19th-century philosophy Classical economics Region Western Philosophy School Empiricism utilitarianism liberalism Main interests Political philosophy ethics economics inductive logic Notable ideas Public/private sphere hierarchy of pleasures in Utilitarianism liberalism early liberal feminism harm principle Mill's Methods Influenced by Plato Aristotle Epicurus Aquinas Hobbes Locke Bentham Francis Place James Mill Harriet Taylor Mill Smith Ricardo Tocqueville von Humboldt Goethe Coleridge Bain Comte Saint-Simon (Utopian Socialists)1 Influenced William James John Rawls Robert Nozick Bertrand Russell Karl Popper Ronald Dworkin H.L.A. Hart Peter Singer Wilhelm Dilthey Paul Feyerabend Zechariah Chafee John Maynard Keynes Will Kymlicka Carlos Vaz Ferreira Norman Finkelstein

John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 8 May 1873) was a British philosopher economist and civil servant. An influential contributor to social theory political theory and political economy his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control.2 He was a proponent of utilitarianism an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham although his conception of it was very different from Bentham's. Hoping to remedy the problems found in an inductive approach to science such as confirmation bias he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method.3 Mill was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy. Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2.1 Theory of liberty 2.1.1 Mill's view on social liberty and tyranny of majority 2.1.2 View on liberty 2.1.3 View on freedom of speech 2.2 Human rights and slavery 2.2.1 Connection to feminism 2.3 Utilitarianism 2.4 Economic philosophy 2.4.1 Economic democracy 2.4.2 Mill's views on the environment 3 Major publications 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links 7.1 Mill's works 7.2 Secondary works 7.3 Further information Biography

John Stuart Mill was born on Rodney Street in the Pentonville area of London the eldest son of the Scottish philosopher historian and economist James Mill and Harriet Burrow. John Stuart was educated by his father with the advice and assistance of Jeremy Bentham and Francis Place. He was given an extremely rigorous upbringing and was deliberately shielded from association with children his own age other than his siblings. His father a follower of Bentham and an adherent of associationism had as his explicit aim to create a genius intellect that would carry on the cause of utilitarianism and its implementation after he and Bentham had died.4

Mill was a notably precocious child. He describes his education in his autobiography. At the age of three he was taught Greek.5 By the age of eight he had read Aesop's Fables Xenophon's Anabasis5 the whole of Herodotus5 and was acquainted with Lucian Diogenes Lartius Isocrates and six dialogues of Plato.5 He had also read a great deal of history in English and had been taught arithmetic.

At the age of eight he began learning Latin Euclid and algebra and was appointed schoolmaster to the younger children of the family. His main reading was still history but he went through all the commonly taught Latin and Greek authors and by the age of ten could read Plato and Demosthenes with ease. His father also thought that it was important for Mill to study and compose poetry. One of Mill's earliest poetry compositions was a continuation of the Iliad. In his spare time he also enjoyed reading about natural sciences and popular novels such as Don Quixote and Robinson Crusoe.

His father's work The History of British India was published in 1818; immediately thereafter about the age of twelve Mill began a thorough study of the scholastic logic at the same time reading Aristotle's logical treatises in the original language. In the following year he was introduced to political economy and studied Adam Smith and David Ricardo with his father ultimately completing their classical economic view of factors of production. Mill's comptes rendus of his daily economy lessons helped his father in writing Elements of Political Economy in 1821 as textbook to promote the ideas of Ricardian economics however the book lacked popular support.6 Ricardo who was a close friend of his father used to invite the young Mill to his house for a walk in order to talk about political economy.

At age fourteen Mill stayed a year in France with the family of Sir Samuel Bentham brother of Jeremy Bentham. The mountain scenery he saw led to a lifelong taste for mountain landscapes. The lively and friendly way of life of the French also left a deep impression on him. In Montpellier he attended the winter courses on chemistry zoology logic of the Facult des Sciences as well as taking a course of the higher mathematics. While coming and going from France he stayed in Paris for a few days in the house of the renowned economist Jean-Baptiste Say a friend of Mill's father. There he met many leaders of the Liberal party as well as other notable Parisians including Henri Saint-Simon.

