Besides its continental territory Galicia includes the archipelagos of Ces Ons Slvora as well as Cortegada Island the Malveiras Islands Sisargas Islands and Arousa Island.

Galicia has roughly 6.23 million inhabitants as of 2008 with the largest concentration in two coastal areas from Ferrol to A Corua in the north-west and from Vilagarca to Vigo in the south-west. The capital is Santiago de Compostela in the province of A Corua. Vigo in the province of Pontevedra is the most populous municipality with 203.61 inhabitants and the second most populous city with 265.78 habitants; while A Corua is the most populous city with 227.89 habitants and the second most populous municipality with 365.2 habitants in its municipality (INE 2009).

Galicia has its own historic language Galician which although essentially derived from Latin Galician has significant Celtic and Germanic content. Contents 1 Toponym 2 Geography 2.1 Topography 2.2 Mountains 2.3 Hydrography 2.4 Environment 2.5 Flora 2.6 Fauna 2.7 Climate 3 History 3.1 Prehistory 3.2 Castro culture 3.3 Roman rule 3.4 Middle Ages 3.5 Modern era 4 Language 5 Government and politics 5.1 Regional government 5.1.1 Executive 5.1.2 Legislative 5.1.3 Judicial 5.2 Local government 5.3 National government 5.4 Administrative divisions 6 Public services 6.1 Health care 6.2 Education 7 Economy 8 Demographics 8.1 Population 8.2 Urbanization 8.3 Migration 9 Culture 9.1 Literature 9.2 Cuisine 9.3 Sport 9.4 Contemporary music 9.4.1 Pop/rock 9.4.2 Folk/traditional based music 9.5 Public holidays 9.5.1 Festivals 10 Transportation 10.1 Airports 10.2 Ports 10.3 Roads 10.4 Railways 11 Media 11.1 Television 11.2 Radio 11.3 Press 12 Notable Galicians 13 Honour 14 Image gallery 15 See also 16 References 17 External links Toponym

The name Galicia comes from the Latin name galician associated with the name of the ancient Celtic tribe that resided north of the Douro river the Gallaeci or Callaeci in Latin and Kallaiki (o) in Greek (as mentioned by Herodotus). According to Ptolemy these Callaeci were the first tribe in the area to battle the invading Romans.23

The standard pronunciation of Galicia in both Galician and Spanish is alija; However due to dialectal variations it is also pronounced as alisja (Gheada) or alija (Seseo). Geography NASA satellite photo of Galicia

Galicia has a surface area of 29574 square kilometres (11419 sq mi).4 Its northernmost point at 43 47' N is Estaca de Bares (also the northernmost point of Spain); its southernmost at 41 49' N is on the Portuguese border in the Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurs Natural Park.4 The easternmost longitude is at 6 42' W on the border between the province of Ourense and the Castilian-Leonese province of Zamora) its westernmost at 9 18' W reached in two places: the La Nave Cape in Fisterra (also known as Finisterre) and Cape Tourin both in the province of A Corua.4 Topography Finisterre on the Atlantic coast of Galicia

The interior of Galicia is composed of relatively low mountains without sharp peaks. There are many rivers most (though not all) running down relatively gentle slopes in narrow river valleys though at times their courses become far more rugged as in the canyons of the Sil river Galicia's second most important river after the Mio. The Ra de Arousa (Pontevedra) has the largest surface area of any of Galicia's ras or indeed of any in Spain.5

Topographically a remarkable feature of Galicia is the presence of many firth-like inlets along the coast estuaries that were drowned with rising sea levels after the ice age. These are called ras and are divided into the smaller Ras Altas ("High Ras") and the larger Ras Baixas ("Low Ras"). The Ras Altas include Ribadeo Foz Viveiro Barqueiro Ortigueira Cedeira Ferrol Betanzos A Corua Corme e Laxe and Camarias. The Ras Baixas found south of Fisterra include Corcubin Muros e Noia Arousa Pontevedra and Vigo. The Ras Altas can sometimes refer only to those east of Estaca de Bares with the others being calld Ras Medias ("Intermediate Ras"). Cape Ortegal Although Fisterra (Finisterre) shown here is popularly thought of as the westernmost point in peninsular Spain that distinction properly belongs to Cape Tourin.6 Erosion by the Atlantic Ocean has contributed to the great number of capes. Besides the abovementioned Estaca de Bares in the far north separating the Atlantic Ocean from the Cantabrian Sea other notable capes are Cape Ortegal Cape Prior Punta Santo Adrao Cape Viln Cape Tourin (westernmost point in Galicia) Cape Finisterre or Finestra considered by the Romans (along with Finistre in Brittany and Land's End in Cornwall to be the end of the known world. All along the Galician coast are various archipelagos near the mouths of the ras. These archipelagos provide protected deepwater harbors and also provide habitat for seagoing birds. A 2007 inventory estimates that the Galician coast has 316 archipelagos islets and freestanding rocks.7 Among the most important of these are the archipelagos of Ces Ons and Slvora. Together with Cortegada Island these make up the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park. Other significant islands are Islas Malveiras Islas Sisargas and Arousa Island. The coast of this green corner of the Iberian Peninsulasome 1500 km (930 mi) in lengthis promoted for touristic purposes as "A Costa do Marisco" ("The Seafood Coast" in Galician). The spectacular landscapes and wildness of the coast attract great numbers of tourists. Mountains Trevinca Galicia is quite mountainous a fact which has contributed to isolate the rural population and discourage development of the interior. The main mountain range is the Macizo Galaico also known as Macizo Galaico-Leons located in the eastern parts bordering with Castile and Len. Other noteworthy mountain ranges are O Xistral (northern Lugo) the Serra dos Ancares (on the border with Len and Asturias) O Courel (on the border with Len) O Eixo (the border between Ourense and Zamora) Macizo de Manzaneda (in the center of Ourense province) O Faro (the border between Lugo and Pontevedra) Cova da Serpe (border of Lugo and A Corua) Montemaior (A Corua) Montes do Testeiro (between Pontevedra and Ourense) and finally A Peneda O Xurs and O Larouco all on the border of Ourense and Portugal. The highest point in Galicia is Trevinca or Pea Trevinca (2127 m 6978 ft) located in the Macizo Galaico at the border between Ourense and Len and Zamora provinces. Other tall peaks are Pea Survia (2095 m 6873 ft) Alto do Torno (1942 m 6371 ft) Maluro (925 m 3035 ft) and Os Ancares (821 m 2694 ft).8 There is a ski resort in Cabeza de Manzaneda (1778 metres 5833 ft) in Ourense Province. Hydrography The River Sil passing through Lugo province. Riparian forest on the banks of the River Eume Galicia has so many small rivers that it has been called the "land of the thousand rivers". The most important of the rivers are the Mio and the Sil which has a spectacular canyon. Most of the rivers in the interior are tributaries of the Mio. Other rivers run directly to the Atlantic Ocean or the Cantabrian Sea. Most of these have short courses especially those that run to the Cantabrian Sea. Galicia's many hydroelectric dams take advantage of the steep deep narrow rivers and their canyons. Few of Galicia's rivers are navigable other than the lower portion of the Mio and the portions of various rivers that have been dammed into reservoirs. Some rivers are navigable by small boats in their lower reaches: this is taken great advantage of in a number of semi-aquatic festivals and pilgrimages. Environment Galicia has preserved some of its dense Atlantic forests where wildlife is commonly found. It is relatively unpolluted and its landscape composed of green hills cliffs and rias is very different from what is commonly understood as Spanish landscape. Inland Galicia is less populated having lost people due to migration to the coast