Jimmy Wales Wales in December 2008 Born Jimmy Donal Wales August 7 1966 (1966-08-07) (age 44) Huntsville Alabama U.S. Residence St. Petersurg Florida U.S. Other names Jimbo Alma mater Auburn University University of Alabama Indiana University Bloomington Occupation Financial trader (former) Internet entrepreneur Title President of Wikia Inc. (2004present) Chairman of Wikimedia Foundation (June 2003  October 2006) Chairman Emeritus Wikimedia Foundation (October 2006present) Successor Florence Devouard Board member of Wikimedia Foundation Creative Commons Socialtext Sunlight Foundation (advisory board) MIT Center for Collective Intelligence (advisory board) CiviliNation1 Awards see below Website Blog.JimmyWales.com

Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales ( /donl welz/; born August 7 1966)2 is an American Internet entrepreneur and a co-founder and promoter of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.34

Wales was born in Huntsville Alabama in the U.S. and he attended Randolph School a university-preparatory school then earned bachelor's and master's degrees in finance. While in graduate school he taught at two universities but left before completing a Ph.D. in order to take a job in finance and later worked as the research director of a Chicago futures and options firm. In 1996 he and two partners founded Bomis a male-oriented web portal featuring entertainment and adult content. The company would provide the initial funding for the peer-reviewed free encyclopedia Nupedia (20002003) and its successor Wikipedia.

In 2001 with Larry Sanger and others Wales helped launch Wikipedia a free open content encyclopedia that enjoyed rapid growth and popularity and as Wikipedia's public profile grew he became the project's promoter and spokesman. He is historically cited as a co-founder of Wikipedia though he has disputed the "co-" designation declaring himself the sole founder.56 Wales serves on the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation the non-profit charitable organization he helped establish to operate Wikipedia holding its board-appointed "community founder" seat. In 2004 he co-founded Wikia a for-profit wiki-hosting service.

Wales has been married twice and has a daughter with his second wife Christine from whom he is separated. He has described himself as an Objectivist and with reservations a libertarian. His role in creating Wikipedia which has become the world's largest encyclopedia prompted Time magazine to name him in its 2006 list of the world's most influential people. Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2.1 Chicago Options Associates and Bomis 2.2 Nupedia and the origins of Wikipedia 2.3 Wikipedia 2.3.1 Controversy 2.3.2 Role 2.4 Wikimedia Foundation 2.5 Wikia and later pursuits 3 Thought and influences 4 Personal life 5 Honors awards and positions 6 Published work 7 References 8 External links Early life and education

Wales was born in Huntsville Alabama in the U.S. on August 7 1966.27 His father Jimmy8 worked as a grocery store manager while his mother Doris and his grandmother Erma ran the House of Learning9 a small private school in the tradition of the one-room schoolhouse where Wales and his three siblings received their early education.109 As a child Wales was a keen reader with an acute intellectual curiosity4 and in what he credits to the influence of the Montessori method on the school's philosophy of education "spent lots of hours pouring sic over the Britannicas and World Book Encyclopedias." There were only four other children in Wales' grade so the school grouped together the first through fourth grade students and the fifth through eighth grade students. As an adult Wales was sharply critical of the government's treatment of the school citing the "constant interference and bureaucracy and very sort of snobby inspectors from the state" as a formative influence on his political philosophy.11

After eighth grade Wales attended Randolph School12 a university-preparatory school in Huntsville graduating at sixteen.13 Wales said that the school was expensive for his family but that "education was always a passion in my household ... you know the very traditional approach to knowledge and learning and establishing that as a base for a good life."11 He received his bachelor's degree in finance from Auburn University. Wales then entered the Ph.D. finance program at the University of Alabama before leaving with a master's degree to enter the Ph.D. finance program at Indiana University.111013 He taught at both universities during his postgraduate studies but did not write the doctoral dissertation required for a Ph.D. something he ascribed to boredom.1110 Career Chicago Options Associates and Bomis

In 1994 Wales took a job with Chicago Options Associates a futures and options trading firm in Chicago Illinois.111415 By "speculating on interest-rate and foreign-currency fluctuations" he had soon earned enough to "support himself and his wife for the rest of their lives" according to Daniel Pink of Wired magazine.9 Wales has described himself as having been addicted to the Internet from an early stage and used to write computer code as a pastime.16 During his studies in Alabama he became an obsessive player of Multi-User Dungeons (MUDs)a type of virtual role-playing gameand thereby experienced the potential of computer networks to foster large-scale collaborative projects.1317 The staff of Wales' internet company Bomis photographed in Summer 2000. Wales is third from the left in the back row with his then-wife Christine.

