This article is about the U.S. state. For the river see Delaware River. For other uses see Delaware (disambiguation). State of Delaware Flag Seal Nickname(s): The First State; The Small Wonder; Blue Hen State; The Diamond State Motto(s): Liberty and Independence Demonym Delawarean Capital Dover Largest city Wilmington Area  Ranked 49th in the U.S.  - Total 2490 sq mi (6452 km2)  - Width 30 miles (48 km)  - Length 96 miles (154 km)  - % water 21.5  - Latitude 3827 N to 3950 N  - Longitude 753 W to 7547 W Population  Ranked 45th in the U.S.  - Total 8979341 - Density 442.6/sq mi  (170.87/km2) Ranked 6th in the U.S.  - Median income  $50152 (12th) Elevation    - Highest point near Ebright Azimuth2 447.852 ft  (136.5 m)  - Mean 59 ft  (18 m)  - Lowest point Atlantic Ocean3 0 ft  (0 m) Before statehood Delaware Colony Admission to Union  December 7 1787 (1st) Governor Jack A. Markell (D) Lieutenant Governor Matthew P. Denn (D) Legislature General Assembly  - Upper house Senate  - Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Thomas R. Carper (D) Chris Coons (D) U.S. House delegation John C. Carney Jr. (D) (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4 Abbreviations DE Del. US-DE Website delaware.gov Delaware State Symbols The Flag of Delaware. Animate insignia Bird(s) Blue Hen Chicken Butterfly Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Fish Weakfish Flower(s) Peach blossom Insect Ladybug Tree American Holly Inanimate insignia Beverage Milk Colors Colonial Blue Buff Fossil Belemnite Mineral Sillimanite Slogan(s) It's Good Being First Soil Greenwich Song(s) Our Delaware Route marker(s) State Quarter Released in 1999 Lists of United States state insignia

Delaware (i /dlwr/ del--wair)4 is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland to the east by New Jersey and to the north by Pennsylvania. 5 The state takes its name from Thomas West 3rd Baron De La Warr an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor after whom what is now called Cape Henlopen was originally named.6

Delaware is located in the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and is the second smallest state in area (after Rhode Island). Estimates in 2007 rank the population of Delaware as 45th in the nation but 6th in population density with more than 60% of the population in New Castle County.7 Delaware is divided into three counties. From north to south these three counties are New Castle Kent and Sussex. While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural New Castle County has been more industrialized.

The state ranks second in civilian scientists and engineers as a percentage of the workforce and number of patents issued to companies or individuals per 1000 workers.8 The history of the state's economic and industrial development is closely tied to the impact of the Du Pont family founders and scions of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company one of the worlds largest chemical companies.9

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south. It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael located near the present town of Lewes in 1631.10 Delaware was one of the 13 colonies participating in the American Revolution and on December 7 1787 became the first state to ratify the Constitution of the United States thereby becoming known as The First State. Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Topography 1.2 Climate 1.3 Environment 2 History 2.1 Native Americans 2.2 Colonial Delaware 2.3 American Revolution 2.4 Slavery and race 3 Demographics 3.1 Languages 3.2 Religion 4 Economy 5 Transportation 5.1 Roads 5.2 Ferries 5.3 Rail and bus 5.4 Air 6 Law and government 6.1 Legislative branch 6.2 Judicial branch 6.3 Executive branch 6.4 Counties 6.5 Politics 6.6 Freedom of information 6.7 Government revenue 7 Municipalities 7.1 Counties 7.2 Cities 7.3 Towns 7.4 Towns (cont.) 7.5 Villages 7.6 Unincorporated places 7.7 Top 10 richest places in Delaware 8 Education 8.1 Discipline 8.2 Colleges and universities 9 Miscellaneous topics 9.1 Media 9.2 Tourism 9.3 Festivals 9.4 Sports 9.5 Delaware Native Americans 9.6 Environmental management 9.7 Namesakes 9.8 Notable Delawareans 10 See also 11 References 12 External links Geography Main articles: Twelve-Mile Circle Wedge (border) Mason-Dixon line and Transpeninsular Line See also: "Counties" section below Map of Delaware The Twelve-Mile Circle. Diagram of the Twelve-Mile Circle the Mason-Dixon Line and "The Wedge". All blue and white areas are inside Delaware.

Delaware is 96 miles (154 km) long and ranges from 9 miles (14 km) to 35 miles (56 km) across totaling 1954 square miles (5060 km2) making it the second-smallest state in the United States after Rhode Island. Delaware is bounded to the north by Pennsylvania; to the east by the Delaware River Delaware Bay New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean; and to the west and south by Maryland. Small portions of Delaware are also situated on the eastern side of the Delaware River sharing land boundaries with New Jersey. The state of Delaware together with the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland and two counties of Virginia form the Delmarva Peninsula which stretches down the Mid-Atlantic Coast.

The definition of the northern boundary of the state is unusual. Most of the boundary between Delaware and Pennsylvania was originally defined by an arc extending 12 miles (19.3 km) from the cupola of the courthouse in the city of New Castle. This boundary is often referred to as the Twelve-Mile Circle.11 This is the only nominally circular state boundary in the United States.