and to the major cities of Spain. The terrain is made up of several low mountain ranges crossed by many small rivers. Galicia has had some environmental problems in the modern age. Deforestation is a problem in many areas as is the continual spread of the eucalyptus tree imported for the paper industry. Fauna most notably the European Wolf have suffered because of the actions of livestock owners and farmers. The native deer species have declined because of hunting and development. Recently oil spills have become a major issue especially with the Mar Egeo disaster in A Corua and the Prestige oil spill in 2002 a crude oil spill larger than the Exxon Valdez disaster in Alaska. Flora Galicia has more than 2800 plant species. Plant endemics are represented by 31 taxons. Galicia is one of the more wooded areas of Spain and the majority of Galicia's plantations lack any formal management.9 A few oak forests (known locally as fragas) remain particularly in the north-central part of the province of Lugo and the north of the province of A Corua (Fragas do Eume). Wood and wood products (particularly softwood pulp) figure significantly in Galicia's economy. There is also some farming both crops for direct use and pasture for livestock. Apart from tree plantations Galicia is also notable for the extensive surface occupied by meadows used for animal husbandry (especially cattle) an important activity. Reforestation with eucalyptus (especially Eucalyptus globulus) began in the Francisco Franco era largely on behalf of the paper company ENCE in Pontevedra which wanted it for its pulp. Fauna Galicia has 262 inventoried species of vertebrates including 12 species of freshwater fish 15 amphibians 24 reptiles 152 birds and 59 mammals.10 The animals most often thought of as being "typical" of Galicia are the livestock raised there. The Galician Pony is native to the region as is the Galician Blond cow and the domestic fowl known as the gallina de Mos. The latter is an endangered species although it is showing signs of a comeback since 2001.11 Galicia's woodlands and mountains are home to rabbits hares wild boars and roe deer all of which are popular with hunters. Several important bird migration routes pass through Galicia and some of the community's relatively few environmentally protected areas are Special Protection Areas (such as on the Ra de Ribadeo) for these birds. From a domestic point of view Galicia has been credited for author Manuel Rivas as the "land of one million cows". Galician Blond and Holstein cattle coexist on meadows and farms. Climate Galicia is a perfect example of an Oceanic climate with mild temperatures and rainfall usual throughout the year. Santiago de Compostela for example has an average of 100 days of rain a year. The interior specifically the more mountainous parts of Ourense and Lugo receive significant snowfall during the winter months. In summer Galicia (with its cooler climate) is visited by many tourists from other parts of Spain.citation needed History Main article: History of Galicia History of Galicia This article is part of a series Prehistoric Galicia Gallaeci (Celtic tribe) Roman Gallaecia Suebi Kingdom Brythonic Galicia Kingdom of Galicia The Compostela's Era Galician Modern Age Galicia in the 20th century Galicia at Present Galicia Portal v d e Prehistory The Axeitos dolmen. The Eirs Cave in the municipality of Triacastela (province of Lugo) preserves animal remains and Neanderthal stone objects from the Middle Paleolithic thanks to its alkaline chemistry. There are other remnants of the Middle Paleolithic along the lower Mio and in the Ourense depression. The earliest culture of the region to leave significant architectural traces appears to have been centered around veneration of the dead as intermediaries between deities and the living. The society seems to have been organized in a clan structure. Thousands of Megalithic tumuli12 throughout the territory. Within each tumulus is a stone burial chamber known as a dolmen; the sizes of these chambers vary. Rich mineral deposits led to the development of Bronze Age metallurgy. Utensils and gold and bronze jewelry from Galicia have been found as far away as the far side of the Pyrenees. At this time climate change seems to have driven migration into the region from the vast plateau of Iberia's Meseta Central increasing the population and causing conflict between communities. Before the Roman invasion a series of tribes lived in the region and according to Strabo Pliny Herodotus and others they shared similar Celtic customs. Castro culture There are many Celtic castros around Galicia. Here the Castro (oppida) of Viladonga province of Lugo. The castro culture flourished in the second half of the Iron Age; it was a fusion of Bronze Age culture with later developments and overlapped into the Roman era. One possibility is that the rise of this culture derives from the arrival of the Celts who introduced new techniques of raising livestock introduced the domesticated horse and probably introduced the grain rye. The earliest known Celtic settlement in Galicia was that of the Saefs in the 11th century BCE.13 They conquered the Oestrymnio.13 They brought new religious beliefs political organization and maritime relations extending as far as the British Isles. They were capable fighters; Strabo described them as the most difficult foes the Romans encountered in conquering Lusitania. Reconstruction of a dwelling from the castro culture. The castros date from this era. These were circular hill forts with multiple concentric walls. Usually there was a trench in front of each wall. Major castros were built in the coastal regions of Fazouro Santa Tegra Baroa and O Neixn and in the interior at Castromao and Viladonga. One temple survives from this culture at Elvia near the city of A Corua. The castro at Meirs conserves a necropolis. Other castros from the Sorotaptic culture have small boxlike structures with ashes from cremations and urn burials. There are also other structures partially underground with a container for water where vestiges of fire indicate that these were the crematoria. From the end of the Megalithic era there are inscriptions on granite (petroglyphs) in open air but their origin and significance is unknown. The best known of these are at Campo Lameiro. Roman rule The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137136 BC14 but the province was only superficially Romanized by the time of Augustus. The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources. It was made a province under the name Gallaecia. Under Roman rule the castros lost their defensive value. The Romans brought new technologies new travel routes new forms of organizing property and a new language though they found a fierce opposition from the local inhabitants. This led to a lower degree of "Romanization" than in other areas as well as impeding the introduction of Christianity. Middle Ages Illustration from a Cantigas de Santa Maria manuscript During the invasions of the 5th century Galicia fell to the Suevi in 395 who formed the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe in 411 even before the fall of the Roman Empire. In 584 the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it bringing it under Visigoth control. During this period a British colony-bishopric was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia) populated by Briton immigrants escaping the Anglo-Saxon invasion (see Mailoc). During the Moorish invasion of Spain (711-718) the Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia and this situation remained unchanged up until 739 when Alfonso I of Asturias successfully drove them out of Galicia; and the region was finally assimilated for good to the Kingdom of Asturias. This era consolidated Galicia as a Christian kingdom speaking a Romance language. In the 9th century the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James