Inspired by the remarkable initial public offering of Netscape in 1995 he decided to become an Internet entrepreneur13 and in 1996 founded the web portal Bomis with two partners.918 The website featured user-generated webrings and for a time sold erotic photographs.19 Wales described it as a "guy-oriented search engine" with a market similar to that of Maxim magazine;111020 and according to The Atlantic Monthly it "found itself positioned as the Playboy of the Internet".18 Bomis did not become successful but in March 2000 hosted and provided the initial funding for the Nupedia project.10921 Nupedia and the origins of Wikipedia Main article: Nupedia Philosopher Larry Sanger whom Wales hired as editor-in-chief of Nupedia

Though Bomis had struggled to make money it provided Wales with the funding to pursue his greater passion an online encyclopedia.10 While moderating an online discussion group devoted to the philosophy of Objectivism in the early 1990s Wales had encountered Larry Sanger a sceptic of the philosophy.4 The two had engaged in detailed debate on the subject on Wales' list and then on Sanger's eventually meeting offline to continue the debate and becoming friends.4 Years later after deciding to pursue his encyclopedia project and seeking a credentialed academic to lead it17 Wales hired Sangerwho at that time was a doctoral student in philosophy at Ohio State Universityto be its editor-in-chief and in March 2000 Nupedia ("the free encyclopedia") a peer-reviewed open-content encyclopedia was launched.1110 The intent behind Nupedia was to have expert-written entries on a variety of topics and to sell advertising alongside the entries in order to make profit.4 The project was characterized by an extensive peer-review process designed to make its articles of a quality comparable to that of professional encyclopedias.22 The idea was to have thousands of volunteers writing articles for an online encyclopedia in all languages. Initially we found ourselves organising the work in a very top-down structured academic old-fashioned way. It was no fun for the volunteer writers because we had a lot of academic peer review committees who would criticise articles and give feedback. It was like handing in an essay at grad school and basically intimidating to participate in. Jimmy Wales on the Nupedia project New Scientist January 31 200723 In January 2001 Sanger was introduced to the concept of a wiki by extreme programming enthusiast Ben Kovitz after explaining to Kovitz the slow pace of growth Nupedia endured as a result of its onerous submission process.24 Kovitz suggested that adopting the wiki model would allow editors to contribute simultaneously and incrementally throughout the project thus breaking Nupedia's bottleneck.24 Sanger was excited about the idea and after he proposed it to Wales they created the first Nupedia wiki on January 10 2001.24 The wiki was initially intended as a collaborative project for the public to write articles that would then be reviewed for publication by Nupedia's expert volunteers. The majority of Nupedia's experts however wanted nothing to do with this project fearing that mixing amateur content with professionally researched and edited material would compromise the integrity of Nupedia's information and damage the credibility of the encyclopedia.25 Thus the wiki project dubbed "Wikipedia" by Sanger5 went live at a separate domain five days after its creation.1521 Wikipedia Main article: History of Wikipedia While Sanger saw Wikipedia primarily as a tool to aid Nupedia development Wales felt that Wikipedia might have the potential to become the truly collaborative open effort of knowledge building he dreamed of.262728 Initially neither Sanger nor Wales knew what to expect from the Wikipedia initiative.1517 Wales feared that at worst it might produce "complete rubbish".15 To the surprise of Sanger and Wales within a few days of launching the number of articles on Wikipedia had outgrown that of Nupedia and a small collective of editors had formed.1417 Many of the early contributors to the site were familiar with the model of the free culture movement and like Wales many of them sympathized with the open-source movement.25 Wales has said that he was initially so worried with the concept of open editing where anyone can edit the encyclopedia that he would awake during the night and monitor what was being added.2930 Nonetheless the cadre of early editors helped create a robust self-regulating community that has proven conducive to the growth of the project.10 Sanger developed Wikipedia in its early phase and guided the project.531 The broader idea he ascribes to Wales remarking in a 2005 memoir for Slashdot that "the idea of an open source collaborative encyclopedia open to contribution by ordinary people was entirely Jimmy's not mine and the funding was entirely by Bomis" adding "the actual development of this encyclopedia was the task he gave me to work on."32 Sanger worked on and promoted both the Nupedia and