This border extends all the way east to the low-tide mark on the New Jersey shore then continues south along the shoreline until it again reaches the 12-mile (19 km) arc in the south; then the boundary continues in a more conventional way in the middle of the main channel (thalweg) of the Delaware River. To the west a portion of the arc extends past the easternmost edge of Maryland. The remaining western border runs slightly east of due south from its intersection with the arc. The Wedge of land between the northwest part of the arc and the Maryland border was claimed by both Delaware and Pennsylvania until 1921 when Delaware's claim was confirmed. Topography

Delaware is on a level plain with the lowest mean elevation of any state in the nation.12 Its highest elevation located at Ebright Azimuth near Concord High School does not rise fully 450 feet (140 m) above sea level.12 The northernmost part of the state is part of the Appalachian Piedmont with hills and rolling surfaces. The fall line approximately follows the Robert Kirkwood Highway between Newark and Wilmington; south of this road is the Atlantic Coastal Plain with flat sandy and in some parts swampy ground. A ridge about 75 to 80 feet (23 to 24 m) in elevation extends along the western boundary of the state and separates between the watersheds that feed Delaware River and Bay to the east and the Chesapeake Bay to the west. Climate

Since almost all of Delaware is a part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain the effects of the ocean moderate its climate. The state is in a transitional zone between a humid subtropical climate and a continental climate. Despite its small size (roughly 100 miles (160 km) from its northernmost to southernmost points) there is significant variation in mean temperature and amount of snowfall between Sussex County and New Castle County. The southern portion of the state has a somewhat milder climate and a longer growing season than the northern portion of the state. Delaware's all time record high of 110 F (43 C) was recorded at Millsboro on July 21 1930; the all time record low of 17 F (27 C) was also recorded at Millsboro on January 17 1893. Environment See also: #Environmental management The transitional climate of Delaware supports a wide variety of vegetation. In the northern third of the state are found Northeastern coastal forests mixed oak forests typical of the northeastern United States.13 In the southern two-thirds of the state are found Middle Atlantic coastal forests.13 Trap Pond State Park in Sussex County for example supports what may be one of the northernmost stands of bald cypress. History Main article: History of Delaware Native Americans Before Delaware was settled by European colonists the area was home to the Eastern Algonquian tribes known as the Unami Lenape or Delaware throughout the Delaware valley and the Nanticoke along the rivers leading into the Chesapeake Bay. The Unami Lenape in the Delaware Valley were closely related to Munsee Lenape tribes along the Hudson River. They had a settled hunting and agricultural society and they rapidly became middlemen in an increasingly frantic fur trade with their ancient enemy the Minqua or Susquehannock. With the loss of their lands on the Delaware River and the destruction of the Minqua by the Iroquois of the Five Nations in the 1670s the remnants of the Lenape who wished to remain identified as such left the region and moved over the Alleghany Mountains by the mid-18th century. Generally those who did not relocate out of the State of Delaware were baptized became Christian and were grouped together with other persons of color in official records and in the minds of their non-Native American neighbors. Colonial Delaware The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle in present-day Delaware in the Middle region by establishing a trading post at Zwaanendael near the site of Lewes in 1631. Within a year all the settlers were killed in a dispute with area Indian tribes. In 1638 New Sweden a Swedish trading post and colony was established at Fort Christina (now in Wilmington) by Peter Minuit at the head of a group of Swedes Finns and Dutch. The colony of New Sweden lasted for 17 years. In 1651 the Dutch reinvigorated by the leadership of Peter Stuyvesant established a fort at present-day New Castle and in 1655 they conquered the New Sweden colony annexing it into the Dutch New Netherland.14 Only nine years later in 1664 the Dutch were conquered by a fleet of English ships by Sir Robert Carr under the direction of James the Duke of York. Fighting off a prior claim by Cecilius Calvert 2nd Baron Baltimore Proprietor of Maryland the Duke passed his somewhat dubious ownership on to William Penn in 1682. Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his Pennsylvania province and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware" 14 from the Duke. Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However by 1704 the Province of Pennsylvania had grown so large that their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own one at Philadelphia and the other at New Castle. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their Province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. From 1703-1738 New York and New Jersey shared a governor.15 Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time.16 Dependent in early years on indentured labor Delaware imported more slaves as the number of English immigrants decreased with better economic conditions in England. The colony became a slave society and cultivated tobacco as a cash crop although English immigrants continued to arrive. American Revolution Like the other middle colonies the Lower Counties on the Delaware initially showed little enthusiasm for a break with Britain. The citizenry had a good relationship with the Proprietary government and generally were allowed more independence of action in their Colonial Assembly than in other colonies. Merchants at the port of Wilmington had trading ties with the British. So it was that New Castle lawyer Thomas McKean denounced the Stamp Act in the strongest terms and Kent County native John Dickinson became the "Penman of the Revolution." Anticipating the Declaration of Independence Patriot leaders Thomas McKean and Caesar Rodney convinced the Colonial Assembly to declare itself separated from British and Pennsylvania rule on June 15 1776. The person best representing Delaware's majority George Read could not bring himself to vote for a Declaration of Independence. Only the dramatic overnight ride of Caesar Rodney gave the delegation the votes needed to cast Delaware's vote for independence. Initially led by John Haslet Delaware provided one of the premier regiments in the Continental Army known as the "Delaware Blues" and nicknamed the "Blue Hen Chickens." In August 1777 General Sir William Howe led a British army through