Grenada (pronounced /rned/ ( listen)) is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago northeast of Venezuela and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Grenada is also known as the "Island of Spice" due to the production of nutmeg and mace crops of which Grenada is one of the world's largest exporters. Its size is 344 square kilometres (133 sq mi) with an estimated population of 110000. Its capital is St. George's. The national bird of Grenada is the critically endangered Grenada Dove. Contents 1 History 1.1 Pre-History and Early European Contacts 1.2 French Colony:1649-1763 1.3 British Colony:1763-1950 1.4 Towards Independence:1950-1974 1.5 Independence and revolution:1974-1983 1.6 Invasion of Grenada by the U.S. and OECS military:1983 1.7 Democracy Restored: Grenada since 1983 2 Geography 3 Parishes 4 Politics 5 Economy and tourism 6 Demographics 6.1 Religion 7 Culture 8 See also 9 Bibliography 10 References 11 External links History Main article: History of Grenada Pre-History and Early European Contacts

Grenada was first sighted by Europeans in 1498 during the 3rd voyage of Columbus to the new world. At the time the indigenous Island Caribs (Kalinago) who lived there called it Camahogne. The Spaniards did not permanently settle on Camahogne. The English failed in their attempt at settlement in 1609. French Colony:1649-1763

On 17 March 1649 a French expedition of 203 men from Martinique led by Jacques du Parquet founded a permanent settlement on Grenada. Within months this led to conflict with the local islanders which lasted until 1654 when the Island was completely subjugated by the French.4 Those indigineous islanders who survived either left for neighbouring islands or retreated to remoter parts of Grenada where they were marginalised - the last distinct communities disappeared during the eighteenth century. Warfare did continue during the seventeenth century between the French on Grenada and the Caribs of present day Dominica and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.The French named the new French colony La Grenade and the economy was initially based on sugar and indigo. The French established a capital known as Fort Royal (later St. George). To shelter from hurricanes the French navy would often take refuges in the capital's natural harbour as no nearby French islands had a natural harbour to compare with that of Fort Royal. The British captured Grenada during the Seven Years' War in 1762. British Colony:1763-1950

Grenada was formally ceded to the Britain by the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The French re-captured the island during the American War of Independence after Comte d'Estaing won the bloody land and naval Battle of Grenada in July 1779. However the island was restored to Britain with the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. Britain was hard pressed to overcome a pro-French revolt in 1795-1796 led by Julien Fedon. Nutmeg was introduced to Grenada in 1843 when a merchant ship called in on its way to England from the East Indies. The ship had a small quantity of nutmeg trees on board which they left in Grenada and this was the beginning of Grenada's nutmeg industry that now supplies nearly forty percent of the world's annual crop.5 In 1877 Grenada was made a Crown Colony. Theophilus A. Marryshow founded the Representative Government Association (RGA) in 1917 to agitate for a new and participative constitutional dispensation for the Grenadian people. Partly as a result of Marryshows lobbying the Wood Commission of 1921-1922 concluded that Grenada was ready for constitutional reform in the form of a 'modified' Crown Colony government. This modification granted Grenadians from 1925 the right to elect 5 of the 15 members of the Legislative Council on a restricted property franchise enabling the wealthiest 4% of adult Grenadians to vote.6 The capital St. George's. Towards Independence:1950-1974

In 1950 Eric Gairy founded the Grenada United Labour Party initially as a trades union which led the 1951 general strike for better working conditions this sparked great unrest - so many buildings were set ablaze that the disturbances became known as the 'red sky' days - and the British authorities had to call in military reinforcements to help regain control of the situation. On 10 October 1951 Grenada held its first general elections on the basis of universal adult suffrage 7- Eric Gairy's Grenada United Labour Party won 6 of the 8 seats contested.7 From 1958 to 1962 Grenada was part of the Federation of the West Indies.

On 3 March 1967 Grenada was granted full autonomy over its internal affairs as an Associated State. Herbert Blaize was the first Premier of the Associated State of Grenada fom March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974.8 Independence and revolution:1974-1983

Independence was granted in 1974 under the leadership of the then Premier Sir Eric Matthew Gairy who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada.