This intensive study however had injurious effects on Mill's mental health and state of mind. At the age of twenty7 he suffered a nervous breakdown. In chapter V of his Autobiography he claims that this was caused by the great physical and mental arduousness of his studies which had suppressed any feelings he might have developed normally in childhood. Nevertheless this depression eventually began to dissipate as he began to find solace in the Mmoires of Jean-Franois Marmontel and the poetry of William Wordsworth.8

Mill had been engaged in a pen-friendship with Auguste Comte the founder of positivism and sociology since the two were both young men in the early 1820s. Comte's sociologie was more an early philosophy of science than we perhaps know it today and the positive philosophy aided in Mill's broad rejection of Benthianism.9 Mill refused to study at the University of Oxford or the University of Cambridge because he refused to take Anglican orders.10 Instead he followed his father to work for the East India Company until 1858.11 He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1856.12 In 1851 Mill married Harriet Taylor after 21 years of an intimate friendship. Taylor was married when they met and their relationship was close but generally believed to be chaste during the years before her first husband died. Brilliant in her own right Taylor was a significant influence on Mill's work and ideas during both friendship and marriage. His relationship with Harriet Taylor reinforced Mill's advocacy of women's rights. He cites her influence in his final revision of On Liberty which was published shortly after her death. Taylor died in 1858 after developing severe lung congestion only seven years into their marriage. Between the years 18651868 Mill served as Lord Rector of the University of St. Andrews. During the same period 1865-8 he was a Member of Parliament for City and Westminster13 and was often associated with the Liberal Party. During his time as an MP Mill advocated easing the burdens on Ireland and in 1866 became the first person in Parliament to call for women to be given the right to vote. Mill became a strong advocate of women's rights and such social reforms as labor unions and farm cooperatives. In Considerations on Representative Government Mill called for various reforms of Parliament and voting especially proportional representation the Single Transferable Vote and the extension of suffrage. He was godfather to Bertrand Russell. He died in Avignon France in 1873 where he is buried alongside his wife. Works Theory of liberty Part of a series on Utilitarianism Predecessors Epicurus David Hume  William Godwin  Francis Hutcheson People Jeremy Bentham  John Stuart Mill Henry Sidgwick  Richard Mervyn Hare  Peter Singer Types of utilitarianism Preference  Rule  Act Two-level  Total  Average Relative  Negative  Hedonism Enlightened self-interest Key concepts Pain  Suffering  Pleasure Utility  Happiness  Eudaimonia Consequentialism  Felicific calculus Problems Mere addition paradox Paradox of hedonism Utility monster Related topics Rational choice theory  Game theory Social choice  Neoclassical economics   Politics portal v d e Main article: On Liberty Mill's On Liberty addresses the nature and limits of the power that can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. One argument that Mill develops further than any previous philosopher is the harm principle. The harm principle holds that each individual has the right to act as he wants so long as these actions do not harm others. If the action is self-regarding that is if it only directly affects the person undertaking the action then society has no right to intervene even if it feels the actor is harming himself. He does argue however that individuals are prevented from doing lasting serious harm to themselves or their property by the harm principle. Because no-one exists in isolation harm done to oneself also harms others and destroying property deprives the community as well as oneself.14 Mill excuses those who are "incapable of self-government" from this principle such as young children or those living in "backward states of society". Mill argues that despotism is an acceptable form of government for those societies that are "backward" as long as the despot has the best interests of the people at heart because of the barriers to spontaneous progress.15 Though this principle seems clear there are a number of complications. For example Mill explicitly states that "harms" may include acts of omission as well as acts of commission. Thus failing to rescue a drowning child counts as a harmful act as does failing to pay taxes or failing to appear as a witness in court. All such harmful omissions may be regulated according to Mill. By contrast it does not count as harming someone if without force or fraud the affected individual consents to assume the risk: thus one may permissibly offer unsafe employment to others provided there is no deception involved. (Mill does however recognize one limit to consent: society should not permit people to sell themselves into slavery). In these and other cases it is important to keep in