Delaware on his way to a victory at the Battle of Brandywine and capture of the city of Philadelphia. The only real engagement on Delaware soil was the Battle of Cooch's Bridge fought on September 3 1777 at Cooch's Bridge in New Castle County. Following the Battle of Brandywine Wilmington was occupied by the British and State President John McKinly was taken prisoner. The British remained in control of the Delaware River for much of the rest of the war disrupting commerce and providing encouragement to an active Loyalist portion of the population particularly in Sussex County. Because the British promised slaves of rebels freedom for fighting with them escaped slaves flocked north to join their lines.17 Following the American Revolution statesmen from Delaware were among the leading proponents of a strong central United States with equal representation for each state. Slavery and race Many colonial settlers came to Delaware from Maryland and Virginia which had been experiencing a population boom. The economies of these colonies were chiefly based on tobacco culture and were increasingly dependent on slave labor for its intensive cultivation. Most of the English colonists arrived as indentured servants hiring themselves out as laborers for a fixed period to pay for their passage. In the early years the line between indentured servants and African slaves or laborers was fluid. Most of the free African-American families in Delaware before the Revolution had migrated from Maryland to find more affordable land. They were descendants chiefly of relationships or marriages between servant women and enslaved servant or free African or African-American men.18 As the flow of indentured laborers to the colony decreased with improving economic conditions in England more slaves were imported for labor. At the end of the colonial period the number of enslaved people in Delaware began to decline. Shifts in the agriculture economy from tobacco to mixed farming created less need for slaves' labor. Local Methodists and Quakers encouraged slaveholders to free their slaves following the American Revolution and many did so in a surge of individual manumissions for idealistic reasons. By 1810 three-quarters of all blacks in Delaware were free. When John Dickinson freed his slaves in 1777 he was Delaware's largest slave owner with 37 slaves. By 1860 the largest slaveholder owned only 16 slaves.19 Although attempts to abolish slavery failed by narrow margins in the legislature in practical terms the state had mostly ended the practice. By the 1860 census on the verge of the Civil War 91.7 percent of the black population or nearly 20000 people were free.2021 The independent black denomination was chartered by freed slave Peter Spencer in 1813 as the "Union Church of Africans". This followed the 1793 establishment of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia which had ties to the Methodist Episcopal Church until 1816. Spencer built a church in Wilmington for the new denomination.22 This was renamed the African Union First Colored Methodist Protestant Church and Connection more commonly known as the A.U.M.P. Church. Begun by Spencer in 1814 the annual gathering of the Big August Quarterly still draws people together in a religious and cultural festival the oldest such cultural festival in the nation. At the onset of the Civil War Delaware was only nominally a slave state and it remained in the Union. Delaware voted against secession on January 3 1861. As the governor said Delaware had been the first state to embrace the Union by ratifying the Constitution and would be the last to leave it. While most Delaware citizens who fought in the war served in the regiments of the state some served in companies on the Confederate side in Maryland and Virginia Regiments. Delaware is notable for being the only slave state from which no Confederate regiments or militia groups were assembled. It freed the remaining 1000 or so Delaware slaves with the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution in December 1865. Demographics Delaware Population Density Map Historical populations Census Pop. % 1790 59096 1800 64273 8.8% 1810 72674 13.1% 1820 72749 0.1% 1830 76748 5.5% 1840 78085 1.7% 1850 91532 17.2% 1860 112216 22.6% 1870 125015 11.4% 1880 146608 17.3% 1890 168493 14.9% 1900 184735 9.6% 1910 202322 9.5% 1920 223003 10.2% 1930 238380 6.9% 1940 266505 11.8% 1950 318085 19.4% 1960 446292 40.3% 1970 548104 22.8% 1980 594338 8.4% 1990 666168 12.1% 2000 783600 17.6% 2010 897934 14.6% Sources: 1910-201023 According to the 2010 U.S. Census Delaware had a population of 897934. In terms of race and ethnicity the state was 68.9% White (65.3% Non-Hispanic White Alone) 21.4% Black or African American 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native 3.2% Asian 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 3.4% from Some Other Race and 2.7% from Two or More Races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 8.2% of the population. 24 Delaware is the sixth most densely populated state with a population density of 442.6 people per square mile 356.4 per square mile more than the national average and ranking 45th in population. Only the states of Delaware West Virginia Vermont Maine North Dakota and Wyoming do not have a single city with a population over 100000 as of the 2007 census estimates.7 The center of population of Delaware is located in New Castle County in the town of Townsend.25 Languages As of 2000 90.5% of Delaware residents age 5 and older speak only English at home; 4.7% speak Spanish. French is the third most spoken language at 0.7% followed by Chinese at 0.5% and German at 0.5%. Legislation had been proposed in both the House and the Senate in Delaware to designate English as the official language.2627 Neither bill was passed in the legislature. Religion The religious affiliations of the people of Delaware are: Methodist 20% Baptist 19% No Religion 17% Roman Catholic 9% Lutheran 4% Presbyterian 3% Pentecostal 3% Episcopalian/Anglican - 2% Seventh-day Adventist - 2% Churches of Christ - 1% Other Christian 3% Muslim - 2% Jewish - 1% Other 5% Refused - 9% (source: American Religious Identification Survey City University of New York) As of the year 2000 The Association of Religion Data Archives28 reported that the three largest denominational groups in Delaware are Catholic Mainline Protestant and Evangelical Protestant. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Delaware (at 151740) followed by the United Methodist Church with 59471 members reported and the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) reporting 14880 adherents. The religious body with the largest number of congregations is the United Methodist Church (with 162 congregations) followed by the Catholic Church (with 46 congregations). The Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington and the Episcopal Diocese of Delaware oversee the parishes within their denominations. The A.U.M.P. Church the oldest African-American denomination in the nation was founded in Wilmington. It still has a substantial presence in the state. Reflecting new immigrant populations an Islamic mosque has been built in the Ogletown area and a Hindu temple in Hockessin. Economy For taxes see #Government revenue. "Picking Peaches in Delaware" from an 1878 issue of Harper's Weekly The gross state product of Delaware in 2003 was $49 billion. The per capita personal income was $34199 ranking 9th in the nation. In 2005 the average weekly wage was $937 ranking 7th in the nation.29 Delaware's agricultural output consists of poultry nursery stock soybeans dairy products and corn. Its industrial outputs include chemical products automobiles processed foods paper products and rubber and plastic products. Delaware's economy generally outperforms the national average of the United States. As of January 2011 the state's unemployment rate was 8.5%.30 The state's largest employers are: government (State of Delaware New Castle County) education (University of Delaware) banking (Bank of America Wilmington Trust First USA / Bank One / JPMorgan Chase AIG Citigroup Deutsche Bank Barclays plc) chemical and pharmaceutical companies (E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.3132 Syngenta AstraZeneca33 and Hercules Inc.) healthcare (Christiana Care Health System Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children) automotive manufacturing (Fisker Automotive) farming specifically chicken farming in Sussex County (Perdue Farms Mountaire Farms Allen Family Foods) The Dover Air Force Base located next to the state capital of Dover is one of the largest Air Force bases in the country and is a major employer in Delaware. In addition to its other responsibilities in the USAF Air Mobility Command this air base serves as the entry point and mortuary for American military personnel and some U.S. government civilians who die overseas. In common with many counties in the United States each of the three Delaware counties have experienced a year-on-year decreasing in the sales price of new and existing homes when comparing 2010 to 2011 as shown in the table below.34 Average sales price for homes new and existing County March 2010 March 2011 New Castle $229000 $216000 Sussex $323000 $296000 Kent $186000 $178000 Over 50% of US publicly traded corporations and 60% of the Fortune 500 companies are incorporated in Delaware;35 the state's attractiveness as a corporate haven is largely because of its business-friendly corporation law. Franchise taxes on Delaware corporations supply about one-fifth of its state revenue.36 Although Delaware is ranked first tax haven in the world by Tax Justice Network37 it is not listed on the OECD's 2009 "Black List" despite objections of Luxembourg's and Switzerland's authorities.38citation needed Title 4 chapter 7 of the Delaware Code stipulates that alcoholic liquor only be sold in specifically licensed establishments and only between 9:00 AM and 1:00 AM.39 Transportation The current state license plate design was introduced in 1959 making it the longest-running license plate design in United States history.40 The transportation system in Delaware is under the governance and supervision of the Delaware Department of Transportation also known as "DelDOT".4142 DelDOT manages programs such as a Delaware Adopt-a-Highway program major road route snow removal traffic control infrastructure (signs and signals) toll road management Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles the Delaware Transit Corporation (branded as "DART First State" the state government public transportation organization) among others. Almost 90 percent of the state's public roadway miles are under the direct maintenance of DelDOT which far exceeds the United States national average of 20 percent for state department of transportation maintenance responsibility; the remaining public road miles are under the supervision of individual municipalities. Roads Further information: List of numbered routes in Delaware Delaware Route 1 a partial toll road linking Fenwick Island and Wilmington. One major branch of the U.S. Interstate Highway System Interstate 95 crosses Delaware southwest-to-northeast across New Castle County. In addition to I-95 there are six U.S. highways that serve Delaware: U.S. Route 9 U.S. Route 13 U.S. Route 40 U.S. Route 113 U.S. Route 202 and U.S. Route 301. There are also several state highways that cross the state of Delaware; a few of them include Delaware Route 1 Delaware Route 9 and Delaware Route 404. U.S. 13 and DE Rt 1 are primary north-south highways connecting Wilmington and Pennsylvania with Maryland with DE 1 serving as the main route between Wilmington and the Delaware beaches. DE Rt. 9 is a north-south highway connecting Dover and Wilmington via a scenic route along the Delaware Bay. U.S. 40 is a primary east-west route connecting Maryland with New Jersey. DE Rt. 404 is another primary east-west highway connecting the Chesapeake Bay Bridge in Maryland with the Delaware beaches. The state also operates two toll highways the Delaware Turnpike which is Interstate 95 between Maryland and New Castle and the Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway which is DE Rt. 1 between Wilmington and Dover. A bicycle route Delaware Bicycle Route 1 spans the north-south length of the state from the Maryland border in Fenwick Island to the Pennsylvania border north of Montchanin. It is the first of several signed bike routes planned in Delaware.43 Delaware has around 1450 bridges ninety-five percent of which are under the supervision of DelDOT. About 30 percent of all Delaware bridges were built prior to 1950 and about 60 percent of the number are included in the National Bridge Inventory. Some bridges not under DelDOT supervision includes the four bridges on the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal which are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Delaware Memorial Bridge which is under the bi-state Delaware River and Bay Authority. It has been noted that the tar and chip composition of secondary roads in Sussex County make them more prone to deterioration than asphalt roadways found in the rest of the state.44 Among these roads Sussex (county road) 238 is among the most problematic.44 Ferries There are three ferries that operate in the state of Delaware: Cape May-Lewes Ferry crosses the mouth of the Delaware Bay between Lewes Delaware and Cape May New Jersey. Woodland Ferry is a cable ferry that crosses the Nanticoke River southwest of Seaford. Three Forts Ferry Crossing connects Delaware City with Fort Delaware and Fort Mott in New Jersey Rail and bus A Norfolk Southern locomotive in Dover. Amtrak has two stations in Delaware along the Northeast Corridor; the relatively quiet Newark Rail Station in Newark and the