Civil conflict gradually broke out between Eric Gairys government and some opposition parties including the New Jewel Movement (NJM). Gairys party won elections in 1976 but the opposition did not accept the result accusing it of fraud. In 1979 the New Jewel Movement under Maurice Bishop launched a paramilitary attack on the government resulting in its overthrow. The constitution was suspended and Bishop's government ruled subsequently by decree. Cuban doctors teachers and technicians were invited in to help develop health literacy and agriculture over the next few years. Agrarian reforms started by the Gairy government were continued and greatly expanded under the revolutionary government of Maurice Bishop. Invasion of Grenada by the U.S. and OECS military:1983 Main article: Invasion of Grenada Members of the Eastern Caribbean Defence Force during the Invasion of Grenada. Some years later a dispute developed between Bishop and certain high-ranking members of the NJM. Though Bishop was cooperating with Cuba and the USSR on various trade and foreign policy issues he sought to maintain a "non-aligned" status. Bishop had been taking his time making Grenada wholly socialist encouraging private-sector development in an attempt to make the island a popular tourist destination. Hardline Marxist party members including Communist Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deemed Bishop insufficiently revolutionary and demanded that he either step down or enter into a power sharing arrangement.citation needed On October 19 1983 Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis backed by the Grenadian Army led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop who was placed under house arrest. These actions led to street demonstrations in various parts of the island. Bishop had massive support among the population and was eventually freed by a large demonstration in the capital. When Bishop attempted to resume power he was captured and executed by soldiers along with seven others including government cabinet ministers. The Coard regime then put the island under martial law.citation needed After the execution of Bishop the People's Revolutionary Army formed a military government with General Hudson Austin as chairman. The army declared a four-day total curfew during which it said that anyone leaving their home without approval would be shot on sight.9 The overthrow of a moderate government by one which was strongly pro-communist worried U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Of particular concern was the presence of Cuban construction workers and military personnel building a 10000-foot (3000 m) airstrip on Grenada. Though Bishop had claimed the purpose of the airstrip was to allow commercial jets to land U.S. military analysts believed the only reason for constructing an abnormally long reinforced runway was for the use of heavy military transport planes.10 Reagan was worried that Grenada would be used by Cuba under the direction of the Soviet Union as a refueling stepping stone for Cuban and Soviet airplanes loaded with weapons destined for Central American communist insurgents.11 On October 25 Grenada was invaded some say illegally by combined forces from the United States the Regional Security System (RSS) based in Barbados in an operation codenamed Operation Urgent Fury. The U.S. stated this was done at the behest of Dame Eugenia Charles of Dominica. While the Governor-General Sir Paul Scoon later stated that he had also requested the invasion it was highly criticised by HM Queen Elizabeth II and the governments of the United Kingdom Trinidad and Tobago and Canada. The United Nations General Assembly condemned it as "a flagrant violation of international law"12 by a vote of 108 in favor to 9 with 27 abstentions.13 The United Nations Security Council considered a similar resolution which failed to pass when vetoed by the United States.citation needed After the invasion of the island nation the pre-revolutionary Grenadian constitution was resumed. Eighteen members of the PRG and the PRA (army) were arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to forty-five years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17. Democracy Restored: Grenada since 1983 When US troops withdew from Grenada in December 1983 Nicholas Braithwaite of the National Democratic Congress was appointed Prime Minister of an interim adminsitration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organised. The first democratic elections since 1976 were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize who served as Prime Minister until his death in December 1989. Ben Jones succeeded Blaize as Prime Minister and served until the Mar 1990 election which was won by the National Democratic Congress under Nicholas Braithwaite who returned as Prime Minister for a second