a major pilgrim road a route for the propagation of Romanesque art and the words and music of the troubadors. During the 9th and 10th centuries the counts of Galicia gave fluctuating obedience to their nominal sovereign and Normans/Vikings occasionally raided the coasts. The Towers of Catoira15 (Pontevedra) were built as a system of fortifications to stop the Viking raids on Santiago de Compostela. In 1063 Ferdinand I of Castile divided his kingdom among his sons. Galicia was allotted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072 it was forcibly reannexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of Castile and from that time Galicia remained part of the Kingdom of Castile and Leon although under varying degrees of self-government. In the 13th century Alfonso X of Castile standardized the Castilian language and made it the language of court and government. Modern era The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The western faade shown here dates largely from the 18th century although the low towers at the corners date back to the Middle Ages. In the dynastic conflict between Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja who was believed to be the illegitimate daughter of Beltrn and the former queen most of the Galician aristocracy supported Joanna. After Isabella's victory she initiated the "Doma y Castracin del Reino de Galicia" that is the "Taming and Castration of the Kingdom of Galicia" (Court Historian Zurita) a process of centralisation. In the face of this development the Galician language began a slow decline that would culminate in the Sculos Escuros ("Obscure Centuries") roughly the 16th through mid-18th centuries when written Galician practically disappeared and the language survived only orally marginalizing Galician-speakers. During the Peninsular War Galicia was one of the most affected areas. However organisation between local people and the British Army led to a very short six-month period of French control. The 1833 territorial division of Spain put a formal end to the Kingdom of Galicia unifying Spain into a single centralized monarchy. Instead of seven provinces and a regional administration Galicia was reorganized into the current four provinces. Although it was recognized as a "historical region" that status was strictly honorific. In reaction Galician regionalist and federalist movements arose. The liberal General Miguel Sols Cuetos led a separatist coup attempt in 1846 against the authoritarian regime of Ramn Mara Narvez. Sols and his forces were defeated at the Battle of Cacheiras 23 April 1846 and the survivors including Sols himself were shot. They have taken their place in Galician memory as the Martyrs of Carral or simply the Martyrs of Liberty. Defeated on the military front Galicians turned to culture. The Rexurdimento focused on recovery of the Galician language as a vehicle of social and cultural expression. Among the writers associated with this movement are Rosala de Castro Manuel Murgua Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro and Eduardo Pondal. Rosala de Castro: her poetry book Cantares gallegos marked the start of the Rexurdimento. In the early 20th century came another turn toward regionalist/federalist politics with Solidaridad Gallega (19071912) modeled on Solidaritat Catalana in Catalonia. Solidaridad Gallega failed but in 1916 Irmandades da Fala ("Brotherhood of the Language") developed first as a cultural association but soon as a full-blown nationalist movement. Vicente Risco and Ramn Otero Pedrayo were outstanding cultural figures of this movement and the magazine Ns ('Us') founded 1920 its most notable cultural institution; Lois Pea Novo the outstanding political figure. The Second Spanish Republic was declared in 1931. During the republic the Partido Galeguista (PG) was the most important of a shifting collection of Galician nationalist parties. Following a referendum on a Galician Statute of Autonomy Galicia was granted the status of an autonomous region starting the path for the constitution of a Galician state into a Spanish federal republic. However because of the Spanish Civil War this was never put into practice. Galicia was spared the worst of the fighting in that war. It was one of the areas where the initial coup attempt at the outset of the war was successful and it remained in Nationalist (Franco's army) hands throughout the war. While there were no pitched battles there was repression and even death: all political parties were abolished as were all labor unions and Galician nationalist organizations. Galicia's statute of autonomy was annulled (as were those of Catalonia and the Basque provinces once those were conquered). According to Carlos Fernndez Santander at least 4200 people were killed either extrajudicially or after summary trials. Victims included the civil governors of all four Galician provinces; Juana Capdevielle the wife of the governor of La Corua; mayors such as ngel Casal of Santiago de Compostela; prominent socialists such as Jaime Quintanilla in Ferrol and Emilio Martnez Garrido in Vigo; Popular Front deputies Antonio Bilbata Jos Miones Daz Villamil Ignacio Seoane and former deputy Heraclio Botana); soldiers who had not joined the rebellion such as Generals Rogelio Caridad Pita and Enrique Salcedo Molinuevo and Admiral Antonio Azarola; and the founders of the PG Alexandre Bveda and Vctor Casas.16 Many others managed to escape into exile. An hrreo in A Corua province. The hrreo is a type of granary typical of northern Spain. General Francisco Franco himself a Galician from Ferrol ruled as dictator from the civil war until his death in 1975. Franco's centralizing regime suppressed any official promotion of the Galician language although its everyday use was never proscribed. Among the attempts at resistance were small leftist guerrilla groups such as those led by Jos Castro Veiga ("El Piloto") and Benigno Andrade ("Foucellas") both of whom were ultimately captured and executed.1718 In the 1960s ministers such as Manuel Fraga Iribarne introduced some reforms allowing technocrats affiliated with Opus Dei to modernize administration in a way that facilitated capitalist economic development. However for decades Galicia was largely confined to the role of a supplier of raw materials and energy to the rest of Spain causing environmental havoc and leading to a wave of migration to Venezuela and to various parts of Europe. Fenosa the monopolistic supplier of electricity built hydroelectric dams flooding many Galician river valleys. The Galician economy finally began to modernize with a Citron factory in Vigo the modernization of the canning industry and the fishing fleet and eventually a modernization of small peasant farming practices especially in the production of cows' milk. In the province of Ourense businessman and politician Eulogio Gmez Franqueira gave impetus to the raising of livestock and poultry by establishing the Cooperativa Orensana S.A. (Coren). During the last decade of Franco's rule there was a renewal of nationalist feeling in Galicia. The early 1970s were a time of unrest among university students workers and farmers. In 1972 general strikes in Vigo and Ferrol cost the lives of Amador Rey and Daniel Niebla.19 That same year the bishop of Mondoedo-Ferrol Miguel Anxo Araxo Iglesias wrote a pastoral letter that was not well received by the Franco regime about a demonstration in Bazn (Ferrol) where two workers died.20 The River Avia passing through Ribadavia (Ourense province) just above its junction with the Mio. As part of the transition to democracy upon the death of Franco in 1975 Galicia regained its status as an autonomous region within Spain with the Statute of Autonomy of 1981 which begins "Galicia historical nationality is constituted as an Autonomous Community to access to its self-government in agreement with the Spanish Constitution