busier Wilmington Rail Station in Wilmington. The Northeast Corridor is also served by SEPTA's Wilmington/Newark Line of Regional Rail which serves Claymont Wilmington Churchmans Crossing and Newark. The major freight railroad in Delaware is the Class 1 Norfolk Southern which provides service to most of Delaware. It connects with two shortline railroads the Delaware Coast Line Railway and the Maryland & Delaware Railroad. These two shortlines serve local customers in Sussex County. Another Class 1 railroad CSX passes through northern New Castle County parallel to the Amtrak Northeast Corridor. The public transportation system DART First State was named "Most Outstanding Public Transportation System" in 2003 by the American Public Transportation Association. Coverage of the system is broad within northern New Castle County with close association to major highways in Kent and Sussex counties. The system includes bus subsidized passenger rail operated by Philadelphia transit agency SEPTA and subsidized taxi and paratransit modes the latter consisting of a state-wide door-to-door bus service for the elderly and disabled. Air Delaware is the only state in the United States without commercial air service. New Castle Airport near Wilmington has been served by commercial airlines in the past the last being Skybus Airlines which provided service to Columbus Ohio and Greensboro North Carolina from March 7 200845 until its bankruptcy on April 5 2008. Delaware is centrally situated in the Northeast Corridor region of cities along I-95. Therefore Delaware commercial airline passengers most frequently use Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) and Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (BWI) for domestic and international transit. Residents of Sussex County will also use Wicomico Regional Airport as it is located less than 10 miles (16 km) from the Delaware border. Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) are also within a 100-mile (160 km) radius of New Castle County. The large Dover Air Force Base of the USAF Air Mobility Command is located in the central part of the state and it is the home of the 436th Airlift Wing and the 512th Airlift Wing. Other general aviation airports in Delaware include Summit Airport near Middletown Delaware Airpark near Cheswold and Sussex County Airport near Georgetown. Law and government Delaware's fourth and current constitution adopted in 1897 provides for executive judicial and legislative branches. Legislative branch The Delaware General Assembly meet in the Legislative Hall in Dover. The Delaware General Assembly consists of a House of Representatives with 41 members and a Senate with 21 members. It sits in Dover the state capital. Representatives are elected to two-year terms while senators are elected to four-year terms. The Senate confirms judicial and other nominees appointed by the governor. Delaware's U.S. Senators are Thomas R. Carper (Democrat) and Chris Coons (Democrat). Delaware's single U.S. Representative is John Carney (Democrat). Judicial branch The Delaware Constitution establishes a number of courts: The Delaware Supreme Court is the state's highest court. The Delaware Superior Court is the state's trial court of general jurisdiction. The Delaware Court of Chancery deals primarily in corporate disputes. The Family Court handles domestic and custody matters. The Delaware Court of Common Pleas has jurisdiction over a limited class of civil and criminal matters. Minor non-constitutional courts include the Justice of the Peace Courts and Aldermen's Courts. Significantly Delaware has one of the few remaining Courts of Chancery in the nation which has jurisdiction over equity cases the vast majority of which are corporate disputes many relating to mergers and acquisitions. The Court of Chancery and the Supreme Court have developed a worldwide reputation for rendering concise opinions concerning corporate law which generally (but not always) grant broad discretion to corporate boards of directors and officers. In addition the Delaware General Corporation Law which forms the basis of the Courts' opinions is widely regarded as giving great flexibility to corporations to manage their affairs. For these reasons Delaware is considered to have the most business-friendly legal system in the United States; therefore a great number of companies are incorporated in Delaware including 60% of the companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange.46 Delaware was the last US state to use judicial corporal punishment in 1952.47 Executive branch See also: List of Governors of Delaware The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Delaware. The present governor is Jack A. Markell (Democrat) who took office January 20 2009. The lieutenant governor is Matthew P. Denn. The governor presents a "State of the State" speech to a joint session of the Delaware legislature annually.48 Counties Delaware is subdivided into three counties; from north to south they are New Castle Kent County and Sussex. This is the fewest among all states with Rhode Island having five counties. Each county elects its own legislative body (known in New Castle and Sussex counties as County Council and in Kent County as Levy Court) which deal primarily in zoning and development issues. Most functions which are handled on a county-by-county basis in other states such as court and law enforcement have been centralized in Delaware leading to a significant concentration of power in the Delaware state government. The counties were historically divided into hundreds which were used as tax reporting and voting districts until the 1960s but now serve no administrative role their only current official legal use being in real-estate title descriptions.49 Politics Presidential elections results Year Republican Democratic 2008 37.37% 152356 62.63% 255394 2004 45.75% 171660 53.35% 200152 2000 41.90% 137288 54.96% 180068 1996 36.58% 99062 51.82% 140955 1992 35.33% 102313 43.52% 126054 1988 55.88% 139639 43.48% 108647 1984 59.78% 152190 39.93% 101656 1980 47.21% 111252 44.87% 105754 1976 46.57% 109831 51.98% 122596 1972 59.60% 140357 39.18% 92283 1968 45.12% 96714 41.61% 89194 1964 38.78% 78078 60.95% 122704 1960 49.00% 96373 50.63% 99590 The Democratic Party holds a plurality of registrations in Delaware. Until the 2000 presidential election the state tended to be a Presidential bellwether sending its three electoral votes to the winning candidate since 1952. Bucking that trend however in 2000 and again in 2004 Delaware voted for the Democratic candidate. In the 2000 election Delaware voted with the winner of the popular vote Al Gore who subsequently lost the Electoral College to George W. Bush. John Kerry won Delaware by eight percentage points with 53.5% of the vote in 2004. In 2008 Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican John McCain in Delaware 62.63% to 