time until he resigned in Feb 1995. He was suceeded as Prime Minister by George Brizan who served until the Jun 1995 election which was won by the New National Party under Keith Mitchell who went on to win the 1999 and 2003 elections and served as Prime Minister for a record 13 years until 2008. In 20002002 much of the controversy of the late 1970s and early 1980s was once again brought into the public consciousness with the opening of the truth and reconciliation commission. The commission was chaired by a Roman Catholic priest Father Mark Haynes and was tasked with uncovering injustices arising from the PRA Bishops regime and before. It held a number of hearings around the country. Brother Robert Fanovich head of Presentation Brothers College (PBC) in St. Georges tasked some of his senior students with conducting a research project into the era and specifically into the fact that Maurice Bishops body was never discovered. See Maurice Paterson's book published before this event called Big Sky Little Bullet. Paterson also uncovered that there was still a lot of resentment in Grenadian society resulting from the era and a feeling that there were many injustices still unaddressed. In 2004 after being hurricane-free for forty-nine years the island was directly hit by Hurricane Ivan (September 7). Ivan struck as a Category 3 hurricane and caused 90 percent of the homes to be damaged or destroyed. The following year 2005 Hurricane Emily (July 14) a Category 1 hurricane at the time struck the northern part of the island with 80 knots (150 km/h; 92 mph) winds causing an estimated USD $110 million (EC$ 297 million) worth of damage. This was much less damage than Ivan had caused.citation needed Grenada recovered with remarkable speed due to both domestic labour and financing from the world at large and the work done by the New National Party Administration of Dr. Keith Mitchell and his team. By December 2005 96% of all hotel rooms were to be open for business and to have been upgraded in facilities and strengthened to an improved building code. The agricultural industry and in particular the nutmeg industry suffered serious losses but that event has begun changes in crop management and it is hoped that as new nutmeg trees gradually mature the industry will return to its pre-Ivan position as a major supplier in the Western world.citation needed In April 2007 Grenada jointly hosted (along with several other Caribbean nations) the 2007 Cricket World Cup. The island's then Prime Minister was at the time CARICOM Representative on cricket and was instrumental in having the World Cup Games brought to the region. After Hurricane Ivan the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) paid for the new $40 million national stadium and provided the aid of over 300 labourers to build and repair it.14 During the opening ceremony the anthem of the Republic of China (ROC Taiwan) was accidentally played instead of the PRC's anthem leading to the firing of top officials.1516 The 2008 election was won by the National Democratic Congress under Tillman Thomas. Geography Main article: Geography of Grenada Map of Grenada A view of Carriacou. Other Grenadine islands in distance The island Grenada itself is the largest island; smaller Grenadines are Carriacou Petit Martinique Ronde Island Caille Island Diamond Island Large Island Saline Island and Frigate Island. Most of the population lives on Grenada itself and major towns there include the capital St. Georges Grenville and Gouyave. The largest settlement on the other islands is Hillsborough on Carriacou. The islands are of volcanic origin with extremely rich soil. Grenadas interior is very mountainous with Mount St. Catherine being the highest at 840 m. Several small rivers with beautiful waterfalls flow into the sea from these mountains. The climate is tropical: hot and humid in the rainy season and cooled by the trade winds in the dry season. Grenada being on the Southern edge of the hurricane belt has suffered only three hurricanes in fifty years. Hurricane Janet passed over Grenada on Friday 23 September 1955 with winds of 185 km/h causing severe damage. The most recent storms to hit have been Hurricane Ivan on Tuesday 7 September 2004 causing severe damage and thirty-nine deaths and Hurricane Emily on Thursday 14 July 2005 causing serious damage in Carriacou and in the north of Grenada which had been relatively lightly affected by Hurricane Ivan. Parishes Main article: Parishes of Grenada Grenada is divided into 6 parishes: Carriacou and Petite Martinique two of the Grenadines have the status of dependency. Politics Main article: Politics of Grenada As a Commonwealth realm Queen Elizabeth II is Queen of Grenada and Head of State. The Crown is represented by a Governor-General who is currently Mr. Carlyle Glean. Day-to-day executive power lies with the