"Jabberwocky" is a poem of nonsense verse written by Lewis Carroll originally featured as a part of his novel Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There (1872). The book tells of Alice's travels within the back-to-front world through a looking glass.

While talking with the White King and White Queen (chess pieces) she finds a book written in a strange language that she can't read. Understanding that she is travelling in an inverted world she sees it is mirror-writing. She finds a mirror and holds it up to a poem on one of the pages to read out the reflection of "Jabberwocky". She finds it as puzzling as the odd land she has walked into which we later discover is a dreamscape.1

It is considered to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in the English language.23 The playful whimsical poem became a source of nonsense words and neologisms such as "galumphing" "chortle" and "Jabberwocky" itself. Contents 1 Origin and publication 2 Lexicon 2.1 Possible interpretations of words 3 Linguistics and poetics 4 Translations from English 5 Reception 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links Origin and publication

In 1855 when Carroll was 23 he printed the first stanza of the poem in Mischmasch a periodical that Carroll wrote and illustrated himself for the amusement of his family. It was entitled "Stanza of Anglo-Saxon Poetry" and originally read:

Twas bryllyg and ye slythy toves Did gyre and gymble in ye wabe: All mimsy were ye borogoves; And ye mome raths outgrabe.

The spelling was altered when it was published as part of the later book.4 The first stanza was written in Croft on Tees close to nearby Darlington where Carroll lived as a boy.5 The rest of the poem was written during Lewis Carroll's stay with relatives at Whitburn near Sunderland. The story may have been partly inspired by the local Sunderland area legend of the Lambton Worm. 6 7 Roger Lancelyn Green suggests that "Jabberwocky" is a parody of the old German ballad "The Shepherd of the Giant Mountains" in which a shepherd kills a griffin that is attacking his sheep. 84 The ballad had been translated into English in blank verse by Lewis Carroll's cousin Menella Bute Smedley in 1846 many years before the appearance of the Alice books.9 4 Historian Sean B. Palmer suggests that Carroll was inspired by a section from Shakespeare's Hamlet citing the lines: "The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead/Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets" from Act I Scene i. 1011

John Tenniel reluctantly agreed to illustrate the book in 187112 and his illustrations are still the defining images of the poem. The illustration of the Jabberwock may reflect the contemporary Victorian obsession with natural history and the fast-evolving sciences of palaeontology and geology. Stephen Prickett notes that in the context of Darwin and Mantell's publications and vast exhibitions of dinosaurs such as those at the Crystal Palace from 1845 it is unsurprising that Tenniel gave the Jabberwock "the leathery wings of a pterodactyl and the long scaly neck and tail of a sauropod."12 Lexicon

Jabberwocky 'Twas brillig and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock my son! The jaws that bite the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" He took his vorpal sword in hand: Long time the manxome foe he sought-- So rested he by the Tumtum tree And stood awhile in thought. And as in uffish thought he stood The Jabberwock with eyes of flame Came whiffling through the tulgey wood And burbled as it came! One two! One two! and through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead and with its head He went galumphing back. "And hast thou slain the Jabberwock Come to my arms my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!" He chortled in his joy. 'Twas brillig and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves And the mome raths outgrabe. from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There (1872).