Wikipedia projects until Bomis discontinued funding for his position in February 2002;33 Sanger resigned as editor-in-chief of Nupedia and as "chief organizer" of Wikipedia on March 1 of that year.3435 In the early years Wales had supplied the financial backing for the projectclarification needed3136 and entertained the notion of placing advertisements on Wikipedia before costs were reduced with Sanger's departure and plans for a nonprofit foundation were advanced instead.37 Controversy Further information: History of Wikipedia#Early roles of Wales and Sanger Wales has asserted that he is the sole founder of Wikipedia6 and has publicly disputed Sanger's designation as a co-founder. Sanger and Wales were identified as co-founders at least as early as September 2001 by The New York Times and as founders in Wikipedia's first press release in January 2002.3839 In August of that year Wales identified himself as "co-founder" of Wikipedia.40 Sanger assembled on his personal webpage an assortment of links that appear to confirm the status of Sanger and Wales as co-founders.541 For example Sanger and Wales are historically cited or described in early news citations and press releases as co-founders.5 Wales was quoted by The Boston Globe as calling Sanger's claim "preposterous" in February 200642 and called "the whole debate silly" in an April 2009 interview.43 In late 2005 Wales edited his own biographical entry on the English Wikipedia. Writer Rogers Cadenhead drew attention to logs showing that in his edits to the page Wales had removed references to Sanger as the co-founder of Wikipedia.4445 Sanger commented that "having seen edits like this it does seem that Jimmy is attempting to rewrite history. But this is a futile process because in our brave new world of transparent activity and maximum communication the truth will out."2046 Wales was also observed to have modified references to Bomis in a way that was characterized as downplaying the sexual nature of some of his former company's products.1520 Though Wales argued that his modifications were solely intended to improve the accuracy of the content20 he apologized for editing his own biography a practice generally discouraged on Wikipedia.2046 Role Wales delivering the keynote speech ("The State of the Wiki") at Wikimania the conference for Wikimedia projects in Buenos Aires in 2009 In a 2004 interview with Slashdot Wales outlined his vision for Wikipedia: "Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing."47 Although his formal designation is board member and chairman emeritus of the Wikimedia Foundation Wales' social capital within the Wikipedia community has accorded him a status that has been characterized as benevolent dictator constitutional monarch and spiritual leader.484950 He was also the closest the project had to a spokesperson in its early years.4 The growth and prominence of Wikipedia made Wales an Internet celebrity51 and although he had never traveled outside North America prior to the site's founding his participation in the Wikipedia project saw him flying internationally on a near-constant basis as its public face.416 Despite involvement in other projects Wales has denied intending to reduce his role within Wikipedia telling The New York Times in 2008 that "Dialing down is not an option for me ... Not to be too dramatic about it but 'to create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person on the planet in their own language' that's who I am. That's what I am doing. That's my life goal."49 In May 2010 the BBC reported that Wales had relinquished many of his technical privileges on Wikimedia Commons (a Wikipedia sister project that hosts much of its multimedia content) after criticism by the project's volunteer community over what they saw as Wales' hasty and undemocratic approach to deleting images he believed "appeal solely to prurient interests".52 Wikimedia Foundation Main article: Wikimedia Foundation Wales appearing as a member of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees on a panel at Wikimania 2007. In mid-2003 Wales set up the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) a non-profit organization founded in St. Petersburg Florida and later headquartered on the West Coast of the United States in San Francisco California.5354 All intellectual property rights and domain names pertaining to Wikipedia were moved to the new foundation55 whose purpose is to establish general policy for the encyclopedia and its sister projects.17 Wales has been a member of the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees since it was formed and was its official chairman from 2003 through 2006.56 Since 2006 he has been accorded the honorary title of Chairman Emeritus and holds the board-appointed "community founder" seat.57 His work for the foundation including his appearances to promote it at computer and educational conferences has always been unpaid.19 Wales has often joked that donating Wikipedia to the foundation was both the "dumbest and