Head of Government the Prime Minister. Although appointed by the Governor-General the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the largest party in the Parliament. The Parliament consists of a Senate (thirteen members) and a House of Representatives (fifteen members). The senators are appointed by the government and the opposition while the representatives are elected by the population for five-year terms. With 51% of the votes and eleven seats in the 2008 election the National Democratic Congress won the July 8 2008 election. The opposition New National Party won the remaining four seats. Grenada is a full and participating member of both the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). Economy and tourism This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (February 2011) Nutmeg fruit in mace. Main article: Economy of Grenada Economic progress in fiscal reforms and prudent macroeconomic management have boosted annual growth to 5%6% in 199899; the increase in economic activity has been led by construction and trade. Tourist facilities are being expanded; tourism is the leading foreign exchange earner. Major short-term concerns are the rising fiscal deficit and the deterioration in the external account balance. Grenada shares a common central bank and a common currency (the East Caribbean dollar) with seven other members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)17 Grenada is a leading producer of several different spices. Cinnamon cloves ginger mace allspice orange/citrus peels wild coffee used by the locals and especially nutmeg providing 20% of the world supply are all important exports. The nutmeg on the nation's flag represents the economic crop of Grenada; the nation is the worlds second largest producer of nutmeg (after Indonesia). Devastation caused by Hurricane Ivan in Grenada. Tourism is Grenadas main economic force. Conventional beach and water-sports tourism is largely focused in the southwest region around St Georges the airport and the coastal strip; however ecotourism is growing in significance. Most of these small ecofriendly guesthouses are located in the Saint David and Saint John parishes. You will find a lot of different accommodations from luxury like the Spice Island Beach Resort to small cottages resorts like Mango Bay Cottages.The tourism industry is increasing dramatically with the construction of a large cruise ship pier and esplanade. Up to 4 cruise ships per day were visiting St. Georges in 20078 during the cruise ship season. Grand Anse Beach St. George's The island has also pioneered the cultivation of organic cocoa which is also processed into finished bars by the Grenada Chocolate Company. Tourism is concentrated in the southwest of the island around St. Georges Grand Anse Lance Aux Epines and Point Salines. Grenada has many idyllic beaches around its coastline including the 3 km (1.9 mi) long Grand Anse Beach in St George's which is considered to be one of the finest beaches in the world and often appears in countdowns of the world's top 10 beaches.18 Grenada is linked to the world through the Maurice Bishop International Airport and the St. Georges harbour. International flights connect with other Caribbean islands the United States and Europe. There is also a daily fast ferry service between St. Georges and Hillsborough. Beginning in October 2009 new passenger ferry service between Grenada Barbados St. Vincent St. Lucia and Trinidad provided by Grenada-based BEDY Ocean Line is scheduled to begin. Demographics Main article: Demographics of Grenada A majority of the citizens are descendants of the African slaves brought by the English and French; few of the indigenous Carib and Arawak population survived the French purge at Sauteurs. A small percentage of descendants of East Indian indentured workers were brought to Grenada mainly from the North Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh between Friday 1 May 1857Saturday 10 January 1885. There is also a small community of French and English descendants. The rest of the population is of mixed descent. A school on Grand Anse beach Grenada like many of the Caribbean islands is subject to a large amount of migration with a large number of young people wanting to leave the island to seek life elsewhere. With just 110000 people living in Grenada estimates and census data suggest that there are at least that number of Grenadian-born people in other parts of the Caribbean (such as Barbados and Trinidad) and at least that number again in First World countries. Popular migration points for Grenadians further north include New York City Toronto the United Kingdom (London and Yorkshire predominantly see Grenadians in the UK) and sometimes Montreal or as far south as Australia. This means that probably around a third of those born in Grenada still live there. The