Many of the words in the poem are playful nonce words of Carroll's own invention without intended explicit meaning. When Alice has finished reading the poem she gives her impressions: 'It seems very pretty' she said when she had finished it 'but it's rather hard to understand!' (You see she didn't like to confess even to herself that she couldn't make it out at all.) 'Somehow it seems to fill my head with ideas---only I don't exactly know what they are! However somebody killed something: that's clear at any rate'1 This may reflect Carroll's intention for his readership; the poem is after all part of a dream. In later writings he discussed some of his own created lexicon commenting that he didn't know his source for some of the words; the linguistic ambiguity and uncertainty throughout both the book and the poem may largely be the point.13 In Through the Looking-Glass the character of Humpty Dumpty gives comments on the non-sense words from the first stanza of the poem; however Carroll's personal commentary on several of the words differ from Humpty's. For example following the poem a "rath" is described by Humpty as "a sort of green pig".14 Carroll's notes for the original in Mischmasch suggest a "rath" is "a species of Badger" that "lived chiefly on cheese" and had smooth white hair long hind legs and short horns like a stag.15 The appendices to certain Looking Glass editions however state that the creature is "a species of land turtle" that lived on swallows and oysters.15 Later commentators have added their own interpretations of the lexicon often without reference to Carroll's own contextual commentary. An extended analysis of the poem and Carroll's commentary is given in the book The Annotated Alice by Martin Gardner. In January 1868 Carroll wrote to his publisher Macmillan asking "Have you any means or can you find any for printing a page or two of the next volume of Alice in reverse" This may suggest that Carroll was wanting to print the whole poem in mirror writing. Macmillian responded that it would cost a great deal more to do and this may have dissuaded him.15 Jabberwocky (UK English) Problems listening to this file See media help. In an author's note on Through the Looking-Glass dated Christmas 1896 Carroll wrote "The new words in the poem Jabberwocky have given rise to some differences of opinion as to their pronunciation so it may be well to give instructions on that point also. Pronounce 'slithy' as if it were the two words 'sly thee': make the 'g' hard in 'gyre' and 'gimble': and pronounce 'rath' to rhyme with 'bath.'"16 In the Preface to The Hunting of the Snark Carroll wrote "Let me take this opportunity of answering a question that has often been asked me how to pronounce "slithy toves." The "i" in "slithy" is long as in "writhe" and "toves" is pronounced so as to rhyme with "groves." Again the first "o" in "borogoves" is pronounced like the "o" in "borrow." I have heard people try to give it the sound of the "o" in "worry." Such is Human Perversity."17 Possible interpretations of words Bandersnatch: A swift moving creature with snapping jaws capable of extending its neck.17 A 'bander' was also an archaic word for a 'leader' suggesting that a 'bandersnatch' might be an animal that hunts the leader of a group.15 Beamish: Radiantly beaming happy cheerful. Although Carroll may have believed he had coined this word it is cited in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1530.18 Borogove: Following the poem Humpty Dumpty says " 'borogove' is a thin shabby-looking bird with its feathers sticking out all round something like a live mop." In explanatory book notes Carroll describes it further as "an extinct kind of Parrot. They had no wings beaks turned up made their nests under sun-dials and lived on veal."15 In Hunting of the Snark Carroll says that the initial syllable of borogove is pronounced as in borrow rather than as in worry.1417 Brillig Following the poem the character of Humpty Dumpty comments: " 'Brillig' means four o'clock in the afternoon the time when you begin broiling things for dinner."14 According to Mischmasch it is derived from the verb to bryl or broil. Burbled. In a letter of December 1877 Carroll notes that "burble" could be a mixture of the three