mind that the arguments in On Liberty are grounded on the principle of Utility and not on appeals to natural rights. The question of what counts as a self-regarding action and what actions whether of omission or commission constitute harmful actions subject to regulation continues to exercise interpreters of Mill. It is important to emphasize that Mill did not consider giving offense to constitute "harm"; an action could not be restricted because it violated the conventions or morals of a given society. On Liberty involves an impassioned defense of free speech. Mill argues that free discourse is a necessary condition for intellectual and social progress. We can never be sure he contends that a silenced opinion does not contain some element of the truth. He also argues that allowing people to air false opinions is productive for two reasons. First individuals are more likely to abandon erroneous beliefs if they are engaged in an open exchange of ideas. Second by forcing other individuals to re-examine and re-affirm their beliefs in the process of debate these beliefs are kept from declining into mere dogma. It is not enough for Mill that one simply has an unexamined belief that happens to be true; one must understand why the belief in question is the true one. John Stuart Mill and Helen Taylor. Helen was the daughter of Harriet Taylor and collaborated with Mill for fifteen years after her mother's death in 1858 Mill's view on social liberty and tyranny of majority Mill believed that the struggle between Liberty and Authority is the most conspicuous feature in the portions of history. For him liberty in antiquity was a contest... between subjects or some classes of subjects and the government." Mill defined "social liberty" as protection from "the tyranny of political rulers." He introduces a number of different tyrannies including social tyranny and also the tyranny of the majority. Social liberty for Mill was to put limits on the rulers power so that he would not be able to use his power on his own wishes and make every kind of decision which could harm society; in other words people should have the right to have a say in the governments decisions. He said that social liberty was the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. It was attempted in two ways: first by obtaining recognition of certain immunities called political liberties or rights; second by establishment of a system of "constitutional checks". However limiting the power of government is not enough. "Society can and does execute its own mandates: and if it issues wrong mandates instead of right or any mandates at all in things with which it ought not to meddle it practices a social tyranny more formidable than many kinds of political oppression since though not usually upheld by such extreme penalties it leaves fewer means of escape penetrating much more deeply into the details of life and enslaving the soul itself. View on liberty John Stuart Mills view on liberty which was influenced by Joseph Priestley and Josiah Warren is that the individual ought to be free to do as he wishes unless he harms others. Individuals are rational enough to make decisions about their good being and choose any religion they want to. Government should interfere when it is for the protection of society. Mill explains The sole end for which mankind are warranted individually or collectively in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number is self-protection. That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will is to prevent harm to others. His own good either physical or moral is not sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so because it will make him happier because in the opinion of others to do so would be wise or even right...The only part of the conduct of anyone for which he is amenable to society is that which concerns others. In the part which merely concerns him his independence is of right absolute. Over himself over his own body and mind the individual is sovereign.16 View on freedom of speech An influential advocate of freedom of speech Mill objected to censorship. He says: "I choose by preference the cases which are least favourable to me In which the argument against freedom of opinion both on truth and that of utility is considered the strongest. Let the opinions impugned be the belief of God and in a future state or any of the commonly received doctrines of morality... But I must be permitted to observe that it is not the feeling sure of a doctrine (be it what it may) which I call an assumption of infallibility. It is the undertaking to decide that question for others without allowing them to hear what can be said on the contrary side. And I denounce and reprobate this pretension not the less if it is put forth on the side of my most solemn convictions. However positive anyone's persuasion may be not only of the faculty but of the pernicious consequences but (to adopt expressions which I altogether condemn) the immorality and impiety of opinion. yet if in pursuance of that private judgement though backed by the public judgement of his country or contemporaries he prevents the opinion from