official language English is used in the government but Grenadian Creole is considered the lingua franca of the island. French Patois (Antillean Creole) is also spoken by about 10%20% the population. Some Hindi/Bhojpuri terms are still spoken amongst the Indian descendants mostly those pertaining to the kitchen; such as aloo geera karela seim chownkay and baylay. The term bhai which means 'brother' or 'partner' in Hindi is a common form of greeting amongst Indo-Grenadians males of equal status. Religion Religion Percentage Christianity 99.8 Roman Catholicism 53 Anglicanism 13.8 Other Protestantism 33 Rastafarian/Spiritist 1.3 Hinduism 0.7 Islam 0.3 Buddhism 0.2 Baha'is 0.2 Including a marginal community of Rastafarians living in Grenada nearly all of the population belong to Christian churches. About half of the population are Roman Catholics; Anglicanism is the largest Protestant denomination with Presbyterian and Seventh Day Adventist taking up the remainder. Most churches have denomination-based schools but are open to all. There is a small Muslim population descended mostly from Gujarati Indian immigrants who came during the colonial period and set up merchant shops. Culture Main articles: Culture of Grenada and Music of Grenada See also: Cricket in the West Indies 1965 carnival Although French influence on Grenadian culture is much less visible than on other Caribbean islands surnames and place names in French remain and the every day language is laced with French words and the local dialect or Patois. Stronger French influence is found in the well seasoned spicy food and styles of cooking similar to those found in New Orleans and some French architecture has survived from the 1700s. Island culture is heavily influenced by the African roots of most of the Grenadians but Indian and Carib Amerindian influence is also seen with dhal puri rotis Indian sweets cassava and curries in the cuisine. The "oildown" is considered to be the national dish. The phrase "oil-down" refers to a dish cooked in coconut milk until all the milk is absorbed leaving a bit of coconut oil in the bottom of the pot. Early recipes call for a mixture of salted pigtail pigs feet (trotters) salt beef and chicken dumplings made from flour provision: breadfruit green banana yam and potatoes. Callaloo leaves are some times used to retain the steam and for extra flavour. This dish is a common tradition at family and other gatherings at the beach There is a modest debate in the West Indies about the origin of this dish with some experts attributing it to other islands like Barbados or Trinidad & Tobago.citation needed Foods are not the only important aspect of Grenadian culture. Music dance and festivals are also extremely important. Soca calypso and reggae set the mood for Grenada's annual Carnival activities. Over the years Rap music became famous among Grenadian youths and there have been numerous young rappers emerging in the islands underground rap scene. Zouk is also being slowly introduced onto the island. The islanders African and Carib Amerindian heritage plays an influential role in many aspects of Grenadas culture. As with other islands from the Caribbean cricket is the national and most popular sport and is an intrinsic part of Grenadian culture. An important aspect of Grenadian culture is the tradition of story telling with folk tales bearing both African and French influences. The character Anancy a spider god who is a trickster originated in West Africa and is prevalent on other Caribbean islands as well. French influence can be seen in La Diablesse a well-dressed she-devil and Ligaroo (from Loup Garoux) a werewolf. See also Caribbean portal Commonwealth realms portal Main article: Outline of Grenada Index of Grenada-related articles List of international rankings Outline of geography Outline of North America Member of Commonwealth of Nations United Nations Bibliography Adkin Mark. 1989. Urgent Fury: The Battle for Grenada: The Truth Behind the Largest U.S. Military Operation Since Vietnam. Trans-Atlantic Publications. ISBN 0-85052-023-1 Beck Robert J. 1993. The Grenada Invasion: Politics Law and Foreign Policy Decisionmaking. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-8709-4 Brizan George 1984. Grenada Island of Conflict: From Amerindians to Peoples Revolution 14981979. London Zed Books Ltd. publisher; Copyright George Brizan 1984. Martin John Angus. 2007. AZ of Grenada Heritage. Macmillan Caribbean.19 Sinclair Norma. 2003. Grenada: Isle of Spice (Caribbean Guides). Interlink Publishing Group; 3rd edition. ISBN 0-333-96806-9 Stark James H. 1897. Starks Guide-Book and History of Trinidad including Tobago Grenada and St. Vincent; also a trip up the Orinoco and a description of the great Venezuelan Pitch Lake. Boston James H. Stark publisher; London Sampson Low Marston & Company. Steele Beverley A. 2003. Grenada: A History of Its People (Island Histories). MacMillan Caribbean. ISBN 0-333-93053-3 References "Government of Grenada Website". http://www.gov.gd. Retrieved 2007-11-01.  