the smartest" thing he had done. On the one hand he estimated that Wikipedia was worth US$3 billion; on the other he weighed his belief that the donation made possible its success.23555859 Wales' association with the foundation has led to controversy. In March 2008 Wales was accused by former Wikimedia Foundation employee Danny Wool of misusing the foundation's funds for recreational purposes. Wool also stated that Wales had his Wikimedia credit card taken away in part because of his spending habits a claim Wales denied.60 Then-chairperson of the foundation Florence Devouard and former foundation interim Executive Director Brad Patrick denied any wrongdoing by Wales or the foundation saying that Wales accounted for every expense and that for items for which he lacked receipts he paid out of his own pocket; in private Devouard upbraided Wales for "constantly trying to rewrite the past".61 Later in March 2008 it was claimed by Jeffrey Vernon Merkey that Wales had edited Merkey's Wikipedia entry to make it more favorable in return for donations to the Wikimedia Foundation an allegation Wales dismissed as "nonsense".6263 Wikia and later pursuits In 2004 Wales and then-fellow member of the WMF Board of Trustees Angela Beesley founded the for-profit company Wikia.14 Wikia is a wiki farma collection of individual wikis on different subjects all hosted on the same website. It hosts some of the largest wikis outside Wikipedia including Memory Alpha (devoted to Star Trek) and Wookieepedia (Star Wars).64 Another service offered by Wikia was Wikia Search an open source search engine intended to challenge Google and introduce transparency and public dialogue about how it is created into the search engine's operations65 but the project was abandoned in March 2009.66 Wales stepped down as Wikia CEO to be replaced by angel investor Gil Penchina a former vice president and general manager at eBay on June 5 2006.67 Penchina declared Wikia to have reached profitability in September 2009.68 In addition to his role at Wikia Wales is a public speaker represented by the Harry Walker Agency.6970 and has participated in a celebrity endorsement campaign for the Swiss watch maker Maurice Lacroix. Thought and influences Wales in June 2008 Wales is a self-avowed "Objectivist to the core"65 referring to the philosophy developed by writer Ayn Rand in the mid-20th century emphasizing individualism atheism capitalism and the primacy of rationality. Wales first encountered the philosophy through reading Rand's novel The Fountainhead while an undergraduate11 and in 1992 founded an electronic mailing list devoted to "Moderated Discussion of Objectivist Philosophy".471 Though he has stated that the philosophy "colours everything I do and think"4 he has said "I think I do a better jobthan a lot of people who self-identify as Objectivistsof not pushing my point of view on other people."72 When asked about Rand's influence by Brian Lamb in his appearance on C-SPAN's Q&A in September 2005 Wales cited integrity and "the virtue of independence" as important to him personally. When asked if he could trace "the Ayn Rand connection" to having a political philosophy at the time of the interview Wales reluctantly labeled himself a libertarian qualifying his remark by referring to the United States Libertarian Party as "lunatics" and citing "freedom liberty basically individual rights that idea of dealing with other people in a matter that is not initiating force against them" as his guiding principles.11 An interview with Wales served as the cover feature of the June 2007 issue of the libertarian magazine Reason.10 In that profile he described his political views as "center-right." The January/February 2006 issue of Maximum PC reported that Wales had refused to comply with a request from the People's Republic of China to censor "politically sensitive" articles in Wikipedia. Other big business Internet companies such as Google Yahoo! and Microsoft had already yielded to Chinese government pressure. Wales let it be known that he would rather see companies such as Google follow suit on Wikipedia's policy of freedom of information.73 In 2010 he criticized whistleblower website Wikileaks and its editor in chief Julian Assange saying that their publication of Afghan war documents "could be enough to get someone killed" and he expressed irritation at their use of the name "wiki":74 "What they're doing is not really a wiki. The essence of wiki is a collaborative editing...".75 Wales cites Austrian School economist Friedrich von Hayek's essay "The Use of Knowledge in Society" which he read as an undergraduate15 as "central" to his thinking about "how to manage the Wikipedia project".10 Hayek argued that information is decentralised  that each individual only knows a small fraction of what is known collectively  and that as a result decisions are best made by those with local knowledge rather than by a central authority.10 Wales reconsidered Hayek's essay in the 1990s while reading about the open