and with the present Statute (...)". Varying degrees of nationalist or independentist sentiment are evident at the political level. The only nationalist party of any electoral significance the Bloque Nacionalista Galego or BNG is a conglomerate of left-wing parties and individuals that claims Galician political status as a nation. From 1990 to 2005 Manuel Fraga former minister and ambassador in the Franco dictature presided over the Galician autonomous government the Xunta de Galicia. Fraga was associated with the Partido Popular (PP 'People's Party' Spain's main national conservative party) since its founding. In 2002 when the oil tanker Prestige sank and covered the Galician coast in oil Fraga was accused by the grassroots movement 'Nunca Mais' of having been unwilling to react. In the 2005 Galician elections the 'People's Party' lost its absolute majority though remaining (barely) the largest party in the parliament with 43% of the total votes. As a result power passed to a coalition of the Partido dos Socialistas de Galicia (PSdeG) ('Galician Socialists' Party') a federal sister-party of Spain's main social-democratic party the Partido Socialista Obrero Espaol (PSOE 'Spanish Socialist Workers Party') and the nationalist Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG). As the senior partner in the new coalition the PSdeG nominated its leader Emilio Perez Tourio to serve as Galicia's new president with Anxo Quintana the leader of BNG as its vice-president. In 2009 the PSdG-BNG coalition lost the elections and the government went back to the People's Party (conservative) which will govern until 2013. Alberto Nez Feijo (PP) is now Galicia's president. It must be said that the PSdG-BNG coalition actually obtained the most of votes. Language Main article: Galician language Percentage of Galician-speakers by municipality according to the Instituto Gallego de Estadstica 2001. In general the percentage is lowest in the urban areas. Linguistic map of the Galician language. Galicia has two official languages: Galician (Galician: Galego) and Spanish (known in Spain as castellano "Castilian"). Galician is recognized in the Statute of Autonomy of Galicia as the lingua propia (a term comparable to "mother language") of Galicia. Galician is related to Portuguese. Both descend from a Romance language of the Middle Ages now referred to as Galician-Portuguese. The independence of Portugal since the late Middle Ages has favored the divergence of the Galician and Portuguese languages.21 The official Galician language has been standardized by the Real Academia Galega on the basis of literary tradition. Although there are local dialects Galician media conform to this standard form which is also used in primary secondary and university education. There are more than three million Galician speakers in the world21 placing Galician just barely among the 150 most widely spoken languages on earth.4 Spanish was nonetheless the only official language in Galicia for more than four centuries. Over the many centuries of Castilian domination Galician faded from day-to-day use in urban areas. The period since the re-establishment of democracy in Spainin particular since the Ley de Normalizacin Lingstica ("Law of Linguistic Normalization" Ley 3/1983 15 June 1983)represents the first time since the introduction of mass education that a generation has attended school in Galician (Spanish is also still taught in Galician schools). Nowadays Galician is resurgent though in the cities it remains a "second language" for most. According to a 2001 census 99.16 percent of the populace of Galicia understand the language 91.04 percent speak it 68.65 percent read it and 57.64 percent write it.22 The first two numbers (understanding and speaking) remain roughly the same as a decade earlier; the latter two (reading and writing) both show enormous gains: a decade earlier only 49.3 percent of the population could read Galician and only 34.85 percent could write it. This fact can be easily explained because of the impossibility of teaching Galician during the Francisco Franco era so older people speak the language but have no written competence.22 Galician is the highest-percentage spoken language in its region among the minority languages of Spain. The earliest known document in Galician-Portuguese dates from 1228. The "Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas" was granted by Alfonso IX of Castile to the Ourensian town of Allariz.23 A distinct Galician Literature emerged after the Middle Ages. In the 13th century important contributions were made to the romance canon in Galician-Portuguese. The most notable were by the troubadour Martn Codax by King Denis of Portugal and by King Alfonso X of Castile Alfonso O Sabio ("Alfonso the Wise") the same monarch who began the process of establishing the hegemony of Castilian. During this period Galician-Portuguese was considered the language of love poetry in the Iberian Romance linguistic culture. The names and memories of Codax and other popular cultural figures are well preserved in modern Galicia and despite the long period of Castilian linguistic domination these names are again household words. Government and politics Regional government The Pazo de Raxoi official seat of the presidency of the Xunta de Galicia. Galicia This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Galicia Statute of Autonomy 1936 1981 Executive Xunta de Galicia President Vice President Cabinet Legislative Parliament President Judiciary High Court of Galicia Elections Political parties Last election Divisions National Provinces Regional Comarcas Municipalities Other countries  Atlas Politics portal view talk Galicia has partial self-governance in the form of a devolved government established on 16 March 1978 and reinforced by the Galician Statute of Autonomy ratified on 28 April 1981. There are three branches of government: the executive branch the Xunta de Galicia consisting of the President and the other independently elected councillors;24 the legislative branch consisting of the Galician Parliament; and the judicial branch consisting of the High Court of Galicia and lower courts. Executive Main article: Xunta de Galicia The Xunta de Galicia is a collective entity with executive and administrative power. It consists of the President a vice president and twelve councillors. Administrative power is largely delegated to dependent bodies. The Xunta also coordinates the activities of the provincial councils (deputaciones). The President of the Xunta directs and coordinates the actions of the Xunta. He or she is simultaneously the representative of the autonomous community and of the Spanish state in Galicia. He or she is a member of the parliament and is elected by its deputies and then formally named by the monarch of Spain. Legislative Main article: Parliament of Galicia The Galician Parliament25 consists of 75 deputies elected by universal adult suffrage under a system of proportional representation. The franchise includes even Galicians who reside abroad. Elections occur every four years. The last election of 2 May 2009 resulted in the following distribution of seats: Partido Popular de Galicia (PPdeG): 38 deputies (47.11%) Partido Socialista de Galicia (PSdeG-PSOE): 25 deputies (29.92%) Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG): 12 deputies (16.58%) Judicial Main article: High Court of Galicia Local government There are 315 municipalities (municipios) in Galicia each of which is run by a mayor-council government known as a concello. There is a further subdivision of local government known as an Entidad local menor; Each has its own council (junta vecinal) and mayor (alcalde pedneo). There are nine of these in Galicia: Arcos da Condesa Bembrive Camposancos Chenlo Morgadans Pazos de Reis Queimadelos Vilasobroso and Beran. National government Galicia's interests are represented at national