being heard in its defence he assumes infallibility. And so far from the assumption being less objectionable or less dangerous because the opinion is called immoral or impious this is the case of all others in which it is most fatal.17 Human rights and slavery In 1850 Mill sent an anonymous letter (which came to be known under the title "The Negro Question") in rebuttal to Thomas Carlyle's anonymous letter to Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country. Carlyle had defended slavery on grounds of genetic inferiority and claimed that the West Indies development was due to British ingenuity alone and dismissed any notion that there was a debtedness to imported slaves for building the economy there. Mill's rebuttal and references to the ongoing debate in the U.S. at the time regarding slavery were emphatic and eloquent. The full text as well as a link to the Carlyle letter which prompted it is available online.18 Connection to feminism "A Feminine Philosopher". Caricature by Spy published in Vanity Fair in 1873. Mill saw womens issues as important and began to write in favor of greater rights for women. With this Mill can be considered one of the earliest feminists. In his article The Subjection of Women (1861 published 1869) he talks about the role of women in marriage and how he felt it needed to be changed. There Mill comments on three major facets of womens lives that he felt are hindering them: society and gender construction education and marriage. Mill is also famous for being one of the earliest and strongest supporters of ever greater rights for women. His book The Subjection of Women is one of the earliest written on this subject by a male author. He felt that the oppression of women was one of the few remaining relics from ancient times a set of prejudices that severely impeded the progress of humanity.19 Mill's ideas were opposed by Ernest Belfort Bax in his treatise 'The Legal Subjugation of Men'.20 Utilitarianism Main article: Utilitarianism (book) The canonical statement of Mill's utilitarianism can be found in Utilitarianism. This philosophy has a long tradition although Mill's account is primarily influenced by Jeremy Bentham and Mill's father James Mill. Mill's famous formulation of utilitarianism is known as the "greatest-happiness principle". It holds that one must always act so as to produce the greatest aggregate happiness among all sentient beings within reason. Mill's major contribution to utilitarianism is his argument for the qualitative separation of pleasures. Bentham treats all forms of happiness as equal whereas Mill argues that intellectual and moral pleasures are superior to more physical forms of pleasure. Mill distinguishes between happiness and contentment claiming that the former is of higher value than the latter a belief wittily encapsulated in the statement that "it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool or the pig are of a different opinion it is because they only know their own side of the question." Mill defines the difference between higher and lower forms of happiness with the principle that those who have experienced both tend to prefer one over the other. This is perhaps in direct contrast with Bentham's statement that "Quantity of pleasure being equal push-pin is as good as poetry"21 that if a simple child's game like hopscotch causes more pleasure to more people than a night at the opera house it is more imperative upon a society to devote more resources to propagating hopscotch than running opera houses. Mill's argument is that the "simple pleasures" tend to be preferred by people who have no experience with high art and are therefore not in a proper position to judge. Mill supported legislation that would have granted extra voting power to university graduates on the grounds that they were in a better position to judge what would be best for society. It should be noted that in this example Mill did not intend to devalue uneducated people and would certainly have advocated sending the poor but talented to universities: he believed that education and not the intrinsic nature of the educated qualified them to have more influence in government. The qualitative account of happiness that Mill advocates thus sheds light on his account presented in On Liberty. As Mill suggests in that text utility is to be conceived in relation to humanity "as a progressive being" which includes the development and exercise of rational capacities as we strive to achieve a "higher mode of existence". The rejection of censorship and paternalism is intended to provide the necessary social conditions for the achievement of knowledge and the greatest ability for the greatest number to develop and exercise their deliberative and rational capacities. Economic philosophy Main article: Principles of Political Economy Mill's early economic philosophy was one of free markets. However he accepted interventions in the economy such as a tax on alcohol if there were sufficient utilitarian grounds. He also accepted the principle of legislative intervention for the purpose of animal welfare.22 Mill originally believed that "equality of taxation" meant "equality