source movement (which advocated that software be free and distributed). He was moved in particular by "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" an essay and later book by one of the founders of the movement Eric S. Raymond which "opened his eyes to the possibilities of mass collaboration".15 From his background in finance and working as a futures and options trader Wales developed an interest in game theory and the effect of incentives on human collaborative activity a fascination to which he credits enabling much of his effort with Wikipedia.76 He has rejected the notion that his role in promoting Wikipedia is altruistic which he defines as "sacrificing your own values for others" stating "that participating in a benevolent effort to share information is somehow destroying your own values makes no sense to me".16 Personal life Wales with his second wife Christine Wales has been married twice and has one child.1116 At the age of 20 Wales married Pam a co-worker at a grocery-store in Alabama.16 He met his second wife Christine Rohan through a friend in Chicago while she was working as a steel trader for Mitsubishi.1113 The couple were married in Monroe County Florida in March 199777 and had a daughter before separating.1116 Wales moved to San Diego in 1998 and after being dissuaded by the housing market there relocated in 2002 to St. Petersburg Florida36 where he has remained as of 2007update.1378 Wales had a brief relationship with Canadian conservative columnist Rachel Marsden in 2008 that began after Marsden contacted Wales about her Wikipedia biography.79 After accusations that Wales' relationship constituted a conflict of interest Wales stated that there had been a relationship but that it was over and claimed that it had not influenced any matters on Wikipedia8081 a claim which was disputed by Marsden.82 In February 2011 Wales was reported by The Guardian to have been engaged to Kate Garvey Tony Blair's former diary secretary whom he met in Davos Switzerland.83 Honors awards and positions Wales receiving the Quadriga award on October 3 2008 Wales with the Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize on January 26 2011 Wales is a member of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School11 and the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence84 the Board of Directors at Creative Commons85 Socialtext86 and Hunch.com87 and former co-chair of the World Economic Forum on the Middle East 2008.88 Wales was listed in the "Scientists & Thinkers" section of the Time 100 in 200689 and number 12 in Forbes "The Web Celebs 25".90 Wales has also given a lecture in the Stuart Regen Visionary series at New Museum which "honors special individuals who have made major contributions to art and culture and are actively imagining a better future" 91 and by the World Economic Forum as one of the 'Young Global Leaders' of 2007.92 Wales has received a Pioneer Award93 the Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize in 20119495 the Monaco Media Prize96 the 2009 Nokia Foundation annual award97 the Business Process Award at the 7th Annual Innovation Awards and Summit by The Economist98 The 2008 Global Brand Icon of the Year Award99 and on behalf of the Wikimedia project the Quadriga award of Werkstatt Deutschland for A Mission of Enlightenment.100 Wales has also received honorary degrees from Knox College101 Amherst College102 Stevenson University102103 and Argentina's Universidad Empresarial Siglo 21.104 Published work Brooks Robert; Jon Corson Jimmy Donal Wales (1994). "The Pricing of Index Options When the Underlying Assets All Follow a Lognormal Diffusion". Advances in Futures and Options Research 7. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfmabstractid5735.  Wales Jimmy; Andrea Weckerle (December 31 2008) "Foreword" in Fraser Matthew; Dutta Soumitra Throwing Sheep in the Boardroom: How Online Social Networking Will Transform Your Life Work and World (1st ed.) Wiley ISBN 0470740140 OCLC 233939846.  Wales Jimmy; Andrea Weckerle (January 8 2009). "Commentary: Create a tech-friendly U.S. government". CNN.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/01/07/wales.obama.cto/.  Wales Jimmy; Andrea Weckerle (February 10 2009) "Foreword" in Powell Juliette 33 Million People in the Room: How to Create Influence and Run a Successful Business with Social Networking (1st ed.) Financial Times Press ISBN 0137154356 OCLC 244066502.  Wales Jimmy; Andrea Weckerle (March 3 2009) "Foreword" in Weber Larry Marketing to the Social Web: How Digital Customer Communities Build Your Business (2nd ed.) Wiley ISBN 0470410973 OCLC 244060887.  Wales Jimmy (March 17 2009) "Foreword" in Lih Andrew The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia (1st ed.) Hyperion ISBN 1401303714 OCLC 232977686.  Wales Jimmy; Andrea Weckerle (March 30 2009). "Most Define User-Generated Content Too Narrowly". Advertising Age 80. http://www.aef.com/industry/news/data/2009/9014.  