level by 25 elected deputies in the Congress of Deputies and 19 senators in the Senate - of these 16 are elected and 3 are appointed by the Galician parliament. Administrative divisions Prior to the 1833 territorial division of Spain Galicia was divided into seven administrative provinces:26 A Corua Santiago Betanzos Mondoedo Lugo Ourense Tui From 1833 the seven original provinces of the 15th century were consolidated into four: A Corua Ourense Pontevedra Lugo Provinces of Galicia (location maps) A Corua Lugo Ourense Pontevedra Galicia is further divided into 53 comarcas 315 municipalities and 3778 parishes. Municipalities are divided into parishes which may be further divided into aldeas ("hamlets") or lugares ("places"). This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain. Roughly half of the named population entities of Spain are in Galicia which occupies only 5.8 percent of the country's area. It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places over 40000 of them being communities.27 Public services Health care Main article: Servizo Galego de Sade Galicia's public healthcare system is the Servizo Galego de Sade (SERGAS). It is administered by the regional government's Ministry of Health. Education Galicia's education system is administered by the regional government's Ministry of Education and University Administration. 76% of Galician teenagers achieve a high school degree - ranked fifth out of the 17 autonomous communities. There are three public universities in Galicia: University of A Corua University of Santiago de Compostela and the University of Vigo. Economy Main article: Economy of Galicia In comparison to the other regions of Spain the major economic benefit of Galacia is its fishing Industry. Galicia is a land of economic contrast. While the western coast with its major population centers and its fishing and manufacturing industries is prosperous and increasing in population the rural hinterland the provinces of Ourense and Lugo are economically dependent on traditional agriculture based on small landholdings called minifundios. However the rise of tourism sustainable forestry and organic and traditional agriculture are bringing other possibilities to the Galician economy without compromising the preservation of the natural resources and the local culture. Traditionally Galicia depended mainly on agriculture and fishing. Reflecting that history the Community Fisheries Control Agency which coordinates fishing controls in European Union waters is based in Vigo. Nonetheless today the tertiary sector of the economy (the service sector) is the largest with 582000 workers out of a regional total of 1072000 (as of 2002). The secondary sector (manufacturing) includes shipbuilding in Vigo and Ferrol textiles and granite work in A Corua. A Corua also manufactures automobiles but not nearly on the scale of the automobile manufacturing in Vigo. The Centro de Vigo de PSA Peugeot Citron founded in 1958 makes about 450000 vehicles annually (455430 in 2006);28 a Citron C4 Picasso made in 2007 was their nine-millionth vehicle.29 A Zara store in Hong Kong. Zara is a brand of Inditex based in Arteixo (A Corua province). Arteixo an industrial municipality in the A Corua metropolitan area is the headquarters of Inditex Europe's largest textile company and the world's second largest. Of their eight brands Zara is the best-known; indeed it is the best-known Spanish brand of any sort on an international basis.30 For 2007 Inditex had 9435 million euros in sales for a net profit of 1250 million euros.31 The company president Amancio Ortega is the richest person in Spain32 with a net worth of 21.5 billion euros.33 Galicia is home to the savings bank Novacaixagalicia and to Spain's two oldest commercial banks Banco Etcheverra (the oldest) and Banco Pastor. Galicia was late to catch the tourism boom that has swept Spain in recent decades but the coastal regions (especially the Ras Baixas and Santiago de Compostela) are now significant tourist destinations. In 2007 5.7 million tourists visited Galicia an 8 percent growth over the previous year and part of a continual pattern of growth in this sector.34 85 percent of touristas who visit Galicia visit Santiago de Compostela.34 Tourism constitutes 12 percent of the Galician GDP and employs between 12 and 13 percent of the regional workforce.34 Demographics Population Galicia's inhabitants are known as Galicians (Galician: galegos). For well over a century Galicia has grown more slowly than the rest of Spain due largely to emigration to Latin America and to other parts of Spain. Sometimes Galicia has lost population in absolute terms. In 1857 Galicia had Spain's densest population and constituted 11.49 percent of the national population. As of 2007 only 6.13 percent of the Spanish population resides in the autonomous community. This is due to the diaspora galician people was forced to since the nineteenth century first to South America and later to Central Europe. It is commonly noted that Galicians Irish Mongolians Armenians and Jews exist in greater numbers outside their respective territories than inside them.citation needed According to the 2006 census Galicia has a fertility rate of 1.03 children per woman compared to 1.38 nationally and far below the figure of 2.1 that represents a stable populace.35 Lugo and Ourense provinces have the lowest fertility rates in Spain 0.88 and 0.93 respectively.35 Within the region the A Corua-Ferrol metropolitan area has become increasingly dominant in terms of population. The population of the city of A Corua in 1900 was 43971. The population of the rest of the province including the City and Naval Station of nearby Ferrol and Santiago de Compostela was 653556. A Corua's growth occurred after the Spanish Civil War at the same speed as other major Galician cities but it was the arrival of democracy in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco when A Corua left all the other Galician cities behind. The rapid increase of population of Vigo A Corua and to a lesser degree Santiago de Compostela and other major Galician cities during the years that followed the Spanish Civil War during the mid 20th century occurred as the rural population declined: many villages and hamlets of the four provinces of Galicia disappeared or nearly disappeared during the same period. Economic development and mechanization of agriculture resulted in the fields being abandoned and most of the population has moving to find jobs in the main cities. The number of people working in the Tertiary and Quaternary sectors of the economy has increased significantly. Since 1999 the absolute number of births in Galicia has been increasing. In 2006 21392 births were registered in Galicia36 300 more than in 2005 according to the Instituto Gallego de Estadstica. Since 1981 the Galician life expectancy has increased by 5 years thanks to a higher quality of life.37 Birth rate (2006): 7.9 per 1000 (all of Spain: 11.0 per 1000) Death rate (2006): 10.8 per 1000 (all of Spain: 8.4 per 1000) Life expectancy at birth (2005): 80.4 years (all of Spain: 80.2 years) Male: 76.8 years (all of Spain: 77.0 years) Female: 84.0 years (all of Spain: 83.5 years) Source:38 Urbanization The principal cities are Vigo A Corua Ourense Lugo Pontevedra Ferrol and Santiago de Compostela the capital and archiepiscopal seat. The largest conurbations are: A Corua-Ferrol 600000 Vigo-Pontevedra 660000 List of towns in Galicia by population City/Town Province Population (2009) City/Town Province Population (2009) 1 Vigo Pontevedra 297332   11 Carballo A Corua 30990 2 A Corua A Corua 246056   12 Redondela Pontevedra 30001 3 Ourense Ourense 107742   13 Arteixo A Corua 29762 4 Lugo Lugo 96678   14 Culleredo A Corua 28227 5 Santiago de Compostela A Corua 95092   15 Ribeira A Corua 27518 6 Pontevedra Pontevedra 81576   16 Ames A Corua 26983 7 Ferrol A Corua 74273   17 Marn