of sacrifice" and that progressive taxation penalized those who worked harder and saved more and was therefore "a mild form of robbery".23 Given a tax break to the rich Mill agreed that inheritance should be taxed. A utilitarian society would agree that everyone should be equal one way or another. Therefore receiving inheritance would put one ahead of society unless taxed on the inheritance. Those who donate should consider and choose carefully where their money goessome charities are more deserving than others. Considering public charities boards such as a government will disperse the money equally. However a private charity board like a church would disperse the monies fairly to those who are in more need than others.24 Later he altered his views toward a more socialist bent adding chapters to his Principles of Political Economy in defense of a socialist outlook and defending some socialist causes.25 Within this revised work he also made the radical proposal that the whole wage system be abolished in favour of a co-operative wage system. Nonetheless some of his views on the idea of flat taxation remained albeit in a slightly toned down form.26 Mill's Principles of Political Economy first published in 1848 was one of the most widely read of all books on economics in the period.27 As Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations had during an earlier period Mill's Principles dominated economics teaching. In the case of Oxford University it was the standard text until 1919. The text that replaced it was written by Cambridge's Alfred Marshall. Economic democracy Mill promoted economic democracy in the capitalist economy whereby labourers would elect members of management.28 Mill believed that this was necessary to end what he deemed to be dictatorial management of capitalist firms and to establish liberty and equality in the capitalist economy.28 Mill's promotion of the right of labourers to elect management has been seen as support for economic corporatism.28 Mill's views on the environment Mill demonstrated an early insight into the value of the natural world in particular in Book IV chapter VI of "Principles of Political Economy": "Of the Stationary State"2930 in which Mill recognised wealth beyond the material and argued that the logical conclusion of unlimited growth was destruction of the environment and a reduced quality of life. He concluded that a stationary state could be preferable to neverending economic growth: I cannot therefore regard the stationary state of capital and wealth with the unaffected aversion so generally manifested towards it by political economists of the old school. If the earth must lose that great portion of its pleasantness which it owes to things that the unlimited increase of wealth and population would extirpate from it for the mere purpose of enabling it to support a larger but not a better or a happier population I sincerely hope for the sake of posterity that they will be content to be stationary long before necessity compel them to it. Major publications Sortable table Title Date Source "Two Letters on the Measure of Value" 1822 "The Traveller" "Questions of Population" 1823 "Black Dwarf" "War Expenditure" 1824 Westminster Review "Quarterly Review Political Economy" 1825 Westminster Review "Review of Miss Martineau's Tales" 1830 Examiner "The Spirit of the Age" 1831 Examiner "Use and Abuse of Political Terms" 1832 "What is Poetry" 1833 1859 "Rationale of Representation" 1835 "De Tocqueville on Democracy in America i" 1835 "State of Society In America" 1836 "Civilization" 1836 "Essay on Bentham" 1838 "Essay on Coleridge" 1840 "Essays On Government" 1840 "De Tocqueville on Democracy in America ii" 1840 A System of Logic 1843 Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy 1844 "Claims of Labour" 1845 Edinburgh Review The Principles of Political Economy: with some of their applications to social philosophy 1848 "The Negro Question" 1850 Fraser's Magazine "Reform of the Civil Service" 1854 Dissertations and Discussions 1859 A Few Words on Non-intervention 1859 On Liberty 1859 'Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform 1859 Considerations on Representative Government 1861 "Centralisation" 1862 Edinburgh Review "The Contest in America" 1862 Harper's Magazine Utilitarianism 1863 An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy 1865 Auguste Comte and Positivism 1865 Inaugural Address at St. Andrews Rectorial Inaugural Address at the University of St. Andrews concerning the value of culture 1867 "Speech In Favor of Capital Punishment"3132 1868 England and Ireland 1868 "Thornton on Labor and its Claims" 1869 Fortnightly Review The Subjection of Women 1869 Chapters and Speeches on the Irish Land Question 1870 On Nature 1874 Autobiography of John Stuart Mill 1873 Three Essays on Religion 1874 "Notes on N.W. Senior's Political Economy" 1945 Economica See also Biography portal List of liberal theorists Mill's Methods Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom Notes Friedrich Hayek (1941). "The Counter-Revolution of Science". Economica (Economica Vol. 8 No. 31) 8 (31): 281320. doi:10.2307/2549335. http://jstor.org/stable/2549335.  "John Stuart Mill's On Liberty". victorianweb. http://www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/mill/liberty.html. Retrieved 2009-07-23. "On Liberty is a rational justification of the freedom of the individual in opposition to the claims of the state to impose unlimited control and is thus a defence of the rights of the individual against the state."  "John Stuart Mill (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". plato.stanford.edu. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill/#SciMet. Retrieved 2009-07-31.  Halevy Elie (1966). The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism. Beacon Press. pp. 282-284. ISBN 0191010200.  a b c d Journals: New Englander (18431892) Murray N. Rothbard (1 February 2006). An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought. Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. 105. ISBN 9780945466482. http://books.google.com/booksidMCcWhLmRo-cC&pgRA1-PA105. Retrieved 21 January 2011.  Mill J.S. Autobiography Part V (1873). Journals: New Englander (18431892) Pickering Mary (1993) Auguste Comte: an intellectual biography Cambridge University Press pp. 540 Capaldi Nicholas. John Stuart Mill: A Biography. p.33 Cambridge 2004 ISBN 0-521-62024-4. Journals: New Englander (18431892) "Book of Members 17802010: Chapter M". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterM.pdf. Retrieved 15 April 2011.  Capaldi Nicholas. John Stuart Mill: A Biography. p.321-322 Cambridge 2004 ISBN 0-521-62024-4. Mill John Stuart "On Liberty" Penguin Classics 2006 ISBN 978-0-14-144147-4 pages 9091 Mill John Stuart "On Liberty" Penguin Classics 2006 ISBN 978-0-14-144147-4 page 16 John Stuart Mill (18061873) The Contest in America. Harper's New Monthly Magazine Volume 24 Issue 143 page 683-684. Harper & Bros. New York April 1862. Cornell.edu John Stuart Mill (18061873) On Liberty 1859. ed. Gertrude Himmelfarb UK: Penguin 1985 pp.8384 The Negro Question by John Stuart Mill. Mill J.S. (1869) The Subjection of Women Chapter 1 s:The Legal Subjection of Men Poetry push pin and utility 1dead link IREF Pour la liberte economique et la concurrence fiscaledead link (PDF) (Strasser1991) Mill John Stuart and Benthem Jeremy edited by Ryan Alan. (2004). Utilitarianism and other essays. London: Penguin Books. p. 11. ISBN 0-140-43272-8.  Wilson Fred (2007). "John Stuart Mill: Political Economy". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill/#PolEco. Retrieved 2009-05-04.  Ekelund Robert B. Jr. and Hbert Robert F. (1997). A history of economic theory and method (4th ed.). Waveland Press Long Grove Illinois. p. 172. ISBN 1-57766-381-0.  a b c Gregg Samuel. The commercial society: foundations and challenges in a global age. LanhamUSA; Plymouth UK: Lexington Books 2007. p. 109 The Principles of Political Economy Book 4 Chapter VI. "The early history of modern ecological economics Inge Rpke in Ecological Economics Volume 50 Issues 34 1 October 2004". http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VDY-4DG3DFP-1/2/d74b62bf0315ae52a3e60f698eae5ca5. Retrieved 2008-08-08.  Hansard report of Commons Sitting: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT WITHIN PRISONS BILL BILL 36. COMMITTEE stage: HC Deb 21 April 1868 vol 191 cc1033-63 including Mill's speech Col. 10471055 His speech against the abolition of capital punishment was commented upon in an editorial in The Times Wednesday Apr 22 1868; pg. 8; Issue 26105; col E: References Clifford G. Christians and John C. Merrill (eds.) Ethical Communication: Five Moral Stances in Human Dialogue (Columbia MO.: University of Missouri Press 2009) Harrington Jack (2010) Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India Ch. 5 New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-10885-1  Mark Philip Strasser "Moral Philosophy of John Stuart Mill" Longwood Academic (1991). Wakefield New Hampshire. ISBN 0-89341-681-9 Michael St. John Packe The Life of John Stuart Mill Macmillan (1952). David O. Brink "Mill's Deliberative Utilitarianism" in Philosophy and Public Affairs 21 (1992) 67103. Sterling Harwood "Eleven Objections to Utilitarianism" in Louis P. Pojman ed. Moral Philosophy: A Reader (Indianapolis IN: Hackett Publishing Co. 1998) and in Sterling Harwood ed. Business as Ethical and Business as Usual (Belmont CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. 1996) Chapter 7 and in 2 www.sterlingharwood.com. Richard Reeves John Stuart Mill: Victorian Firebrand Atlantic Books (2007) paperback 2008. ISBN 978-1-84354-644-3 Robinson Dave & Groves Judy (2003). Introducing Political Philosophy. Icon Books. ISBN 1-84046-450-X. Frederick Rosen Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill (Routledge Studies in Ethics & Moral Theory) 2003. ISBN 0-415-22094-7 Samuel Hollander The Economics of John Stuart Mill (University of Toronto Press 1985) Mill John Stuart A System of Logic University Press of the Pacific Honolulu 2002 ISBN 1-4102-0252-6 Chin Liew Ten Mill on Liberty Clarendon Press Oxford 1980 full-text online at Contents Victorianweb.org (National University of Singapore) "Right Again The passions of John Stuart Mill" by Adam Gopnik. The New Yorker October 6 2008. "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: John Stuart Mill" Kolmar Wendy and Frances Bartowski. Feminist Theory. 