For other uses see anatomy (disambiguation). Wikiversity has learning materials about Topic:Anatomy Anatomy lesson carried out in Java Dutch East Indies date unknown.

Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia from ana: separate apart from and temnein to cut up cut open) is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy animal anatomy (zootomy) and plant anatomy (phytotomy). In some of its facets anatomy is closely related to embryology comparative anatomy and comparative embryology1 through common roots in evolution.

Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy (or macroscopic anatomy) and microscopic anatomy.1 Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy regional anatomy or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by unaided vision with the naked eye.1 Microscopic anatomy is the study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes which includes histology (the study of the organization of tissues)1 and cytology (the study of cells).

The history of anatomy has been characterized over time by a continually developing understanding of the functions of organs and structures in the body. Methods have also improved dramatically advancing from examination of animals through dissection of cadavers (dead human bodies) to technologically complex techniques developed in the 20th century including X-ray ultrasound and MRI imaging.

Anatomy should not be confused with anatomical pathology (also called morbid anatomy or histopathology) which is the study of the gross and microscopic appearances of diseased organs. Contents 1 Superficial anatomy 2 Human anatomy 3 Other branches 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Superficial anatomy

Superficial anatomy or surface anatomy is important in anatomy being the study of anatomical landmarks that can be readily seen from the contours or the surface of the body.1 With knowledge of superficial anatomy physicians or veterinary surgeons gauge the position and anatomy of the associated deeper structures. Superficial is a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another or closer to the surface of the body. Human anatomy Main article: Human anatomy Para-sagittal MRI scan of the head An X-ray of a human chest. Human heart and lungs from an older edition of Gray's Anatomy.

Human anatomy including gross human anatomy and histology is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.1

Generally students of certain biological sciences paramedics prosthetists and orthotists physiotherapists occupational therapy nurses and medical students learn gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy from anatomical models skeletons textbooks diagrams photographs lectures and tutorials. The study of microscopic anatomy (or histology) can be aided by practical experience examining histological preparations (or slides) under a microscope; and in addition medical students generally also learn gross anatomy with practical experience of dissection and inspection of cadavers (dead human bodies).

Human anatomy physiology and biochemistry are complementary basic medical sciences which are generally taught to medical students in their first year at medical school. Human anatomy can be taught regionally or systemically;1 that is respectively studying anatomy by bodily regions such as the head and chest or studying by specific systems such as the nervous or respiratory systems. The major anatomy textbook Gray's Anatomy has recently been reorganized from a systems format to a regional format23 in line with modern teaching methods. A thorough working knowledge of anatomy is required by all medical doctors especially surgeons and doctors working in some diagnostic specialities such as histopathology and radiology.

Academic human anatomists are usually employed by universities medical schools or teaching hospitals. They are often involved in teaching anatomy and research into certain systems organs tissues or cells. Other branches Comparative anatomy relates to the comparison of anatomical structures (both gross and microscopic) in different animals.1 Anthropological anatomy or physical anthropology relates to the comparison of the anatomy of different races of humans. Artistic anatomy relates to anatomic studies for artistic reasons. See also Associations: American Association of Anatomists General anatomy: Anatomical terms of location Body plan Charaka referred to as the Father of Anatomy. Foundational Model of Anatomy History of anatomy Important publications in anatomy List of anatomical topics Superficial anatomy Cat anatomy Dog anatomy Fish anatomy Bird anatomy Spider anatomy Human anatomy: List of human anatomical features List of human anatomical parts named after people Acland's Video Atlas of Human Anatomy Physiology Notes a b c d e f g h "Introduction page "Anatomy of the Human Body". Henry Gray. 20th edition. 1918". http://www.bartleby.com/107/1.html. Retrieved 19 March 2007.  "Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (UK). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3". Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012104507/http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/catalogue/title.cfmISBN0443071683. Retrieved 19 March 2007.  "Publisher's page for Gray's Anatomy. 39th edition (US). 2004. ISBN 0-443-07168-3". Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070209134753/http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/product.jspisbn0443071683. Retrieved 19 March 2007.  References "Anatomy of the Human Body". 20th edition. 1918. Henry Gray External links This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive and inappropriate external links. (January 2011) At Wikiversity you can learn more and teach others about Anatomy at: The Department of Anatomy Anatomy Mnemonics Mnemonics in Anatomy. Anatomy on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now) Anatomia 15221867: Anatomical Plates from the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library Anatomy of the Human Body Gray Henry. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger 1918 High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases Anatomy in the 16th century studies and digitized texts by the BIUM (Bibliothque interuniversitaire de mdecine et d'odontologie Paris) see its digital library Medic@. 19th Century Anatomy Lesson Animated dissection following Gray's Anatomy v d eHuman systems and organs TA 24: MS Skeletal system Bone (Carpus  Collar bone (clavicle)  Thigh bone (femur)  Fibula  Humerus  Mandible  Metacarpus  Metatarsus  Ossicles  Patella  Phalanges  Radius  Skull (cranium)  Tarsus  Tibia  Ulna  Rib  Vertebra  Pelvis  Sternum)  Cartilage Joints Fibrous joint  Cartilaginous joint  Synovial joint Muscular system Muscle  Tendon  Diaphragm TA 511: splanchnic/ viscus mostly Thoracic Respiratory system URT (Nose Nasopharynx Larynx)  LRT (Trachea Bronchus Lung) mostly Abdominopelvic Digestive system+ adnexa Mouth (Salivary gland Tongue)  upper GI (Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Esophagus Stomach)  lower GI (Small intestine Appendix Colon Rectum Anus)  accessory (Liver Biliary tract Pancreas) GU: Urinary system Kidney  Ureter  Bladder  Urethra GU: Reproductive system Female (Uterus Vulva Ovary Placenta)  Male (Scrotum Penis Prostate Testicle Seminal vesicle) Endocrine system Pituitary  Pineal  Thyroid  Parathyroid  Adrenal  Islets of Langerhans TA 1216 Circulatory system Cardiovascular system peripheral (Artery Vein Lymphatic vessel)  Heart Lymphatic system primary (Bone marrow Thymus)  secondary (Spleen Lymph node) Nervous system (Brain Spinal cord Nerve)  Sensory system (Ear Eye) Integumentary system Skin  Subcutaneous tissue  Breast (Mammary gland) Blood (Non-TA) Myeloid Myeloid immune system Lymphoid Lymphoid immune system general anatomy: systems and organs regional anatomy planes and lines superficial axial anatomy superficial anatomy of limbs v d eMajor subfields of biology Anatomy  Astrobiology  Biochemistry  Biogeography   Biomechanics  Biophysics  Bioinformatics  Biostatistics  Botany  Cell biology  Cellular microbiology  Chemical biology  Chronobiology  Conservation biology  Developmental biology  Ecology  Epidemiology  Epigenetics  Evolutionary biology  Genetics  Genomics  Histology  Human biology  Immunology  Marine biology  Mathematical biology  Microbiology  Molecular biology  Mycology  Neuroscience  Nutrition  Origin of life  Paleontology  Parasitology  Pathology  Pharmacology  Physiology  Quantum biology  Systems biology  Taxonomy  Toxicology  Zoology