verbs 'bleat' 'murmer' and 'warble' although he didn't remember creating it.1819 Chortled: "Combination of 'chuckle' and 'snort'." (OED) Frabjous: Possibly a blend of fair fabulous and joyous. Definition from Oxford English Dictionary credited to Lewis Carroll. Frumious: Combination of "fuming" and "furious". In Hunting of the Snark Carroll comments "Take the two words 'fuming' and 'furious'. Make up your mind that you will say both words but leave it unsettled which you will say first. Now open your mouth and speak. If your thoughts incline ever so little towards 'fuming' you will say 'fuming-furious'; if they turn by even a hair's breadth towards 'furious' you will say 'furious-fuming'; but if you have the rarest of gifts a perfectly balanced mind you will say 'frumious'."17 Galumphing: Perhaps used in the poem a blend of 'gallop' and 'triumphant'.18 Used later by Kipling and cited by Webster as "To move with a clumsy and heavy tread"20 Gimble:"To make holes as does a gimlet."14 Gyre: "To 'gyre' is to go round and round like a gyroscope."14 Gyre is entered in the OED from 1420 meaning a circular or spiral motion or form; especially a giant circular oceanic surface current. However Carroll also wrote in Mischmasch that it meant to scratch like a dog.15 The g is pronounced like the /g/ in gold not like gem.21 Jabberwocky: When a class in the Girls' Latin School in Boston asked Carroll's permission to name their school magazine The Jabberwock he replied: "The Anglo-Saxon word 'wocer' or 'wocor' signifies 'offspring' or 'fruit'. Taking 'jabber' in its ordinary acceptation of 'excited and voluble discussion'"15 Jubjub bird: 'A desperate bird that lives in perpetual passion' according to the Butcher in Carroll's later poem The Hunting of the Snark.17 'Jub' is an ancient word for a jerkin or a dialect word for the trot of a horse (OED). It might make reference to the call of the bird resembling the sound "jub jub".15 Manxome: Possibly 'fearsome'; A portmanteau of "manly" and "buxom" the latter relating to men for most of its history; or relating to Manx people. Mimsy: " 'Mimsy' is 'flimsy and miserable' ".14 Mome rath: Humpty Dumpty says following the poem: "A 'rath' is a sort of green pig: but 'mome" I'm not certain about. I think it's short for 'from home' meaning that they'd lost their way".14 Carroll's notes for the original in Mischmasch state: "a species of Badger which had smooth white hair long hind legs and short horns like a stag and lived chiefly on cheese"15 Explanatory book notes comment that 'Mome' means to seem 'grave' and a 'Rath': is "a species of land turtle. Head erect mouth like a shark the front forelegs curved out so that the animal walked on its knees smooth green body lived on swallows and oysters."15 In the 1951 film version the mome raths are small multi-colored creatures with tufty hair round eyes and long legs resembling pipe stems. Outgrabe: Humpty says " 'outgribing' is something between bellowing and whistling with a kind of sneeze in the middle".14 Carroll's book appendices suggest it is the past tense of the verb to 'outgribe' connected with the old verb to 'grike' or 'shrike' which derived 'shriek' and 'creak' and hence 'squeak'.15 Slithy: Humpty Dumpty says: " 'Slithy' means 'lithe and slimy'. 'Lithe' is the same as 'active'. You see it's like a portmanteau there are two meanings packed up into one word."14 The original in MischMasch notes that 'slithy' means "smooth and active"15 The i is long as in writhe. Snicker-snack: possibly related to the large knife the snickersnee.18 Tove: Humpty Dumpty says " 'Toves' are something like badgers they're something like lizards and they're something like corkscrews. ... Also they make their nests under sun-dials also they live on cheese."14 Pronounced so as to rhyme with groves.17 They "gyre and gimble" i.e. rotate and bore. Tulgey: Carroll himself said he could give no source for Tulgey. Could be taken to mean thick dense dark. Uffish: Carroll noted "It seemed to suggest a state of mind when the voice is gruffish the manner roughish and the temper huffish".1819 Vorpal: Carroll said he could not explain this word though it has been noted that it can be formed by taking letters alternately from "verbal" and "gospel".22 Wabe: The characters in the poem suggest it means "The grass plot around a sundial" called a 'wa-be' because it goes a long way before it and a long way behind it".14 In the original MischMasch text Carroll states a 'wabe' is "the side of a hill (from its being soaked by rain)".15 Linguistics and poetics Although the poem contains many nonsensical words it holds to English syntax and poetic forms are observed such as the quatrain verses the general abab rhyme scheme and the iambic meter.23 The linguist Lucas notes that the term "nonsense poem" is inaccurate. The poem relies on a distortion of sense rather than "non-sense" allowing the reader to infer meaning and therefore engage with narrative. Lexical allusions swim under the surface of the poem. 824 Parsons describes the work as a "semiotic catastrophe" since the words create a discernible narrative within the structure of the poem but we don't accurately know what they symbolise. She argues that Humpty tries after the recitation to "ground" the unruly multiplicities of meaning with definitions but he cannot succeed as both the book and the poem are a playground for the "carnivalised aspect of language". Parsons suggests that this is mirrored in the prosody of the poem: in the tussle between the tetrameter in the first three lines of each stanza and trimeter in the last lines such that one undercuts the other and we are left off balance like the poem's hero.13 Carroll wrote many poems parodies such as "Twinkle twinkle little bat" "You are old father William" and "How doth the little crocodile" They have become generally more well known that the originals they are based on and this is certainly the case with "Jabberwocky". 8The poems' success do not rely on any recognition or association of the poems they parody. Lucas suggests that the original poems provide a strong container but Carroll's works are famous precisely because of their random surreal quality. 8 Carroll's grave playfulness has been compared with that of the poet Edward Lear though there is no evidence that Carroll knew of his work. There are also parallels with the work of Gerard Manley Hopkins in the high use of soundplay alliteration created-language and portmanteau. Both writers were Carroll's contemporaries.13 Translations from English The slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves And the mome raths outgrabe. "Jabberwocky" has been translated into many languages.25 The task of translation is more notable and difficult because the poems hold to English syntax and many of the principal words of the poem are created nonce words that had no previous meaning. Translators have generally dealt with these words by inventing words of their own. Often these are similar in spelling or sound to Carroll's words while respecting the morphology of the language to be translated into. For example in Frank L. Warrin's French translation "'Twas brillig" is translated as "Il brilgue". In cases like this both the original and the invented words echo actual words in Carroll's lexicon but not necessarily ones with similar meanings. Translators have also invented words which draw on root words with meanings similar to the English roots used by Carroll. For example Douglas Hofstadter noted in his essay "Translations of Jabberwocky" the word 'slithy' echoes English words including 'slimy' 'slither' 'slippery' 'lithe' and 'sly'. A French translation that uses 'lubricilleux' for 'slithy' evokes French words like 'lubrifier' (to lubricate) in order to give an impression of a meaning similar to that of Carroll's word. In his exploration of the translation challenge Hofstadter asks "what if a word does exist but it is very intellectual-sounding and Latinate ('lubricilleux') rather than earthy and Anglo-Saxon ('slithy') Perhaps 'huilasse' would be better than 'lubricilleux' Or does the Latin origin of the word 'lubricilleux' not make itself felt to a speaker of French in the way that it would if it were an English word ('lubricilious' perhaps) ".26 Hofstadter also notes that it makes a great difference whether the poem is translated in isolation or as part of a translation of the novel. In the latter case the translator must through Humpty Dumpty supply explanations of the invented words. But