Modern Greek (from 1453) Dialects: Cappadocian Cheimarriotika Cretan Cypriot Demotic Griko Katharevousa Pontic Tsakonian Maniot Yevanic This box: view talk

*Dates (beginning with Ancient Greek) from Wallace D. B. (1996). Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 12. ISBN 0310218950. 

Arcadocypriot or southern Achaean was an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia in the central Peloponnese and in Cyprus. Its resemblance to Mycenaean Greek as it is known from the Linear B corpus suggests that Arcadocypriot is its descendant. Proto-Arcadocypriot (1200 BC) is supposed to have been spoken by Achaeans in the Peloponnese before the arrival of Dorians; for this it is named also southern Achaean. The isoglosses of the Cypriot and Arcadian dialects testify that the Achaeans had settled in Cyprus. As Pausanias reported: Agapenor the son of Ancaeus the son of Lycurgus who was king after Echemus led the Arcadians to Troy. After the capture of Troy the storm that overtook the Greeks on their return home carried Agapenor and the Arcadian fleet to Cyprus and so Agapenor became the founder of Paphos and built the sanctuary of Aphrodite at Palaepaphos (Old Paphos)2

The establishment happened before 1100 BC. With the arrival of Dorians in the Peloponnese a part of the population moved to Cyprus and the rest was limited to the Arcadian mountains. After the collapse of the Mycenaean world communication did not exist and Cypriot was differentiated from Arcadian. It was written up to the 3rd century BC with Cypriot syllabary.3 4