Pontevedra 25969 8 Narn A Corua 37712   18 Cangas de Morrazo Pontevedra 25748 9 Vilagarca de Arousa Pontevedra 37576   19 Cambre A Corua 23231 10 Oleiros A Corua 33443   20 Ponteareas Pontevedra 23172 Migration Like most of Western Europe Galicia's history has been defined by mass emigration. There was significant Galician emigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to the industrialized Spanish cities of Barcelona Bilbao Zaragoza and Madrid and to Latin America - Argentina Uruguay Venezuela Brazil and Cuba in particular. One notable example of that emigration is that of Fidel Castro whose father was a Galician immigrant and mother was of Galician descent. The two cities with the greatest number of people of Galician descent outside of Galicia itself are Buenos Aires Argentina and nearby Montevideo Uruguay where immigration from Galicia was so significant that Argentines and Uruguayans now commonly refer to all Spaniards as gallegos (Galicians).39 During the Franco years there was a new wave of emigration out of Galicia to other European countries most notably to France Germany Switzerland and the United Kingdom. There are many expatriate communities throughout the world and many have their own groups or clubs. Galician immigration is so widespread that websites such as Fillos de Galicia were created in order to organize and inform Galicians throughout the world. The proportion of foreign-born people in Galicia is only 2.9 percent compared to a national figure of 10 percent; among the autonomous communities only Extremadura has a lower percentage of immigrants.40 Of the foreign nationals resident in Galicia 17.93 percent are Portuguese 10.93 percent Colombian and 8.74 percent Brazilian.4 Culture Literature As with many other Romance languages Galician emerged as a literary language in the Middle Ages. However in the face of the hegemony of Castilian Spanish during the so-called Sculos Escuros ("Dark Centuries") it fell from literary use revived only during the 19th century Rexurdimento with such writers as Rosala de Castro Manuel Murgua Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro and Eduardo Pondal. In the 20th century before the Spanish Civil War the Irmandades da Fala ("Brotherhood of the Language") and Grupo Ns included such writers as Vicente Risco Ramn Cabanillas and Castelao. Public use of Galician was largely suppressed during the Franco dictatorship but has been resurgent since the restoration of democracy. Contemporary writers in Galician include Xos Lus Mndez Ferrn Manuel Rivas and Suso de Toro. Cuisine Main article: Galician cuisine Wines of Galicia with Denominacin de Origen Mariscada Queimada drink Galician cuisine often uses fish and shellfish. The empanada is a meat or fish pie with a bread-like base top and crust with the meat or fish filling usually being in a tomato sauce including onions and garlic. It has Celtic influence. Caldo Galego is a hearty soup whose main ingredients are potatoes and a local vegetable named grelo (Broccoli rabe). The latter is also employed in Lacn con grelos a typical Carnival dish consisting of pork shoulder boiled with grelos potatoes and chorizo (pork sausage). Centolla is the equivalent of King Crab. It is prepared by being boiled alive having its main body opened like a shell and then having its innards mixed vigorously. Another popular dish is octopus boiled (traditionally in a copper pot) and served in a wooden plate cut into small pieces and laced with olive oil sea salt and pimentn (Spanish paprika). This dish is called Pulpo a la gallega or in Galician "Polbo Feira" which roughly translates as "Octopus Galician style". There are several regional varieties of cheese. The best known one is the so-called tetilla named after its breast-like shape. Other highly regarded varieties include the San Simn cheese from Vilalba and the creamy cheese produced in the Arza-Curtis area. The latter area produces also high-quality beef. A classical dessert is filloas crpe-like pancakes made with flour broth and eggs. When cooked at a pig slaughter festival they may also contain the animal's blood. A famous almond cake called Tarta de Santiago (St. James' cake) is a Galician sweet speciality mainly produced in Santiago de Compostela. Galicia has 30 products with Denominacin de Origen (D.O.) some of them with Denominacin de Origen Protegida (D.O.P.).41 D.O. and D.O.P. are part of a system of regulation of quality and geographical origin among Spain's finest producers. Galicia produces a number of high-quality wines including Albario Ribeiro Ribeira Sacra and Valdeorras. The grape varieties used are local and rarely found outside Galicia and Northern Portugal. Just as notably from Galicia comes the spirit Aguardentethe name means burning wateroften referred to as Orujo in Spain and internationally or as caa in Galicia. This spirit is made from the distillation of the pomace of grapes. Sport As in the rest of Spain football is the most popular sport in Galicia. Deportivo de La Corua from the city of A Corua is the region's most successful club and is currently (201011 season) Galicia's only representative in the top flight of the national championship La Liga. Celta de Vigo from Vigo are also a major club and are Deportivo's principal regional rivals. When the two sides play it is referred to as the Galician derby. SD Compostela from Santiago de Compostela and Racing de Ferrol from Ferrol are two other notable club sides. Similarly to Catalonia and the Basque Country Galicia also periodically fields a regional team against international opposition (see Galicia autonomous football team). Other popular sports in Galicia include futsal (a variety of indoor football) handball and basketball. Galicia is also noted for a great tradition of aquatic sports both in the sea and in rivers sports such as rowing yachting canoeing or surfing are very popular. Contemporary music Pop/rock Los Suaves: hard rock/heavy metal band active since the early 1980s from Ourense Deluxe: pop/rock band from A Corua led by Xoel Lpez Los Limones: indie rock/indie pop/post-rock group from El Ferrol led by Ferrol born Santi Santos active since the early '80s42 Siniestro Total: one of the most well-known punk bands to ever appear in Spain Los Piratas: pop/rock band from Vigo led by Ivn Ferreiro who started a successful solo career in 2003 Os Resentidos: one of the most popular Galician bands of the 1980s led by Antn Reixa Heredeiros da Crus: the most successful rock band singing in Galician lenguage. Catpeople: a band based in Vigo who has been compared with Joy Division and Interpol. Tringulo de Amor Bizarro: indie rock Nadadora: indie pop Folk/traditional based music Luar na Lubre: a band inspired by traditional Celtic music. They have collaborated with Mike Oldfield and other musicians. Carlos Nuez: one of the most recognised pipers all over the world. He has also collaborated with a great number of artists being notable his long-term friendship with The Chieftains. Susana Seivane: virtuoso piper. She descends from a family of pipe makers and stated she preferred pipes instead of dolls during her childhood. Milladoiro Berrogeto Fuxan os Ventos Cristina Pato and many others proved that galician music is in a good health. Gaiteiros Public holidays Da de San Xos (St. Joseph's Day) on 19 March (strictly religious) Da do Traballo (May Day) on 1 May Da das Letras Galegas (Galician Literature Day) on 17 May Da da Patria Galega (Galicia's National Day) also known as St. James the Apostle Day on 25 July Da da Nosa Seora (Day of Our Lady) on 15 August (strictly religious) Festivals Festa do Corpus Christi in Ponteareas has been observed since 1857 on the weekend following Corpus Christi (a movable feast) and is known for its floral carpets. It was declared a Festival of Touristic Interest in 1968 and a Festival of National Touristic Interest in 1980. Arde Lucus in June celebrates the