This article is about industry in relation to economics. For other uses see Industry (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009) GDP composition of sector and labour force by occupation. The green red and blue components of the colours of the countries represent the percentages for the agriculture industry and services sectors respectively.

Industry refers to the production of an economic good (either material or a service) within an economy.1 Contents 1 Industrial sectors 2 Proto-industry 3 Industrial development 4 Declining industries 5 Society 6 Industrial labour 7 War 8 ISIC 9 List of countries by industrial output 10 See also 11 References Industrial sectors Main article: Industrial organization Further information: Industrial loan company Clark's Sector Model (1950)

There are four key industrial economic sectors: the primary sector largely raw material extraction industries such as mining and farming; the secondary sector involving refining construction and manufacturing; the tertiary sector which deals with services (such as law and medicine) and distribution of manufactured goods; and the quaternary sector a relatively new type of knowledge industry focusing on technological research design and development such as computer programming and biochemistry. A fifth quinary sector has been proposed encompassing nonprofit activities. The economy is also broadly separated into public sector and private sector with industry generally categorized as private. Industries are also any business or manufacturing. Industries can be classified on the basis of raw materialssize and ownership. Raw Materials: Industries may be agriculture based Marine based Mineral based Forest based. Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested number of people employed and the volume of production. Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector state owned or public sector joint sector and co-operative sector

Industry in the sense of manufacturing became a key sector of production and labour in European and North American countries during the Industrial Revolution which upset previous mercantile and feudal economies through many successive rapid advances in technology such as the steel and coal production. It is aided by technological advances and has continued to develop into new types and sectors to this day. Industrial countries then assumed a capitalist economic policy. Railroads and steam-powered ships began speedily establishing links with previously unreachable world markets enabling private companies to develop to then-unheard of size and wealth. Following the Industrial Revolution perhaps a third of the world's economic output is derived from manufacturing industriesmore than agriculture's share.

Many developed countries and many developing/semi-developed countries (People's Republic of China India etc.) depend significantly on industry. Industries the countries they reside in and the economies of those countries are interlinked in a complex web of interdependence.

Industry is divided into four sectors. They are: Sector Definition Primary This involves the extraction of resources directly from the Earth this includes farming mining and logging. They do not process the products at all. They send it off to factories to make a profit. Secondary This group is involved in the processing products from primary industries. This includes all factoriesthose that refine metals produce furniture or pack farm products such as meat. Tertiary This group is involved in the provision of services. They include teachers managers and other service providers. Quaternary This group is involved in the research of science and technology. They include scientists.

As a country develops people move away from the primary sector to secondary and then to tertiary.

There are many other different kinds of industries and often organized into different classes or sectors by a variety of industrial classifications.

Industry classification systems used by the government commonly divide industry into three sectors: agriculture manufacturing and services. The primary sector of industry is agriculture mining and raw material extraction. The secondary sector of industry is manufacturing. The tertiary sector of industry is service production. Sometimes one talks about a quaternary sector of industry consisting of intellectual services such as research and development (R&D).

Market-based classification systems such as the Global Industry Classification Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark are used in finance and market research. These classification systems commonly divide industries according to similar functions and markets and identify businesses producing related products. Industries can also be identified by product: chemical industry petroleum industry automotive industry electronic industry meatpacking industry hospitality industry food industry fish industry software industry paper industry entertainment industry semiconductor industry cultural industry poverty industry labor-intensive industry - capital-intensive industry light industry - heavy industry Proto-industry Early industries involved manufacturing goods for trade. In medieval Europe industry became dominated by the guilds in cities and towns who offered mutual support for the member's interests and maintained standards of industry workmanship and ethical conduct. Industrial development Main article: Outline of industry The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale production with consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly line was introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion with individual workers performing specific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency lowering the cost of the end process. Later automation was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot. Declining industries Main article: Deindustrialisation Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors including the development of replacement technology or the loss of competitive advantage. An example of the former is the decline in carriage manufacturing when the automobile was mass-produced. A recent trend has been the migration of prosperous industrialized nations toward a post-industrial society. This is manifested by an increase in the service sector at the expense of manufacturing and the development of an information-based economy the so-called informational revolution. In a post-industrial society manufacturing is relocated to economically more favourable locations through a process of off-shoring. The major difficulty for people looking to measure manufacturing industries outputs and economic effect is finding a measurement which is stable historically. Traditionally success has been measured in the number of jobs created. The lowering of employee numbers in the manufacturing sector has been assumed to be caused by a decline in the competitiveness of the sector. The truth however is that it has been caused by the introduction of the lean manufacturing process. Eventually this will lead to competing product lines being managed by one of two people as is already the case in the cigarette manufacturing industry. Related to this change is the upgrading of the quality of the produce being manufactured. While it is easy to produce a low tech low skill product the ability to manufacture high quality products is limited to companies with a high skilled staff. Society Main article: Industrial society An industrial society can be defined in many ways. Today industry is an important part of most societies and nations. A government must have some kind of industrial policy regulating industrial placement industrial pollution financing and industrial labor. Industrial labour Main article: Industrial labour Further information: industrial sociology industrial and organizational psychology industrial district and industrial park In an industrial society industry employs a major part of the population. This occurs typically in the manufacturing sector. A labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions. The trade union through its leadership bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts with employers. This movement first rose among industrial workers. War Main article: Industrial warfare The industrial revolution changed warfare with mass-produced weaponry and supplies machine-powered transportation mobilization the total war concept and weapons of mass destruction. Early instances of industrial warfare were the Crimean War and the American Civil War but its full potential showed during the world wars. See also military-industrial complex arms industry military industry and modern warfare. ISIC ISIC (Rev.4) stands for International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities the most complete and systematic industrial classification made by United Nations Statistics Division. ISIC Rev.4 is a standard classification of economic activities arranged so that entities can be classified according to the activity they carry out. The categories of ISIC at the most detailed level (classes) are delineated according to what is in most countries the customary combination of activities described in statistical units and considers the relative importance of the activities included in these classes. While ISIC Rev.4 continues to use criteria such as input output and use of the products produced more emphasis has been given to the character of the production process in defining and delineating ISIC classes. List of countries by industrial output Main article: List of countries by GDP sector composition Industrial output in 2010 (Nominal) Rank Country Output in millions of US$  European Union 4070558 1  United States 3254032 2  China 2751024 3  Japan 1255541 4  Germany 925064 5  Brazil 551843 6  Italy 511723 7  United Kingdom 496688 8  France 495845 9  Russia 495197 10  India 439858 Industrial output in 2010 (Purchasing Power) Rank Country Output in millions of US$ 1  China 4620096  European Union 3727500 2  United States 3267840 3  India 1157156 4  Japan 997740 5  Germany 825840 6  Russia 753402 7  Brazil 579216 8  Korea South 577998 9  Mexico 519480 10  United Kingdom 483769 See also Look up industry in Wiktionary the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Industries North American Industry Classification System North American Product Classification System Standard Industrial Classification Industry information References http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/industry