Tsan was a letter only in use in Arcadia up to ca. the 6th century BC. Arcadocypriot kept many characteristics of Mycenaean early lost in Attic and Ionic such as the /w/ sound (digamma). Contents 1 Main traits 2 Glossary 2.1 Arcadian 2.2 Cypriotic 2.2.1 Paphian 3 References Main traits The template below (Empty section) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. Glossary Arcadian amphidekat 21st of the month (ampheikas)(dekat tenth) anda up-side (Attic anthe) armla or armmala (Attic artymata ) food Seasoning asistos nearest (Attic anchistos) darin or dareir (Attic spithame inch) span of all fingers see Ancient Greek units of measurement Hecatombaios epithet for Apollo in Athens and for Zeus in Gortyna Arcadia and Gortyna Crete Wistiau (Attic Hestiou eponym genitive of Hestios) (Cf.Hestia and gistia) woinos (Cypriot Cretan Delphic Magna Graecian also) (Attic oinos) wine zell (Attic ball "throwputletcast") zerethron (Homeric Attic berethron pit) (Koine barathron) thyrda outside (Attic ex thyra door) (Paphian thorande) in ininside (Attic en) (Cypriot also) kathidos water-jug (Attic hydria) (Tarentine huetos) kas and (Attic kai) Cypriotic also kidaris Arcadian dance (Athenaeus 14.631d.)5 and Demetra Kidaria in Arcadia. korwa girl (Attic kor) (Pamphylian name Korwalina) Kortynioi (Kortys Gortyna Arcadia) kubb bootshoe (Attic hypodema) Lnai Bacchae (Lenaeus Dionysus Lenaia festival) mriai horsescattles oun or ounei come on! Go! (Attic deuro drame) pessetai (Attic optatai it is cookedroasted) pos towardsinto (Attic pros) (Cypriot also) 6 poskatublapse (Attic proskatablapsei) 7 sis who anyone (Attic tis) (Laconian tir) (Thessalian kis)(Cypr. sis (si se) Cypriotic abathn teacher (Attic didaskalos) abaristan () 'effeminate' abartai birds volatile (Attic hai ptnai ta ptna ) ablax 'brightly wonderful' (Attic lambrs) ( + (blax) "idiot" blapto "harm") abrems 'unworthy seeing despicable' hagana and agana (Attic sagn 'dragnet') (agan thes) (Attic sipa 'shut up' ( "too much" + "put" (tithemi imp.) ankura (Attic tribolon "three obolus") (Attic ankura anchor) aglaon (Attic glaphyron "smooth sweet simple decorated" (Cretan also) (Attic: aglaos "bright") agor eagle (Attic aetos) anchoros near the morning (from anchauros anchi + aurion tomorrow ) adeios (Attic akathartos) "cleanless impure" (cf. Attic: adeios adeia "fearless safe" Byzantine and Modern: adeios adeia "empty") adryon (ploion monoxylon canoe) ( + ) athrizein (Attic rhigoun to shiver) aieis 'you listen' (Attic akoueis) (a only in poetic use) aipolos (Koine kaplos wine-seller) (Attic aipolos 'goatherd') (Attic ple sell) akeuei (Attic terei he observesmaintainskeeps order) akmn (Attic aletribanos plough or pestle) (Attic anvil meteor) (Acmon mythology) akost barley (Attic krith ) Cypr. acc. to Hsch. but Thess. for grain of all kinds acc. to Sch.Il.6.506.) hals (Attic oinos wine) (Attic hals sea) (<> * ( 141) vgAS ) alab or alaba (Attic marile charcoal-ember) . . . aleipterion (Attic grapheion writing utensil or place of writing and engraving) (Attic aleiph smearrub) aleuron grave (Attic taphos )(leuros smooth level even )(Attic wheat flour) aloua gardens (Attic kpoi) halourga the red things of the sea Cypr. acc. Hsch. anda she (Attic haut) aoron lever gateway door-keeper (Aeolic aoros unsleeped) aoumata chaffs straws left-overs of barleys (Cf. loumatalumata) apelyka (Attic aperrhoga I am brokencrashed) aplan manya lot (Attic ) (Laconian ameremera) (Attic aplaneis unmovingnon wandering esp. for stars) apoairei (Attic apokathairei he cleansremoves) ( lead offset out to sea) apogeme imp. remove out draw off liquor(Attic aphelke) (Attic gem to be full of) apoloisthein to finish complete (Attic apotelein)( holos whole) apolugma denudation (Attic apogymnsis)(cf. apolouma) aras epispeirai Cypriot cursing custom sowing barley with water ' arizos grave (Attic taphos) ( + rhiza root) armula shoes (Attic hypodemata) armatos (Attic spasmos spasm) aroura 'heap of wheat with straws' (HomericIonic aroura earth) arpix harpix or aprix acanthus "specie of thorn" (Attic aprix fast tight) augaros (Attic astos unsavedwasteful prodigal) auekizein (Attic sphakelizein produce gangrene) 'Achaiomanteis seers priests in Cyprus (Hesychius) ballai (Attic bathmoi gradesstepsstages) (Aeolic arrows) blasta (Attic blastesis Vegetation) bomboia (Attic kolumbas elaia pickled oliveswimming in brine)(Attic kolumba diveswim) borborizei . it groans pollutes boukan anemone flower (bukan trumpet) bounos (Attic stibas bed of straw reeds leaves) (Koine bounos hillmountain) boneta (Attic 'purchased things in the price of cows') (Cypriot unholy things) brenthix (Attic thridakine lettuce) brinka small (Attic mikron) brimazein orgasmize (Brim mythology) (brimaomai freak be enraged) brouka green locust (Ionic broukos) brouchetos frog (Attic bathrachos) (Hsch. brouchetos pit ) byblioi gravekeepers ganos garden pl. ganea (Hebrew gan 'garden') gemois nu lit."you may be fullfilled now" Hsch. take and sit genesis libation (Attic sponde) goanai (Attic klaiein to cry) (goa moan) gra or grasthi "eat (imp)" (Attic phage) (Attic gra gnaw) (Sanskrit grasate eat) (PIE *gres- devour) (Salaminian kagra kata + gra Koine kataphagas gluttonous) damatrizein "collect the fuits of Demeter" dein 'turn' (Attic strephein (cf. Attic: deo tie) diptuon (Attic hemimedimnos a dry measure) (Aeolic kammarpsis) diphtheraloiphos elementary teacher grammatodidaskalos ( aleiph "smear" + diphthera "goatskinwriting-material parchment" drosos achreios "needless useless" (Attic drosos dew) dusea (the things around the wall) ear (Attic haima blood) (Attic Ear Spring (season)) Encheios elapsa (Attic diephtheira I harmed) elphos butter (Attic boutyron) enauon put inignite <> . A (n) epixa (Attic ornea birds) erountes (Attic legontes the saying) (Attic erountes the ones who will say) eroua walk and rest (cf. Homeric ere) est (Attic stol equipmentgarment) (cf. esths clothing) zaei (Attic it moves and blows) (zaei binei inire core of illicit intercourse) thates or thutes manual labourers (Attic thtes) (see Timocracy) thein (Attic igdion mortar) (Aristophanes thyeia igdion mortar) thibn (Koine thibis arkbasket) (Hebrew tbhh ark from Egyptian tebt 'box') throdax (Attic thridax lettuce) thua flavourings . . . (fr.564). (fr. 1082) . higa shut up (Attic sipa) (Cretan iga) himonia strap (Attic himas) hin dat. and acc. of the old pers. Pron. hi (q.v.). in Arc. Cypr. and Cret. for en (q.v.)8 kalindina intestines (Attic entera) (PIE: ghel-ond- ghol-nd- stomach; bowels) (Homeric cholades) (Macedonian gola) kachila flowers (Attic anth) (Attic anadendrades climbing vineyards) (Attic kena kenea vain kibisis bag (Attic pra) (Aetolian kibba) killos morning cicada ( tettix proinos) (Hesychius killos donkey) Kinyradai priests of Aphrodite kiris or kirris (cypriotic epithet for Adonis) (Laconian kirris lychnos lightlamp) kittaris Cypriot Diadem. Kittaroi the ones who wear it kichtos the vessel or the substance where the censer(Attic libantos) is being dyed kunupisma drink from pomace (stemphyla) i.e. left-overs of pressed grapes. lnea or leina (Attic eria wools) mopsos 'stain on the clothes' (Attic klis ) (Mopsus mythology) (Mopsopia old name of Attica and Attic tales of Euphorion of Chalcis) mytha voice (Attic phon mythos mytheomai speak narrate) mulasasthai cleanse with oil (Attic smxasthai smch) olinoi sheaves of barley < > . ortos (Attic bmos altar) ouarai we (Attic hemeis) ouaron olive oil (Attic elaion) ounon or ounos road (Attic odos) (Koine dromos) pesson (Attic mountain or village) pilnon (Attic phaion obscure brown pelidnon livid (bluegreen/ dark) prepon beast (Attic teras beast)(prepn -ontos a fish) (Attic prepon -ntos suitable) Pygmaion Adonis rhueina lamb accusative (Attic arna)(nom. rhueinarn from Wrna) si bole (Attic ; ti boulei what do you want) sigunon (Attic akontion spear)9 Paphian epicoron (Attic epikopon) cutting re-stamped coin (from keir and kopt cut) ' es poth' herpes (Attic pothen hekeis where do you come from) (Attic herpein to creep to crawl move slowly like a serpent eutrossesthai (Attic epistrephesthai return) thorande (Attic exo outside) thyra door hingia one (Cypr. ingia) ( heis) (Cretan itton hen one) imitraion(Hsch. hypozoston under-girdlerope of ship impataon (Attic emblepson look inside -imperative) (Hsch. inkapathaon enkatablepson) kabeios young (Attic neos) kabl (Koine mandalos latch) kakkersai (Attic katakopsai to cutslay) (kata + keir cut) kalecheo (Attic katakeiso lay down -imperative) (Homeric lechos bed) kapataxeis (Attic katakopseis you will cutslay) karrhaxon (Attic kataraxon strike -imperative) (kata + arass katereai (Attic kathisa sit) kibos (Attic kibtos ark or eneos speechless) kidnon here (Attic enthade) korza or korzia heart ( Attic kardia ) ( Ionic kardi )( Homeric kradi ) ( Aeolic karza ) kubos saucer bowl dish (Attic trublion) (Attic kubos cube) limn and ( endiatrib delayabidestay) (Attic limn portharbour) mochoi inside (Attic entos)(cf.muchos innermost part nook corner) sapithos sacrifice (Attic thysia) sasai to sit (Attic kathisai) (cf. Poetic thass sit thkos backless throne) ses (Attic elathes you were hiddenescaped notice see lanthano) sihai to spit (Attic ptusai to spitcast out) soana (Attic axin axe) stropa (Attic astrap) (Homeric sterope lightning flash) huesi (Koine stol garment) (Attic amphiesis clothing Hsch. huestaka) Phap Paphia (Paphian Aphrodite) References Hesychius of Alexandria A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity- Arcado-Cypriot by A.Panayotou C. M. Bowra Homeric Words in Arcadian Inscriptions Yves Duhoux Introduction aux Dialectes Grecs Anciens Cabay Lounain-la-Neuve 1983 ISBN 2-87077-177-0 Rdiger Schmitt Einfhrung in die griechischen Dialekte Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt 1977 ISBN 3-534-05672-8 Markus Egetmeyer "Le dialecte grec ancien de Chypre. Tome I: Grammaire; Tome II: Rpertoire des inscriptions en syllabaire chypro-grec. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter 2010. Roger D. Woodard (2008) "Greek dialects" in: The Ancient Languages of Europe ed. R. D. Woodard Cambridge: Cambridge University Press p. 51. Pausanias Description of Greece 8.5.1 Kypros Salamis ca. 600 BC 1 Kypros Kourion 320 BC 2 Mortals and Immortals 3 by Jean Pierre Vernant Arkadia Tegea 4th c. BC IG V2 6 38 Arkadia Mantineia stoichedon. 5th c. BC 4 LSJ Poetics (Aristotle)-XXI 5 v d eAges of Greek c. 3rd millenium BC c. 16001100 BC c. 800300 BC c. 300 BC  AD 330 c. 3301453 since 1453

Proto-Greek

Mycenaean

Ancient Greek

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