Wales Jimmy; Andrea Weckerle (December 28 2009). "Keep a Civil Cybertongue". The Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company). http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704107104574572101333074122.html.  References "Board of Directors". CiviliNation website. http://civilination.org/about-2/board-of-directors/. Retrieved February 19 2011.  a b "Jimmy Wales". Britannica Book of the Year. 2007. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1192821/Jimmy-Wales. "Researcher's note". Britannica. 2007. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1192821/Jimmy-Wales/1192821suppinfo/Supplemental-Informationanchortoc9439003. Retrieved 2007-07-25.  "Jimmy Wales". Monroe Florida's County Clerk website (Marriage License Database). http://www.clerk-of-the-court.com/default.asp. Retrieved 2008-05-21.  editor Clifford Thompson... (February 28 2007). Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson. ISBN 978-0824210748.  Who's Who In America: Diamond Edition (60 ed.). Marquis Who's Who. October 12 2005. ISBN 978-0837969909.  "Wikipedia: 50 languages 1/2 million articles". Wikimedia Foundation Press Release. Wikimedia Foundation. 2004-04-25. http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.phptitleWikimediapressreleases/500000Wikipediaarticles&oldid473206. Retrieved 2009-04-10. "The Wikipedia project was founded in January 2001 by Internet entrepreneur Jimmy Wales and philosopher Larry Sanger" quoted from the April 25th 2004 first-ever press release issued by the Wikimedia Foundation.  "Wikipedia the free encyclopedia reaches its 100000th article". Wikipedia Press Release. Wikipedia. 2003-01-21. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.phptitleWikipedia:Pressreleases/January2003&oldid93032067. Retrieved 2009-04-10.  a b c d e f g h i "Brain scan: The free-knowledge fundamentalist". Technology Quarterly (The Economist). 2008-06-05. http://www.economist.com/science/tq/displaystory.cfmstoryid11484062. Retrieved 2008-06-09.  a b c d e Bergstein Brian (March 25 2007). "Sanger says he co-started Wikipedia". MSNBC. Associated Press. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17798723/. Retrieved March 26 2007. "The nascent Web encyclopedia Citizendium springs from Larry Sanger a philosophy Ph.D. who counts himself as a co-founder of Wikipedia the site he now hopes to usurp. The claim does not seem particularly controversialSanger has long been cited as a co-founder. Yet the other founder Jimmy Wales is not happy about it."  a b Olson Parmy (October 18 2006). "A New Kid On The Wiki Block". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2006/10/18/sanger-wikipedia-citizendium-face-cxpo1018autofacescan02.html. Retrieved 2009-03-28.  Rogoway Mike (July 27 2007). "Wikipedia & its founder disagree on his birth date". Silicon Forest. The Oregonian. http://blog.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2007/07/onwikipediaanditsfounders.html. Retrieved October 31 2008.  Kazek Kelly (August 11 2006). "Geek to chic: Wikipedia founder a celebrity". The News Courier. Archived from the original on March 20 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080320205344/http://valdostadailytimes.com/entertainment/cnhinspopculturestory223174601.html. "Doris Wales husband Jimmy wasnt sure what she was thinking when she bought a World Book Encyclopedia set from a traveling salesman in 1968."  a b c d e Pink Daniel H. (March 13 2005). "The Book Stops Here". Wired 13 (3). http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.03/wiki.html. Retrieved October 31 2008.  a b c d e f g h i j k Mangu-Ward Katherine (June 2007). "Wikipedia and beyond: Jimmy Wales' sprawling vision". Reason 39 (2): p. 21. http://www.reason.com/news/show/119689.html. Retrieved 2008-10-31.  a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lamb Brian (September 25 2005). "Q&A: Jimmy Wales Wikipedia founder". C-SPAN. http://www.q-and-a.org/Transcript/ProgramID1042. Retrieved 2006-10-31.  Brown David (2007-12-11). "Jimmy Wales '83". Alumni Profiles (Randolph School). http://www.randolphschool.net/alumni/welcome/profiles.aspnewsid432566. Retrieved 2008-10-31.  a b c d e f Barnett Cynthia (September 2005). "Wiki Mania". Florida Trend 48 (5): p. 62. Archived from the original on October 17 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20061017142949/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.aspa5617&s1&d9/1/2005.  a b c McNichol Tom (May 1 2007). "Building a Wiki World". Business 2.0 (CNN). http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2archive/2007/03/01/8401010/. Retrieved October 31 2007.  a b c d e f g Schiff Stacy (2006-07-31). "Know It All". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/31/060731fafact. Retrieved 2008-10-31.  b "Even Wales has been caught airbrushing his Wikipedia entryeighteen times in the past year. He is particularly sensitive about references to the porn traffic on his Web portal. 