he suggests "even in this pathologically difficult case of translation there seems to be some rough equivalence obtainable a kind of rough isomorphism partly global partly local between the brains of all the readers".26 In 1967 D.G. Orlovskaya wrote a Russian translation of "Jabberwocky" entitled "Barmaglot" ("") which became popular for its nonsensical rhymes. "Barmaglot" becomes the word for the "Jabberwock" "Brandashmyg" for "Bandersnatch" and words like "myumsiki" ("") echo "mimsy".27 Yuen Ren Chao a Chinese linguist translated the poem into Chinese 28 by inventing characters to imitate what Rob Gifford of National Public Radio refers to as the "slithy toves that gyred and gimbled in the wabe of Carroll's original".29 Satyajit Ray a film-maker translated the work into Bengali30 and concrete poet Augusto de Campos created a Brazilian Portuguese version. There is also an Arabic translation 31 by Wael Al-Mahdi and multiple translations into Latin were made within the first weeks of Carroll's original publication.32 Reception According to Chesterton and Green among others the original purpose of "Jabberwocky" was to satirize pretentious poetry and ignorant literary critics; a work designed to show how not to write a poem before it became the subject of pedestrian translations and explanations or incorporated into classroom learning.33 It has also been interpreted as a parody of contemporary Oxford scholarship and specifically the story of how Benjamin Jowett the notoriously agnostic Professor of Greek at Oxford and Master of Balliol came to sign the Thirty Nine Articles as an Anglican statement of faith to save his job.34 The transformation of audience perception from satire to seriousness was in a large part predicted by G. K. Chesterton who wrote in 1932 "Poor poor little Alice! She has not only been caught and made to do lessons; she has been forced to inflict lessons on others."35 It is often now cited as one of the greatest non-sense poems written in the English language23 the source for countless parodies and tributes. In most cases the writers have changed the non-sense words into words relating to the parodied subject as in Frank Jacobs's "If Lewis Carroll Were a Hollywood Press Agent in the Thirties" in Mad for Better or Verse.36 Other writers use the poem as a form much like a sonnet and create their own words for it as in "Strunklemiss" by S. K. Azoulay37 or the poem "Oh Freddled Gruntbuggly" recited by Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz in Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy a book which contains numerous other references and homages to Carroll's work. 38 Oh Freddled Gruntbuggly by Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz Oh freddled gruntbuggly thy micturations are to me As plurdled gabbleblotchits on a lurgid bee. Groop I implore thee my foonting turlingdromes And hooptiously drangle me with crinkly bindlewurdles Or I will rend thee in the gobberwarts with my blurglecrucheon see if I don't!39 Some of the words that Carroll created such as "chortled" and "galumphing" have entered the English language and are listed in the Oxford English Dictionary. The word "jabberwocky" itself has come to refer to non-sense language. See also England portal Poetry portal Nonsense word Works influenced by Alice in Wonderland References a b Carroll Lewis (2010) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass pp 64-65 Createspace ltd ISBN 1-4505-7761-X a b Gardner Martin (1999). The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition. New York NY: W.W. Norton and Company. "Few would dispute that Jabberwocky is the greatest of all nonsense poems in English."  a b Rundus Raymond J. (October 1967). ""O Frabjous Day!": Introducing Poetry". The English Journal (National Council of Teachers of English) 56 (7): 958963. doi:10.2307/812632. JSTOR 812632.  