https://www.cia.gov/ Grenada factbook a b c d "Grenada". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspxsy2008&ey2011&scsm1&ssd1&sortcountry&ds.&br1&c328&sNGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp0&a&pr.x22&pr.y6. Retrieved 2011-04-21.  Pages 35-44 Grenada. A History of its People. Steele Beverley A. 2003.Macmillan Publishers Limited. ISBN 0-333-93053-3 http://www.travelgrenada.com/gcna.htm http://www.bigdrumnation.org/comments/crowncolony.html a b http://www.bigdrumnation.org/comments/1stgeneralelection.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PremierofGrenada#PremierofAssociatedstateofGrenada.281967-1974.29 Anthony Payne Paul Sutton and Tony Thorndike (1984). "Grenada: Revolution and Invasion". Croom Helm. http://books.google.com/booksid3agOAAAAQAAJ&printsecfrontcover#vonepage&q&ffalse. Retrieved 2009-09-10.  Gailey Phil; Warren Weaver Jr. (26 March 1983). "Grenada". New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.htmlresF30C12F6385D0C758EDDAA0894DB484D81&scp20&sqgrenada&stnyt. Retrieved accessdate2010-07-11.  Julie Wolf (1999-2000). "The Invasion of Grenada". PBS - The American Experience (Reagan). http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/peopleevents/pande07.html. Retrieved 2009-09-10.  "United Nations General Assembly resolution 38/7". United Nations. November 2 1983. http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/res/resa38.htm.  "Assembly calls for cessation of "armed intervention" in Grenada". UN Chronicle. 1984. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mim1309/isv21/ai3073305.  "Grenada: Bandleader Loses Job in Chinese Anthem Gaffe". New York Times. Associated Press. February 8 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/08/world/americas/08briefs-grenadagaffe.html. Retrieved 2008-08-05.  "BBCCaribbean.com Grenada goofs: anthem mixup". Bbc.co.uk. 2007-02-05. http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/02/070205grendiplomatic2.shtml. Retrieved 2010-06-28.  Font size Print E-mail Share 7 Comments By Scott Conroy (2007-02-03). "Taiwan Anthem Played For China Officials". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/04/world/main2429938.shtml. Retrieved 2010-06-28.  "Welcome to the OECS". Oecs.org. http://www.oecs.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-28.  "The 10 Best Beaches in the World". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/core/Slideshow/slideshowContentFrameFragXL.jhtmlxml/travel/slideshow/bestbeaches/pixbestbeaches1.xml&site.  "Greneda Heritage". Grenadaheritage.com. http://grenadaheritage.com/default.aspx. Retrieved 2010-06-28.  External links Find more about Grenada on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Official Website of the Government of Grenada Chief of State and Cabinet Members Grenada entry at The World Factbook Grenada at UCB Libraries GovPubs Grenada at the Open Directory Project Wikimedia Atlas of Grenada Grenada travel guide from Wikitravel grenadaisland.com The Grenada Revolution online Brief History of Grenada Presentation Brothers College Spice vibes The evolution of class forces in Grenada  Articles Related to Grenada   Geographic locale Lat. and Long. 1203N 6145W / 12.05N 61.75W / 12.05; -61.75 (St. George's) v d eCountries and territories of the Caribbean  Sovereign states Commonwealth Realms Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Grenada  Jamaica  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Commonwealth republics Dominica  Trinidad and Tobago Other republics Cuba  Dominican Republic  Haiti  Dependencies and other areas by parent state United Kingdom Anguilla  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Montserrat  Turks and Caicos Islands Netherlands Aruba  Bonaire  Curaao  Saba  Saint Eustatius  Sint Maarten France Guadeloupe  Martinique  St. Barthlemy  St. Martin United States Bajo Nuevo Bank  Navassa Island  Puerto Rico  Serranilla Bank  U.S. Virgin Islands v d eCountries and dependencies of North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Canada  Costa Rica  Cuba  Dominica  Dominican Republic  El Salvador  France (Guadeloupe  Martinique)  Grenada  Guatemala  Haiti  Honduras  Jamaica  Mexico  Nicaragua  Netherlands (Bonaire  Saba  Saint Eustatius)  Panama  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines  Trinidad and Tobago  United States Dependencies Denmark Greenland France Clipperton Island  St. Barthlemy  St. Martin  St. Pierre and Miquelon Netherlands Aruba  Curaao  Sint Maarten United Kingdom Anguilla  Bermuda  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Montserrat  Turks and Caicos Islands United States Bajo Nuevo Bank  Navassa Island  Puerto