'Adult content' or 'glamour photography' are the terms that he prefers though as one user pointed out on the site they are perhaps not the most precise way to describe lesbian strip-poker threesomes. (In January Wales agreed to a compromise: 'erotic photography')." a b c d e f Lipsky-Karasz Alisa (September 2008). "Mr. Know-It-All". W magazine. http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2008/09/jimmywales. Retrieved October 31 2008.  a b c d e The Atlantic Monthly September 2006 p. 93. "Wales though was a businessman. He wanted to build a free encyclopedia and Wikipedia offered a very rapid and economically efficient means to that end. The articles flooded in many were good and they cost him almost nothing. ... In 2003 Wales decided to diminish his own authority by transferring Wikipedia and all of its assets to the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation whose sole purpose is to set general policy for Wikipedia and its allied projects. ... Waless benign rule has allowed Wikipedia to do what it does best: grow. The numbers are staggering." a b The Atlantic Monthly September 2006 p. 88. "In 1996 Wales and two partners founded a Web directory called Bomis. ... Wales focused on the bottom-up strategy using Web rings and it worked. Bomis users built hundreds of ringson cars computers sports and especially 'babes' (e.g. the Anna Kournikova Web ring) effectively creating an index of the 'laddie' Web. Instead of helping all users find all content Bomis found itself positioned as the Playboy of the Internet helping guys find guy stuff." a b Brennen Jensen (June 26 2006). "Access for All". The Chronicle of Philanthropy 18 (18).  a b c d e Hansen Evan (December 19 2005). "Wikipedia Founder Edits Own Bio". Wired News. http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69880. Retrieved October 31 2008.  a b Rosenzweig Roy (June 2006). "Can History Be Open Source Wikipedia and the Future of the Past" (reprint). The Journal of American History 93 (1): 117146. doi:10.2307/4486062. http://chnm.gmu.edu/resources/essays/d/42. Retrieved April 22 2009.  Gouthro Liane (March 14 2000). "Building the world's biggest encyclopedia". PC World (CNN). http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/03/14/nupedia.idg/. Retrieved October 31 2008.  a b Marks Paul (February 3 2007). "Interview with Jimmy Wales: Knowledge to the people" (video). New Scientist (Reed Business Information) 193 (2589): 44. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19325896.300-interview-knowledge-to-the-people.html. Retrieved 2008-10-31.  a b c The Atlantic Monthly September 2006 p. 91. "The wiki technology quickly gained a devoted following within the software community. And there it remained until January 2001 when Sanger had dinner with an old friend named Ben Kovitz. ... Over tacos that night Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedias lack of progress the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. ... Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out 'wiki magic' the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming Kovitz said it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. ... Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on January 10 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be fed into the Nupedia process of authorization." a b Sidener Jonathan (December 6 2004). "Everyone's encyclopedia". The San Diego Union-Tribune: p. C1. http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/newsmz1b6encyclo.html. Retrieved April 22 2009.  Charles Leadbeater (1 July 2009). We-Think: Mass Innovation Not Mass Production. Profile Books. p. 14. ISBN 9781861978370. http://books.google.com/booksidipHhSn00OeQC&pgPA14. Retrieved 4 June 2011. "Sanger wanted to revitalise Nupedia but Wales saw a more radical possibility: to create an entirely open highly collaborative approach to knowledge."  Emmanuel Gobillot (28 June 2011). Leadershift: Reinventing Leadership for the Age of Mass Collaboration. Kogan Page Publishers. p. 84. ISBN 9780749463038. http://books.google.com/booksidlOr8ic7WVMEC&pgPA84. Retrieved 4 June 2011. "Wikis would speed up Nupedia's development whilst transforming it into the true collaborative effort Wales dreamed of. As a result of this new technology Wikipedia was born in earnest on 15 January 2001."  Larry Sanger (1 November 2005). "The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir". Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution. O'Reilly Media Inc.. pp. 312. ISBN 9780596008024. http://books.google.com/booksidq9GnNrq3e5EC&pgPA312. Retrieved 4 June 2011. "To be clear the idea of an open source collaborative/encyclopedia open to contribution by ordinary people was entirely Jimmy's not mine and the funding was entirely by Bomis. I was merely a grateful employee; I thought I was very lucky to have a job like that land in my lap."  Getz Arlene (February 1 2007). "In Search of an Online Utopia". Newsweek (msnbc.com). 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"Update on Wikia  doing more of whats working". blog.jimmywales.com. Retrieved on May 4 2009. "Wikia taps eBay exec as CEO". San Francisco Business Times. June 5 2006. http://sanfrancisco.