a b c Hudson Derek (1977) Lewis Carroll: an illustrated biography. Crown Publishers p76 The North East England History Pages. Accessed 2007-07-22. A Town Like Alice's (1997) Michael Bute Heritage Publications Sunderland Alice in Sunderland (2007) Brian Talbot Dark Horse publications. a b c d "Jabberwocky back to Old English: Nonsense Anglo-Saxon and Oxford" by Lucas Peter J. in Language History and Linguistic Modelling (1997) p503-520 ISBN 978-3-11-014504-5 Martin Gardner (2000) The Annotated Alice. New York: Norton p 154 n. 42. "Hamlet and Jabberwocky" Essays by Sean Palmer 21 Aug 2005 Carroll makes later reference to the same lines from Hamlet Act I Scene i in the 1869 poem "Phantasmagoria". He wrote: "Shakspeare sic I think it is who treats/Of Ghosts in days of old/Who 'gibbered in the Roman streets". a b Prickett Stephen (2005) Victorian Fantasy Baylor University Press p80 ISBN 1-932792-30-9 a b c Parsons Marnie (1994) Touch monkeys: nonsense strategies for reading twentieth-century poetry University of Toronto Press pp 67 -73 ISBN 0-8020-2983-3 a b c d e f g h i j k Carroll Lewis (2010) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass p96 Createspace ltd ISBN 1-4505-7761-X a b c d e f g h i j k l m Carroll Lewis (Author) Tenniel John (2003) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass Penguin Classics pp328-331 ISBN 0-14-143976-9 Carroll Lewis (2005) Through the Looking Glass. Hayes Barton Press p. 4 ISBN: L99970160 a b c d e f Lewis Carroll (2006) 1876. The Annotated Hunting of the Snark. edited with notes by Martin Gardner illustrations by Henry Holiday and others introduction by Adam Gopnik ("Definitive Edition" ed.). W. W. Norton. ISBN 0393062422.  a b c d e Carroll Lewis (2009) Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass "Explanatory notes"; Editor: Hunt Peter. OUP Oxford. p283 ISBN 0-19-955829-9 References the Oxford English Dictionary (1530). a b Lewis Carroll Letter to Maud Standen December 1877 The Merriam-Webster new book of word histories (1991) Merriam Webster p247 ISBN 0-87779-603-3 From the preface to Through the Looking-Glass. Gardner Martin ed. (1971) 1960. The Annotated Alice. New York: The World Publishing Company. pp. 195196.  Gross and McDowell (1996) Sound and form in modern poetry By p15 The University of Michigan Press ISBN 0-472-06517-3 For a full linguistic and phonetic analysis of the poem see the article "Jabberwocky back to Old English: Nonsense Anglo-Saxon and Oxford" by Lucas Peter J. in Language History and Linguistic Modelling (1997) p503-520 ISBN 978-3-11-014504-5 Lim Keith. Jabberwocky Variations: Translations. Accessed 2007-10-21. a b Hofstadter Douglas R. (1980). "Translations of Jabberwocky". Gdel Escher Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. New York NY: Vintage Books. ISBN 0394745027. http://www76.pair.com/keithlim/jabberwocky/poem/hofstadter.html.  Full translations of "Jabberwocky" into French and German can be found in The Annotated Alice along with a discussion of why some translation decisions were made. M. Gardner ed. The Annotated Alice 1960; London: Penguin 1970 p. 193f. Chao Yuen Ren (1969). "Dimensions of Fidelity in Translation With Special Reference to Chinese". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Harvard-Yenching Institute) 29: 109130. doi:10.2307/2718830. JSTOR 2718830  Gifford Rob. "The Great Wall of the Mind." China Road. Random House. 2008. 237. Robinson Andrew (2004) Satyajit Ray. I.B. Tauris p29 Wael Al-Mahdi (2010) Jabberwocky in Arabic Vansittart Augustus Arthur (1872). "Mors Iabrochii". In Zaroff Ruth Ann (in Latin). Jabberwocky. London. http://www.ruthannzaroff.com/wonderland/jabberwocky.htm.  Green Roger Lancelyn (1970) The Lewis Carroll Handbook "Jabberwocky and other parodies" : Dawson of Pall Mall London Prickett Stephen (2005) Victorian Fantasy Baylor University Press p113 ISBN 1-932792-30-9 Chesterton G. K (1953) "Lewis Carroll" in A Handful of Authors ed. Dorothy Collins Sheed and Ward London Jacobs Frank (1968) Mad for better or verse N.A.L Strunklemiss "Lewis Carroll in cyberspace" Guardian 12 August 2001 Adams Douglas (1988) Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Pocket Books p65 ISBN 0-671-74606-5 Further reading Dolitsky Marlene (1984) Under the tumtum tree: from nonsense to sense a study in nonautomatic comprehension. J. Benjamins Pub. Co. Amsterdam Philadelphia . Gardner Martin (1999). The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition. New York NY: W.W. Norton and Company. Green Roger Lancelyn (1970) The Lewis Carroll Handbook "Jabberwocky and other parodies" : Dawson of Pall Mall London Hofstadter Douglas R. (1980). "Translations of Jabberwocky". Gdel Escher Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. New York NY: Vintage Books. ISBN 0394745027. http://www76.pair.com/keithlim/jabberwocky/poem/hofstadter.html.  