37.37%. Obama's running mate was Joe Biden who had represented Delaware in the United States Senate since 1973. For a period of time the Republican Party was the dominant political party in the state due in part to the influence of the du Pont family. Ralph Nader assembled a working group to investigate ties between Delaware's politicians and industrialists and published its findings in the book The Company State. The nominees of the Democratic Party have won the past four gubernatorial elections. Democrats presently hold eight of the nine statewide elected offices while the Republicans hold only one statewide office State Auditor. See also: United States presidential election 2004 in Delaware and Political party strength in Delaware Freedom of information See also: Freedom of information in the United States#State legislation Each of the 50 states of the United States has passed some form of freedom of information legislation which provides a mechanism for the general public to request information of the government.citation needed In 2011 Delaware passed legislation placing a 15 business day time limit on addressing freedom-of-information requests to either produce information or an explanation of why such information would take longer than this time to produce.50 Government revenue Delaware has six different income tax brackets ranging from 2.2% to 5.95%. The state does not assess sales tax on consumers. The state does however impose a tax on the gross receipts of most businesses. Business and occupational license tax rates range from 0.096% to 1.92% depending on the category of business activity. Delaware does not assess a state-level tax on real or personal property. Real estate is subject to county property taxes school district property taxes vocational school district taxes and if located within an incorporated area municipal property taxes. Gambling provides significant revenue to the state. For instance the casino at Delaware Park Racetrack provided more than $100 million USD to the state in 2010.51 Municipalities Wilmington is the state's largest city and its economic hub. It is located within commuting distance of both Philadelphia and Baltimore. All regions of Delaware are enjoying phenomenal growth with Dover and the beach resorts expanding at a rapid rate. Further information: List of Delaware municipalities Counties Kent New Castle Sussex Cities Delaware City Dover Harrington Lewes Middletown Milford New Castle Newark Rehoboth Beach Seaford Wilmington Towns Bellefonte Bethany Beach Bethel Blades Bowers Bridgeville Camden Cheswold Clayton Dagsboro Delmar Dewey Beach Ellendale Elsmere Towns (cont.) Farmington Felton Fenwick Island Frankford Frederica Georgetown Greenwood Hartly Henlopen Acres Houston Kenton Laurel Leipsic Little Creek Magnolia Millsboro Millville Milton Newport Ocean View Odessa Selbyville Slaughter Beach Smyrna South Bethany Townsend Viola Woodside Wyoming Villages Arden Ardencroft Ardentown Unincorporated places Bear Brookside Christiana Clarksville Claymont Dover Base Housing Edgemoor Glasgow Greenville Gumboro Harbeson Highland Acres Hockessin Kent Acres Lincoln City Long Neck Marshallton North Star Omar Pike Creek Rising Sun-Lebanon Riverview Rodney Village Roxana Saint Georges Stanton Wilmington Manor Woodside East Yorklyn Dover Newark Seaford Wilmington Top 10 richest places in Delaware Ranked by per capita income Greenville: $83223 Henlopen Acres: $82091 South Bethany: $53624 Dewey Beach: $51958 Fenwick Island: $44415 Bethany Beach: $41306 Hockessin: $40516 North Star: $39677 Rehoboth Beach: $38494 Ardentown: $35577 Further information: Delaware locations by per capita income Education Delaware was the origin of Belton v. Gebhart one of the four cases which was combined into Brown v. Board of Education the Supreme Court of the United States decision that led to the end of segregated public schools. Significantly Belton was the only case in which the state court found for the plaintiffs thereby ruling that segregation was unconstitutional. Unlike many states Delaware's educational system is centralized in a state Superintendent of Education with local school boards retaining control over taxation and some curriculum decisions. As of 2011 the Delaware Department of Education had authorized the founding of 25 charter schools in the state among them one all-girls facility.52 Discipline A study in 2010 indicated that while black students made up 32% of public school attendees they accounted for 55% of the students who were suspended or expelled.53 Colleges and universities Delaware College of Art and Design Delaware State University Delaware Technical & Community College Drexel University at Wilmington Goldey-Beacom College University of Delaware Wesley College Widener University School of Law Wilmington University Miscellaneous topics Delaware's sister state in Japan is Miyagi Prefecture.54 Media There are no network broadcast-television stations operating solely in Delaware. A local PBS station from Philadelphia (but licensed to Wilmington) WHYY-TV maintains a studio and broadcasting facility in Wilmington and Dover while ION Television affiliate WPPX is licensed to Wilmington but for all intents and purposes maintains their offices in Philadelphia and their digital transmitter outside of that city and an analog tower in New Jersey. Philadelphia's ABC affiliate WPVI-TV maintains a news bureau in downtown Wilmington. The northern part of the state is served by network stations in Philadelphia and the southern part by network stations in Baltimore and Salisbury Maryland. Salisbury's CBS affiliate WBOC-TV maintains bureaus in Dover and Milton. Tourism While Delaware has no places designated as national parks55 national seashores national battlefields national memorials or national monuments it does have several museums wildlife refuges parks houses lighthouses and other historic places. Delaware is home to the second longest twin span suspension bridge in the world the Delaware Memorial Bridge. Rehoboth Beach together with the towns of Lewes Dewey Beach Bethany Beach South Bethany and Fenwick Island comprise Delaware's beach resorts. Rehoboth Beach often bills itself as "The Nation's Summer Capital" because it is a frequent summer vacation destination for Washington D.C. residents as well as visitors from Maryland Virginia and in lesser numbers Pennsylvania. Vacationers are drawn for many reasons including the town's charm artistic appeal nightlife and tax free shopping. Delaware is home to several festivals fairs and events. Some of the more notable festivals are the Riverfest held in Seaford the World Championship Punkin Chunkin held at various locations throughout the county since 1986 the Rehoboth Beach Chocolate Festival the Bethany Beach Jazz Funeral to mark the end of summer the Apple Scrapple Festival held in Bridgeville the Rehoboth Beach Jazz Festival the Sea Witch Halloween Festival