Celtic and Roman history of the city of Lugo with recreations of a Celtic weddings Roman circus etc. Rapa das Bestas ("shearing of the beasts") in Sabucedo the first weekend in July is the most famous of a number of rapas in Galicia and was declared a Festival of National Touristic Interest in 1963. Wild colts are driven down from the mountains and brought to a closed area known as a curro where their manes are cut and the animals are marked and assisted after a long winter in the hills. In Sabucedo unlike in other rapas the aloitadores ("fighters") each take on their task with no assistance. Festival de Ortigueira (Ortigueira's Festival of Celtic World) lasts four days in July in Ortigueira. First celebrated 19781987 and revived in 1995 the festival is based in Celtic culture folk music and the encounter of different peoples throughout Spain and the world. Attended by over 100000 people it is considered a Festival of National Touristic Interest. Festa da Dorna 24 July in Ribeira. Founded 1948 declared a Galician Festival of Touristic Interest in 2005. Originally founded as a joke by a group of friends it includes the Gran Prix de Carrilanas a regatta of hand-made boats; the Icarus Prize for Unmotorized Flight; and a musical competition the Cancin de Tasca. Festas do Apstolo Santiago (Festas of the Apostle James): the events in honor of the patron saint of Galicia last for half a month. The religious celebrations take place 24 July. Celebrants set off fireworks including a pyrotechnic castle in the form of the faade of the cathedral. Romera Vikinga de Catoira ("Viking Pilgrimage of Catoira") first Sunday in August is a secular festival that has occurred since 1960 and was declared a Festival of International Touristic Interest in 2002. It commemorates the historic defense of Galicia and the treasures of Santiago de Compostela from Norman and Saracen pirate attacks. Feira Franca first weekend of September in Pontevedra recreates an open market that first occurred in 1467. The fair commemorates the height of Pontevedra's prosperigin in the 15th and 16th centuries through historical recreation theater animation and demonstration of artisanal activities. Held annually since 2000. Festa de San Froiln 412 October celebrating the patron saint of the city of Lugo. A Festival of National Touristic Interest the festival was attended by 1035000 people in 2008.43 It is most famous for the booths serving polbo feira an octopus dish. Festa do marisco (Seafood festival) October in O Grove. Established 1963; declared a Festival of National Touristic Interest in the 1980s. Bullfighting has no tradition at all in Galicia. In 2009 only 8 corridas out of the 1848 held throughout Spain took place within Galicia. In addition recent studies have stated that 92% of Galicians are firmly against bullfighting the highest rate of the country even more than Catalonia.citation needed Despite this popular associations such as Galicia Mellor Sen Touradas-Galicia Better without Bullfights have blamed politicians for having no compromise in order to abolish it and have been very critical of local councils' especially those governed by the PP and PSOE payment of subsidies for corridas. Transportation Airports Control tower Santiago de Compostela Airport. Galicia's principal airport is the Santiago de Compostela Airport the only Galician airport with intercontinental flights. With 1943900 passengers in 2009 it connects to cities in Spain as well as several major European cities - a scheduled service to Caracas and Buenos Aires has been proposed. There are two other commercial-aviation airports in Galicia: Vigo-Peinador Airport which in 2008 had 1278762 passengers it connects to cities in Spain and to London Paris and Brussels. The A Corua Airport had 1174970 passengers in 2008; it connects around Spain to Lisbon and a highly flown line to London. Ports Port of Vigo with the Ces Islands in the background. The most important Galician port is the Port of Vigo which is one of the world's leading fishing ports with an annual catch worth 1500 million euros.4445 In 2007 the port took in 732951 metric tons (721375 LT; 807940 ST) of fish and seafood and about 4000000 metric tons (3900000 LT; 4400000 ST) of other cargoes. Other important ports are Ferrol A Corua and the smaller ports of Marn and Vilagarca de Arousa as well as important recreational ports in Pontevedra and Burela. Beyond these Galicia has 120 other organized ports. Roads Autopista AP-9 as it passes through Vigo. The Galician road network includes autopistas and autovas connecting the major cities as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The Autova A-6 connects A Corua and Lugo to Madrid entering Galicia at Pedrafita do Cebreiro. The Autova A-52 connects Vigo Ourense and Benavente and enters Galicia at A Gudia. Two more autovas are under construction. Autova A-8 enters Galicia on the Cantabrian coast and ends in Baamonde (Lugo province). Autova A-76 enters Galicia in Valdeorras; it is an upgrade of the existing N-120 to Ourense and Vigo. Within Galicia are the Autopista AP-9 from Ferrol to Vigo and the Autopista AP-53 (also known as AG-53 because it was initially built by the Xunta de Galicia) from Santiago to Ourense. Additional roads under construction include Autova A-54 from Santiago de Compostela to Lugo and Autova A-56 from Lugo to Ourense. The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting comarcal capitals such as the aforementioned AG-53 or Autova AG-55 connecting A Corua to Carballo. Railways Existing rail lines in Galicia. The first railway line in Galicia was inaugurated 15 September 1873. It ran from O Carril Vilagarca de Arousa to Cornes Conxo Santiago de Compostela. A second line was inaugurated in 1875 connecting A Corua and Lugo. In 1883 Galicia was first connected by rail to the rest of Spain by way of O Barco de Valdeorras. Galicia today has roughly 1100 kilometres (680 mi) of rail lines. Several Iberian gauge (1668 mm) lines operated by Adif and Renfe Operadora connect all the important Galician cities. A metre gauge (1000 mm) line operated by FEVE connects Ferrol to Ribadeo and Oviedo. The only electrified line is the Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo line. Several AVE high speed train lines are under construction. Among these are the Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia scheduled to open in 2012 which will connect Santiago and Ourense to Madrid and the AVE Atlantic Axis route which will connect all of the major Galician Atlantic coast cities to Portugal. Other projected AVE lines are Vigo-Monforte and A Corua-Len. Media Television Televisin de Galicia (TVG) is the autonomous community's public channel which has broadcast since 24 July 1985 and is part of the Compaa de Radio-Televisin de Galicia (CRTVG). TVG broadcasts throughout Galicia and has two international channels Galicia Televisin Europa and Galicia Televisin Amrica available throughout the European Union and the Americas through Hispasat. CRTVG also broadcasts a digital terrestrial television (DTT) channel known as tvG2 and is considering adding further DTT channels with a 24-hour news channel projected for 2010. Radio Radio Galega (RG) is the autonomous community's public radio station and is part of CRTVG. Radio Galega began broadcasting 24 February 1985 with regular programming starting 29 March 1985. There are two regular broadcast channels: Radio Galega and Radio Galega Msica. In addition there is a DTT and internet channel Son Galicia Radio dedicated specifically to Galician music. Press The most widely distributed newspaper in Galicia is La Voz de Galicia with 12 local editions and a national edition. Other major newspapers are El Correo Gallego (Santiago de Compostela) Faro de Vigo (Vigo) El Progreso (Lugo) La Regin (Ourense) and Galicia Hoxe - The first daily newspaper to publish exclusively in Galician. Other newspapers of note