Lucas Peter J. (1997) "Jabberwocky back to Old English: Nonsense Anglo-Saxon and Oxford" in Language History and Linguistic Modelling ISBN 978-3-11-014504-5 Richards Fran. "The Poetic Structure of Jabberwocky." Jabberwocky: The Journal of the Lewis Carroll Society. 8:1 (1978/79). 16-19. Rundus Raymond J. (October 1967). ""O Frabjous Day!": Introducing Poetry". The English Journal (National Council of Teachers of English) 56 (7): 958963. doi:10.2307/812632. JSTOR 812632.  External links Wikisource has original text related to this article: Jabberwocky Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jabberwocky Essay: "Translations of Jabberwocky". Douglas R. Hofstadter 1980 from Gdel Escher Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid ISBN 0-394-74502-7 Vintage Books New York NY BBC Video Poetry Foundation Biography of Lewis Caroll The Lewis Carroll Journal published by The Lewis Carroll Society. v d eLewis Carroll's Alice Source texts Alice's Adventures in Wonderland  Through the Looking-Glass  The Nursery "Alice"  "The Hunting of the Snark" Authors Lewis Carroll  Anna Matlack Richards  Saki  Gilbert Adair  Frank Beddor Illustrators John Tenniel  Arthur Rackham  Blanche McManus  Peter Newell  Fanny Y. Cory  Bessie Pease Gutmann  Charles Robinson  Harry Rountree  Harry Furniss  Mabel Lucie Attwell  Milo Winter  Oliver Herford  Uriel Birnbaum  Jessie Wilcox Smith  Charles Folkard  Mervyn Peake  Alex Blum  Leonard Weisgard  Walt Disney  Marjorie Torrey  Tove Jansson  Ralph Steadman  Frank Bolle  Charles Blackman  Barry Moser  Michael Hague  Anthony Browne  Willy Pogany  Marie Laurencin  Salvador Dali  Greg Hildebrandt  Gavin O'Keefe  Tony Ross  Angel Dominguez  Helen Oxenbury  Lisbeth Zwerger  Oleg Lipchenko  Franciszka Themerson Characters Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Alice  The White Rabbit  The Mouse  The Dodo  The Duck  The Lory  Eaglet  Bill the Lizard  The Caterpillar  The Duchess  The Cheshire Cat  The March Hare  The Hatter  The Dormouse  The Queen of Hearts  The King of Hearts  The Knave of Hearts  The Gryphon  The Mock Turtle  Pat  The Cook Through the Looking-Glass Alice  The Red Queen  The White Queen  The Red King  The White King  The White Knight  Tweedledum and Tweedledee  The Sheep  Humpty Dumpty  Haigha  Hatta  The Lion and the Unicorn  Bandersnatch  Jubjub Bird Poems "How Doth the Little Crocodile"  "The Mouse's Tale"  "Twinkle Twinkle Little Bat"  "You Are Old Father William"  "'Tis the Voice of the Lobster"  "Jabberwocky"  "The Walrus and the Carpenter"  "Haddocks' Eyes"  "They told me you had been to her..."  "The Mock Turtle's Song"  "The Hunting of the Snark" Related topics Alice Liddell  Alice's Shop  The Annotated Alice  Works based on Alice in Wonderland  Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland  Translations of Through the Looking-Glass Adaptations Sequels A New Alice in the Old Wonderland (1895)  New Adventures of Alice (1917)  Alice Through the Needle's Eye (1982)  Wonderland Revisited and the Games Alice Played There (2009) Retellings Alice's Adventures in Wonderland retold in words of one syllable (1905)  Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland (2010) Parodies The Westminster Alice (1902)  Clara in Blunderland (1902)  Lost in Blunderland (1903)  John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland (1904)  Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream (1904) Imitations Mopsa the Fairy (1869)  Davy and the Goblin (1884)  The Admiral's Caravan (1891)  Gladys in Grammarland (1896)  A New Wonderland (1898)  Rollo in Emblemland (1902)  Justnowland (1912)  Alice in Orchestralia (1925) Reimagining Adventures in Wonderland (1991)  American McGee's Alice (2000)  The Looking Glass Wars (2006)  Alice (2009)  Malice in Wonderland (2009)  Alice: Madness Returns (2011) Film 1903  1910  1915  1931  1933  1949  1951  1966  1972  1976  1982  1985  1987   1988 (Czech)  1988 (Australian)  1995  1999  2010 Book:Alice in Wonderland   Category:Alice in Wonderland   Portal:Children's literature