and Parade in Rehoboth Beach the Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival the Nanticoke Indian Pow Wow in Oak Orchard and the Return Day Parade held after every election in Georgetown. Festivals Main article: Delaware festivals Sports Club Sport League Wilmington Blue Rocks Baseball Minor League Baseball Delaware Griffins Football Women's Professional Football League Central Delaware SA Future Soccer Women's Premier Soccer League Delaware Dynasty Soccer USL Premier Development League Diamond State Roller Girls Roller Derby Women's Flat Track Derby Association In place of in-state professional sports teams many Delawareans follow either Philadelphia or Baltimore teams depending on their location within the state with Philadelphia teams receiving the largest fan following though before the Baltimore Ravens entered the NFL the Washington Redskins had a significant fan base in Sussex County and the Baltimore Colts had a significant fan base in northern counties. The University of Delaware's football team has a large following throughout the state with the Delaware State University and Wesley College (Delaware)Wesley College teams also enjoying a smaller degree of support. Delaware is home to Dover International Speedway and Dover Downs. DIS also known as the Monster Mile hosts two NASCAR races each year. Dover Downs is a popular harness racing facility. It is the only co-located horse and car-racing facility in the nation with the Dover Downs track is located inside the DIS track. Delaware has been home to professional wrestling outfit Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). CZW has been affiliated with the annual Tournament of Death and ECWA with its annual Super 8 Tournament. Delaware is home to the Diamond State Games an amateur Olympic-style sports festival. The event is open to athletes of all ages and is also open to residents beyond the borders of Delaware. The Diamond State Games were created in 2001 and participation levels average roughly 2500 per year in 12 contested sports. Delaware Native Americans Delaware is also the name of a Native American group (called in their own language Lenni Lenape) that was influential in the colonial period of the United States and is today headquartered in Cheswold Kent County Delaware. A band of the Nanticoke tribe of American Indians today resides in Sussex County and is headquartered in Millsboro Sussex County Delaware. Environmental management Delaware provides government subsidy support for the clean-up of property "lightly contaminated" by hazardous waste the proceeds for which come from a tax on wholesale petroleum sales.56 Namesakes Several ships have been named USS Delaware in honor of this state. Notable Delawareans Main article: List of people from Delaware See also North America portal United States portal Delaware portal Main articles: Outline of Delaware and Index of Delaware-related articles References "RESIDENT POPULATION OF THE 50 STATES THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND PUERTO RICO: 2010 CENSUS". United States Census Bureau. http://2010.census.gov/news/pdf/apport2010table2.pdf. Retrieved 2010-12-21.  a b Schenck William S.. Highest Point in Delaware. Delaware Geological Survey. http://www.dgs.udel.edu/publications/pubs/factsheets/highestpoint.aspx. Retrieved 2008-07-23  "Elevations and Distances in the United States". U.S Geological Survey. 29 April 2005. http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest. Retrieved November 3 2006.  Random House Dictionary While the U.S. Census Bureau designates Delaware as one of the South Atlantic States it is sometimes grouped with the Mid-Atlantic States or the Northeastern United States. "Delaware". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.phptermDelaware. Retrieved 2007-02-24.  a b 1dead link "The State New Economy Index". The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI). 2002. http://www.neweconomyindex.org/states/2002/delaware.html.  "Delaware Living History". http://www.delawareliving.com/history.html.  "State of Delaware (A brief history)". http://portal.delaware.gov/facts/history/delhist.shtml.  Because of surveying errors the actual line is actually several compound arcs with centers located at different points in town New Castle a b "Extreme and Mean Elevations by State and Other Area" (PDF). Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2004-2005. Unites States Census Bureau. p. 216. http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/04statab/geo.pdf. Retrieved March 16 2011.  a b Olson D. M E. Dinerstein et al (2001). "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth". BioScience 51 (11): 933938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)0510933:TEOTWA2.0.CO;2. http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/.  a b John A. Munroe (2006). "3". History of Delaware (5 illustrated ed.). University of Delaware Press. p. 45. ISBN 0874139473. "Chapter 3. The Lower Counties On The Delaware"  Lurie MN Mappen M. Encyclopedia of New Jersey. Rutgers University Press 2004 ISBN 0813533252 p. 327 Mayo LS. John Wentworth Governor of New Hampshire: 1767-1775. Harvard University Press 1921 p. 5 Simon Schama Rough Crossings: Britain The Slaves and the American Revolution New York HarperCollins 2006 Paul Heinegg. Free African Americans in Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Maryland and Delaware Accessed 15 February 2008 Peter Kolchin American Slavery: 16191877 New York: Hill and Wang 1994 pp.78 81-82 Peter Kolchin American Slavery: 16191877 New York: Hill and Wang 1994 pp.81-82 Historical Census Browser 1860 Federal Census University of Virginia Librarydead link accessed 15 March 2008 Dalleo Peter T. (1997-06-27). "The Growth of Delaware's Antebellum Free African Community". University of Delaware. http://www.udel.edu/BlackHistory/antebellum.html.  Resident Population Data - 2010 Census http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtmlpidDEC10PLQTPL&prodTypetable "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000" (TXT). United States Census Bureau. 2002-02-20. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved 2007-03-09.  SB 129 assigned 2007-06-13 to Senate Education Committee. HB 436 stricken 2006-06-15 "State Membership Reports". thearda.com. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/102000.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-15.  Luladey B. Tadesse (2006-08-26). "Del. workers earn 7th-highest salary in U.S.". Delaware News-Journal. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. http://www.liveinde.com/delawareno7salaries.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-26.  Note: value of $937 per week was for the 4th quarter of 2005. "Delaware Statewide Seasonally Adjusted" (database report). Local Area Unemployment Statistics. United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. February 2011. http://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServletdatatoollatestnumbers&seriesidLASST10000003. Retrieved 16 April 2011.  