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2006/06/05/daily9.html. Retrieved 2006-06-05.  LaVallee Andrew (September 9 2009). "Wikia Hits Profit Target Early". Digits (The Wall Street Journal). http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/09/09/wikia-hits-profit-target-early/. Retrieved October 17 2009.  "Jimmy Wales". harrywalker.com. Harry Walker Agency. http://www.harrywalker.com/speaker/Jimmy-Wales.cfmSpeaID1135. Retrieved September 25 2009.  "Jimmy Wales (full biography)" (PDF). harrywalker.com. Harry Walker Agency. http://www.harrywalker.com/bios/WalesJimmy.pdf. Retrieved September 25 2009.  Runciman David (May 28 2009). "Like Boiling a Frog". London Review of Books. http://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n10/runc01.html. Retrieved May 21 2009.  Sirius R.U. (July 29 2007). "Jimmy Wales Will Destroy Google". 10 Zen Monkeys. http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2007/01/29/wikipedia-jimmy-wales-rusirius-google-objectivism/. Retrieved October 31 2008.  Maximum PC 2006 holiday issue p. 9 Future US Inc. ISSN 1522-4279 Lindor Reynolds. "Wikipedia co-founder slams Wikileaks". AFP. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h88Z4oCWBfdZKGxXLSowK3RYUNwdocIdCNG.bf57684dba4b5bc4d7503b36b06a8e30.941. Retrieved 2010-09-28.  "Jimmy Wales: 'It's not about how many pages. It's about how good they are'". Independent (London). December 20 2010. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/jimmy-wales-its-not-about-how-many-pages-its-about-how-good-they-are-2164840.html. Retrieved December 29 2010.  Cole Bruce (March/April 2007). "Building a Community of Knowledge". Humanities 28 (2): 614. http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2007-03/BuildingACommunity.htm. Retrieved December 27 2009.  "Florida Marriage Collection 18221875 and 19272001". 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Retrieved 2008-02-29.  External links Find more about Jimmy Wales on Wikipedia's sister projects: Images and media from Commons News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Jimmy Wales Wales' official blog Jimmy Wales' active Wikipedia userpage Jimmy Wales on Twitter Wikipedia:Role of Jimmy Wales Wales' role in the English Wikipedia as described by its editors Jimmy Wales at TED Conferences Appearances on C-SPAN Jimmy Wales on Charlie Rose Jimmy Wales at the Internet Movie Database Jimmy Wales collected news and commentary at The Guardian Jimmy Wales collected news and commentary at The New York Times Works by or about Jimmy Wales in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Videos Jimmy Wales. (2006) (ogg vorbis). Video Presentation by Jimmy Wales. 152Mb. Wikipedia Academy. Event occurs at 58 minutes. http://www.archive.org/download/wikipedia-academy-2006-jimmy-wales/wikipedia-academy-2006-jimmy-wales.ogg. Retrieved October 31 2008.  Audio of interview with Wales about Wikipedia on EconTalk podcast March 2009 Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales Interviewed by MacArthur President Jonathan Fanton on YouTube April 9 2009 Jimmy Wales interviewed by Raju Narisetti for The Washington Post's On Leadership series December 1 2009 v d eWikipedia Main articles History  Wikimedia Foundation  Wikimania  MediaWiki  ArbCom  Reliability  Community  Deletionism and inclusionism  Notability  Edit war  Vandalism  Sock puppetry  Academic studies about Wikipedia  In culture People Jimmy Wales  Larry Sanger  Florence Devouard  Oscar van Dillen  Angela Beesley Starling  Sue Gardner  Erik Mller  Michael Snow Events Blocking of Wikipedia by the People's Republic of China  USA Congressional staff edits to Wikipedia  Essjay controversy  Wikipedia biography controversy  Chris Benoit double murder and suicide  Henryk Batuta hoax  Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia  Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia  CAMERA campaign in Wikipedia Related projects Bomis  Nupedia  Citizendium  Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Espaol  Deletionpedia  Interpedia  MyWikiBiz  Veropedia  Wikia  Wikipedia Review  WikiPilipinas  WikiScanner Media The Cult of the Amateur  How Wikipedia Works  La rvolution Wikipdia  The Truth According to Wikipedia  Truth in Numbers  The Wikipedia Revolution  Wikipedia The Missing Manual   The World and Wikipedia   Good Faith Collaboration Wiktionary  Wikibooks  Wikiquote  Wikisource  Wikimedia Commons  Wikinews  Wikiversity v d eWikia Notable projects Lostpedia  LyricWiki  Memory Alpha  The Vault  Uncyclopedia  WoWWiki  Wookieepedia People Jimmy Wales  Gil Penchina  Angela Beesley Starling Other topics Wikia Search Authority control: LCCN: no2009117557 VIAF: 96800423 Persondata Name Wales Jimmy Alternative names Wales Jimbo Short description American Internet entrepreneur co-founder of Wikipedia Date of birth August 7 or 8 1966 Place of birth Huntsville Alabama United States Date of death Place of death