are Atlntico Diario in the Vigo metropolitan area the free De luns a venres (the first free daily in Galician) the sports paper DxT Campen El Ideal Gallego from A Corua the Heraldo de Vivero the Xornal de Galicia and the Diario de Ferrol. Notable Galicians Main article: List of notable Galicians Honour Galicia Peak in Vinson Massif Antarctica is named after the autonomous community of Galicia.46 Image gallery Galicia gallery Rax Pontevedra Wall of Lugo Lugo Cathedral reloxio tower Tower of Hercules A Corua See also Galician music Galician people Galician wine Nationalities in Spain Galician nationalism Timeline of Galician History Way of St. James (Camio de Santiago) References This article incorporates information from the revision as of 2010-02-15 of the equivalent article on the Spanish Wikipedia. This article incorporates information from the revision as of 2010-02-24 of the equivalent article on the Galician Wikipedia. Fraga Xess (2008-06-08). "La Academia contesta a la Xunta que el nico topnimo oficial es Galicia The Academy responds to the Xunta saying that the only official toponym is Galicia". La Voz de Galicia. http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/galicia/2008/06/08/00036886803.htm.  Lujn Eugenio R. (2000): "Ptolemy's 'Callaecia' and the language(s) of the 'Callaeci' in Ptolemy: towards a linguistic atlas of the earliest Celtic place-names of Europe : papers from a workshop sponsored by the British Academy Dept. of Welsh University of Wales Aberystwyth 1112 April 1999 pp. 55-72. Parsons and Patrick Sims-Williams editors. Paredes Xon (2000): "Curiosities across the Atlantic: a brief summary of some of the Irish-Galician classical folkloric similarities nowadays. Galician singularities for the Irish" in Chimera Dept. of Geography University College Cork Ireland a b c d e Galicia 08 Junta de Galicia Consejera de Cultura y Deporte. Ras Baixas Naturaleza riasbaixas.depo.es Ras Baixas Turismo (brochure). Cabo Tourin es el extremo ms occidental ElCorreoGallego.es. Retrieved 2008-11-24. La Xunta elabora un inventario de islas para su posible compra. FaroDeVigo.es. Retrieved 2009-01-22. La Voz de Galicia 10-08-2008. Paula Prez El desorden de los bosques FaroDeVigo.es. Retrieved 2010-02-17. Enciclopedia Galega Universal (online version) La 'galia de Mos' aumenta su censo de 100 a 5.500 ejemplares en siete aos aunque sigue en peligro de extincin www.europapress.es 2008-06-21. Antonio de la Pea Santos Los orgenes del asentamiento humano (chapters 1 and 2 of the book Historia de Pontevedra A Corua:Editorial Va Lctea 1996. p. 23. a b Juan Jess Martn Tardo Ponteceso (A Corua) www.corme.net p. 104. Livy lv. lvi. Epitome Eduardo Loureiro. "Viking Festival webpage". Catoira.net. http://www.catoira.net. Retrieved 2010-04-26.  "Proposicin no de ley del PSdeG-PSOE en el Parlamento de Galicia sobre Memoria Histrica" (PDF). http://www.parlamentodegalicia.es/sites/ParlamentoGalicia/BibliotecaBoletinsOficiais/B70262.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-26.  Ernesto S. Pombo El ltimo guerrillero antifranquista El Pas 1986-03-10. Retrieved 2010-02-18. Carlos Fernndez La crcel acogi a huspedes histricos La Voz de Galicia 2005-10-20. Retrieved 2010-02-18. Mara Jos Portero Las huelgas ms importantes El Pas 1984-03-04. Retrieved 2008-11-02. Muere en Ourense a los 87 aos el obispo emrito de Mondoedo Miguel Anxo Arajo La Regin 2007-07-23. Retrieved 2008-11-03. a b Galician) Ethnologue. Retrieved 2010-02-19. a b Plano Xeral de Normalizacin da lingua galega Xunta de Galicia. (In Galician.) p. 38. O Foro do bo burgo do Castro Caldelas dado por Afonso IX in 1228 Consello da Cultura Galega. Retrieved 2010-02-19. "Estatuto de Autonoma de Galicia. Ttulo I: Del Poder Gallego". Xunta.es. 2009-10-01. http://www.xunta.es/estatutolanges#T1. Retrieved 2010-04-26.  "Parlamento de Galicia By Party". Parlamento de Galicia. http://www.parlamentodegalicia.com/contenido/ING/pags/grupopa.htm. Retrieved 27 November 2006. "Parliament of Galicia Composition" dead link The seven silver crosses on the coat of arms of Galicia refer to these seven historic provinces. Manuel Bragado Microtoponimia Xornal de Galicia 2005-09-05. Retrieved 2010-02-21. Centro Vigo de PSA produjo 455.430 vehculos en 2006 el 7% ms 2006-12-21. Retrieved 2010-02-18. Nueve millones de coches made in Vigo FaroDeVigo.es 2007-09-12. Retrieved 2008-11-09. Zara la marca espaola ms conocida en el exterior www.finanzzas.com 2008-04-03. Inditex gana un 25% ms y aumentar un 15% la superficie disponible hasta 2010 www.cincodias.com 2008-03-31. Amancio Ortega se refuerza en Acerinox y BBVA; entra en Iberdrola e Inbess Cotizalia.com 2007-05-30. Amancio Ortega ya tiene 21.500 millones El Pas 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2008-11-12. a b c Galicia recibi un 8% ms de turistas durante el 2007 LaVozDeGalicia.es 2008-01-02. Retrieved 2008-11-03. a b As lucenses son as que menos fillos teen en Espaa Galicia-Hoxe.com. Aumentan los nacimientos en Galicia pero el saldo vegetativo sigue negativo www.galiciae.com 2005-05-28. Carlos Punzn La esperanza de vida se increment en Galicia en cinco aos desde 1981 LaVozDeGalicia.es 2007-10-29. Retrieved 2008-11-29. Indicadores demogrficos bsicos INE "Gallegos" (in Spanish). Real Academia Espanola. http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsultaTIPOBUS3&LEMAgallego.  Poblacin por nacionalidad comunidades y provincias sexo y edad INE Denominaciones de Origen y Indicaciones Geogrficas Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Select "Galicia" in the dropdown. Retrieved 2010-02-22. "Los Limones del Caribe". Maketon.com. http://www.maketon.com/loslimones/biografia/151. Retrieved 2010-04-26.  "O San Froiln atraeu a Lugo a mis dun milln de persoas". Elprogreso.galiciae.com. http://elprogreso.galiciae.com/nova/18491.html. Retrieved 2010-04-26.  El Barrio Marinero www.galiciaparaelmundo.com. Antoinio Figueras Y an dicen que el pescado es caro! weblogs.madrimasd.org/cienciamarina Galicia Peak. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Galicia (Spain) (category) Petroglyphs from Galicia Irish genes from Galicia Walking the Camino de Santiago A Guide The end of the Camino at Santiago and also Cape Finisterre Galicia's National Tourism Board Photographs of Galicia Videos from Galicia Rural tourism in Galicia Photograph of forest fire in Galicia Landscape photographs of Galicia v d eAutonomies of Spain Autonomous communities Andalusia  Aragon  Asturias  Balearic Islands  Basque Country  Canary Islands  Cantabria  Castile-La Mancha  Castile and Len  Catalonia  Extremadura  Galicia  Madrid  Murcia  Navarre  La Rioja  Valencian Community Autonomous cities Ceuta  Melilla Plazas de soberana Islas Chafarinas  Pen de Alhucemas  Pen de Vlez de la Gomera v d eList of the Spanish Costas Costa de Almera  Costa del Azahar  Costa Blanca  Costa Brava  Costa Clida  Costa Daurada  Costa de Granada  Costa de la Luz  Costa do Marisco  Costa da Morte  Costa del Sol  Costa Vasca  Costa Verde v d eRoman Catholic dioceses in Galicia Diocese of Ourense   Diocese of Tui-Vigo   Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela   Diocese of Mondoedo-Ferrol   Diocese of Lugo v d eCities in Galicia Santiago de Compostela  A Corua  Vigo  Pontevedra  Ferrol  Lugo  Ourense v d eRegions (Comarcas) of Galicia A Baixa Limia  A Barcala  A Corua  A Fonsagrada  A Limia  A Maria Central  A Maria Occidental  A Maria Oriental  A Paradanta  A Ulloa  Allariz - Maceda  Arza  Bergantios  Betanzos  Caldas  Chantada  Ferrol  Fisterra  Lugo  Meira  Muros  Noia  O Baixo Mio  O Barbanza  O Carballio  O Condado  O Deza  O Eume  O Morrazo  O Ribeiro  O Salns  O Sar  Ordes  Ortegal  Os Ancares  Ourense  Pontevedra  Quiroga  Santiago  Sarria  Tabeirs - Terra de Montes  Terra Ch  Terra de Caldelas  Terra de Celanova  Terra de Lemos  Terra de Melide  Terra de Soneira  Terra de Trives  Valdeorras  Vern  Viana  Vigo  Xallas