Rico  Serranilla Bank  U.S. Virgin Islands  International membership v d eOrganisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Members Antigua and Barbuda  Dominica  Grenada  Montserrat  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Associate members Anguilla  British Virgin Islands Financial institutions Eastern Caribbean Central Securities Registry  Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange  East Caribbean dollar  Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Other institutions Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court v d eCaribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat (Secretary-General) Nations Members Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas1  Barbados  Belize  Dominica  Grenada  Guyana  Haiti1  Jamaica  Montserrat2  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines  Suriname  Trinidad and Tobago Associate members Anguilla  Bermuda  Cayman Islands  British Virgin Islands  Turks and Caicos Islands Observers Aruba  Colombia  Curaao  Dominican Republic  Mexico  Puerto Rico  Sint Maarten  Venezuela Institutions CSME  CDEMA  CMO  CMO  CXC  CCJ  CFC  CEHI  CARDI  REPAHA  ACCP  CARICAD  CFNI  CCC  CRITI  Related organizations Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 1 Member of the Community but not of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME).   2 British overseas territory awaiting entrustment to join the CSME. v d e  Commonwealth realms   Current Antigua and Barbuda  Australia  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Canada  Grenada  Jamaica  New Zealand  Papua New Guinea  St Kitts and Nevis  St Lucia  St Vincent and the Grenadines  Solomon Islands  Tuvalu  United Kingdom   Former Ceylon  Fiji  Gambia  Ghana  Guyana  India1  Ireland1  Kenya  Malawi  Malta  Mauritius  Newfoundland2  Nigeria  Pakistan  Rhodesia3  Sierra Leone  South Africa  Tanganyika  Trinidad and Tobago  Uganda   1 Dominion became republic before adoption of the term "realm"   2 Dominion never ratified Statute of Westminster 1931 London-based external government 19341949 annexed by Canada in 1949 3 Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia in 1965 claiming to be a Commonwealth realm but this was unrecognised by the United Kingdom. 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Light blue: Countries and territories where English is an official language but less widely spoken. Click on the coloured regions to view the related article.     Regions where English is an official language and spoken by a significant population Africa Mauritius  Saint Helena  Americas (Anglo-America) Anguilla  Antigua and Barbuda  The Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Bermuda  British Virgin Islands  Canada  Cayman Islands  Dominica  Falkland Islands  Grenada  Guyana  Jamaica  Montserrat  Puerto Rico  Saba  Saint Kitts and Nevis  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Saint Eustatius  Sint Maarten  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands  Trinidad and Tobago  Turks and Caicos Islands  United States  United States Virgin Islands Asia Hong Kong  Philippines  Singapore Europe Gibraltar  Guernsey  Ireland  Isle of Man  Jersey  Malta  United Kingdom Oceania American Samoa  Australia  Christmas Island  Guam  Marshall Islands  Federated States of Micronesia  Nauru  New Zealand  Norfolk Island  Northern Mariana Islands  Palau  Vanuatu   Regions where English is an official language but not as widely spoken Africa Botswana  Cameroon  Gambia  Ghana  Kenya  Lesotho  Liberia  Malawi  Namibia  Nigeria  Rwanda  Sierra Leone  Somaliland  South Africa  Sudan  Swaziland  Tanzania  Uganda  Zambia  Zimbabwe Asia India  Pakistan    Oceania Cook Islands  Fiji  Niue  Papua New Guinea  Pitcairn Islands  Solomon Islands  Tokelau  Tuvalu v d e Grenada topics History Carib people  French colonization of the Americas  British colonization of the Americas (Grenada 1762)  French capture of Grenada 1779   Treaty of Paris  West Indies Federation (1958-1962)  People's Revolutionary Government (1979-83)  US invasion of Grenada (1983)  Hurricane Ivan (2004) Politics Elections  Political parties  Constitution  Foreign relations  Military  Law enforcement  Parliament  Prime Ministers  Supreme Court  Human rights  International rankings Geography Environmental issues  Fauna  Flora  National parks  Subdivisions (Cities  Parishes)  World Heritage Sites Economy Agriculture  Communications  Companies  Currency  Energy  Science and technology  Transport Demographics Crime (Illegal drug trade)  Education  Healthcare  Immigration  Languages  Religion  Notable Grenadans  Indigenous peoples Culture Cuisine  Cinema  Grenadian Creole  Heritage  Holidays  Internet domain  Literature  Media  Music  Sport Symbols National flag  Coat of arms  National anthem  National symbols WikiProject  Portal