Jonathan Starkey (21 April 2011). "DuPont quarterly profit up 27%". News Journal (Wilmington Delaware: Gannett): Business. http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20110422/BUSINESS/104220333/-1/NLETTER01/DuPont-quarterly-profit-up-27-sourcenletter-news. Retrieved 22 April 2011. "The company employs 8000 people in Delaware and 60000 globally."  Eder Andrew (2008-07-21). "DuPont can't avoid talk of buyout". Delaware News-Journal (Gannett). Archived from the original on August 1 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080801191131/http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/articleAID/20080721/BUSINESS/807210335. Retrieved 2008-07-23. "Any type of takeover of DuPont -- the state's second-largest private employer with about 8900 employees -- would almost certainly mean local job cuts said John Stapleford a senior economist...."  Jonathan Starkey (23 April 2011). "AstraZeneca to demolish three buildings". News Journal (Wilmington Delaware: Gannett): DelawareOnline. http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20110423/BUSINESS/104230343/-1/NLETTER01/AZ-to-demolish-3-buildings. Retrieved 23 April 2011.  Eric Ruth (15 April 2010). "Delaware housing: Home prices slide in all three counties; sales in NCCo Kent down from year ago". News Journal (Gannett): Delaware Online. http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20110416/BUSINESS/104160310/-1/NLETTER01/Home-prices-slide-in-all-three-counties--sales-in-NCCo--Kent-down-from-year-ago. Retrieved 16 April 2011.  Delaware Division of Corporations Delaware 2007 Fiscal Notebook - State General Fund Revenues by Category (F.Y. 2002 - F.Y. 2005) Tax Justice Network (2009-11-01). "Financial Secrecy Index". financial secrecy index. http://www.financialsecrecyindex.com/2009results.html.  Felicity Lawrence (2009-04-07). "Blacklisted tax havens agree to implement OECD disclosure rules". guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/07/g20-banking.  "CHAPTER 7. REGULATORY PROVISIONS". Online Delaware Code. Delaware General Assembly. http://www.delcode.state.de.us/title4/c007/. Retrieved 2007-03-09.  Harlow Summer (2008-01-20). "Auto tag No. 6 likely to sell for $1 million". The News Journal. http://www.delawareonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/articleAID/20080120/NEWS/801200351&templateprintart.  "State of Delaware Department of Transportation". State of Delaware. http://www.deldot.gov/index.shtml. Retrieved 30 June 2006.  Staff (Delaware Department of Transportation Public Relations) (2005). Delaware Transportation Facts 2005. DelDOT Division of Planning. http://www.deldot.gov/information/pubsforms/factbook/pdf/2005/2005deldotfactbook.pdf.  "Projects: Delaware Bicycle Facility Master Plan". Delaware Department of Transportation. http://www.deldot.gov/information/projects/bikeandped/bikefacilities/pages/regionalroutes.shtml. Retrieved 2010-09-28.  a b Justin Williams (17 April 2011). "Anything Once: On the road taking plenty of pot shots". News Journal (Wilmington Delaware: Gannett): DelawareOnline. http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20110417/NEWS02/304170008/-1/NLETTER01/On-the-road--taking-plenty-of-pot-shots. Retrieved 17 April 2011.  Matzer Rose Marla (9 January 2008). "Skybus adds two cities to schedule". http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/business/stories/2008/01/09/skybusrouteannounce.ARTART01-09-08C10DP90M2P.htmlsid101. Retrieved 2008-01-09.  "Division of Corporations - About Agency". Delaware Division of Corporations. Archived from the original on 2007-02-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20070228002805/http://www.state.de.us/corp/aboutagency.shtml. Retrieved 2007-03-09.  Note: replacement current URL (2008-07-23) is http://www.corp.delaware.gov/aboutagency.shtml . Pleck Elizabeth Hefkin (2004). Domestic tyranny: the making of American social policy against family. University of Illinois Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780252071751. http://books.google.com/booksidzN2A2shTz6YC&pgPA120.  Staff (2010). "Home". website for Delaware House of Representatives Minority Caucus. Delaware House of Representatives Minority Caucus. Archived from the original on 2001-01-24. http://www.webcitation.org/5n1UxlPVx. Retrieved 2001-01-24.  "The Hundreds Of Delaware". Department of State: Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs. Delaware State Archives. http://history.delaware.gov/museums/vc/vchundreds.shtml. Retrieved 2010-09-28.  Rep. Bennett; Sen. Peterson & Sen. Katz (6 January 2011) "10" Online Delaware Code 78 (published 15 April 2011) House Bill # 5 http://legis.delaware.gov/lis/lis146.nsf/vwlegislation/HB+5 retrieved 22 April 2011  Chris Barrish (23 April 2011). "Delaware crime: Wave of brazen attacks sounds alarm at casino". News Journal (Wilmington Delaware: Gannett): DelawareOnline. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5ygCHfM0y. Retrieved 23 April 2011.  First page of online article archived via link provided. Dobo Nichole (12 June 2011). "Delaware schools: Checkered past goes unchecked". The News Journal (New Castle Delaware). Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5zOplxsjf. Retrieved 13 June 2011.  Dobo Nichole (17 October 2010). "Black students punished more". Melbourne Florida: Florida Today. pp. 13A.  McDowell; Sen. McBride; Rep. George (22 March 2011) "Mourning Those Lost in the Recent Earthquake and Related Disasters that have Befallen Japan and Expressing the Thoughts and Prayers of All Delawareans for the Citizens of Our Sister State of Miyagi Prefecture During These Difficult Times" (published 23 March 2011) Senate Joint Resolution # 3 http://legis.delaware.gov/lis/lis146.nsf/vwlegislation/HB+5 retrieved 22 April 2011  "Delaware's historic role should be remembered". The News Journal (Wilmington Delaware: Gannett): Opinion; delawareonline. 29 April 2011. http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20110430/OPINION11/104300305/-1/NLETTER01/Delaware-s-historic-role-should-be-remembered. Retrieved 30 April 2011.  Montgomery Jeff (14 May 2011). "Cleaning up contamination". The News Journal (New Castle Delaware: Gannett): DelawareOnline. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5ygBz8xTN. Retrieved 14 May 2011.  The first online page is archived; the page containing information related here is not in the archived version. External links Find more about Delaware on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks OpenStreetMap has geographic data related to: Delaware State of Delaware official website Delaware State Databases - Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Delaware state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association. 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