2nd ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill 2005. Print. External links Mill's works Wikisource has original works written by or about: John Stuart Mill Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Stuart Mill Works by or about John Stuart Mill in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Collected Works of John Stuart Mill Definitive Edition in 33 volumes plus separate titles on the Online Library of Liberty Works by John Stuart Mill at Project Gutenberg Works by John Stuart Mill in free audio format from LibriVox The Online Books Page lists works on various sites Vintage Mill works in HTML Works readable and downloadable Primary and secondary works More easily readable versions of On Liberty Utilitarianism Three Essays on Religion and The Subjection of Women Of the Composition of Causes Chapter VI of System of Logic (1859) Secondary works John Stuart Mill in the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics on Econlib John Stuart Mill entry by Fred Wilson in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2007-07-10 John Stuart Mill in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy A podcast interview of Richard Reeves on Mill's On Liberty Mill On Liberty by Chin Liew Ten (C.L. Ten) Clarendon Press 1980 (full-text online) Utilitarianism as Secondary Ethicdead link An overview of utilitarianism with summary of its critiques. How far did JS Mill let liberalism down Did he prefer Socialism to Liberalism by David McDonagh Mill-fest: The Bicentennial Edition by the blog Catallarchy "Organic Conservatism Administrative Realism and the Imperialist Ethos in the 'Indian Career' of John Stuart Mill by Vinay Lal (review of "John Stuart Mill and India" by Lynn Zastoupil Stanford University Press Stanford California 1994.) "On John Stuart Mill" in Some Reflections on Ethics by Dr.Ramendra Mill Principles of Political Economy with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy (Ashley ed.) 1848. See original text in The Online Library of Liberty. The Subjection of Women (1878 ed.). See original text in The Online Library of Liberty. Further information Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Stuart Mill Wikisource has original works written by or about: John Stuart Mill Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill. Extensive collection of links to writings by and about J.S. Mill. EpistemeLinks The Victorian Web Mill section Links to works and resources Biography works and quotes of John Stuart Mill Catalogue of Mill's correspondence and papers held at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics. View the Archives Catalogue of the contents of this important holding which also includes letters of James Mill and Helen Taylor. John Stuart Mill (obituary Tues. Nov. 4 1873) in "Eminent persons: Biographies reprinted from the Times. Vol. 16. D. Vol I 18701875". Macmillan & Co.. 1892. pp. 195224. http://books.google.com/id0CMYAAAAMAAJ&pgPA195 John Stuart Mill (obituary Tues. Nov. 4 1873) in  Parliament of the United Kingdom Preceded by Sir George de Lacy Evans Member of Parliament for Westminster 18651868 Succeeded by William Henry Smith Academic offices Preceded by William Stirling of Keir Rector of the University of St Andrews 18651868 Succeeded by James Anthony Froude v d eClassical economists Francis Hutcheson  Bernard Mandeville  David Hume  Adam Smith  Jean-Baptiste Say  Thomas Malthus  James Mill  Francis Place  David Ricardo  Henry Thornton  John Ramsay McCulloch  James Maitland 8th Earl of Lauderdale  Jeremy Bentham  Jean Charles Lonard de Sismondi  Johann Heinrich von Thnen  John Stuart Mill  Henry Charles Carey  Nassau William Senior  Edward Gibbon Wakefield  John Rae  Frdric Bastiat  Thomas Tooke  Robert Torrens v d eSchools of economic thought Pre-modern Ancient schools  Medieval Islamic  Scholasticism Early modern School of Salamanca   Mercantilism  Physiocrats Modern Classical  French liberal  American (National)  German historical  English historical  French historical  Utopian  Marxian  State socialism  Libertarian Socialism  Ricardian  Ricardian socialism  Christian socialism  Distributism  Anarchist  Georgism  Neoclassical  Lausanne  Participatory 20th century Stockholm  Keynesian  New classical  Chicago  Austrian  Carnegie  Neo-Ricardian  New institutional  Post-Keynesian  Islamic  Gandhian  Institutional  Freiburg  Social Credit Related Economics  Heterodox economics  History of economic thought   History of macroeconomic thought  Links to related articles v d eSocial and political philosophy Related articles Philosophy of economics  Philosophy of education  Philosophy of history  Jurisprudence  Philosophy of social science  Philosophy of love  Philosophy of sex Social concepts Society  War  Law  Justice  Peace  Rights  Revolution  Civil disobedience  Democracy  Social contract  more... 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D. Broad  Charles Sanders Peirce  Dominicus Gundissalinus  Daniel Dennett  Epicurians  Francis Bacon  Friedrich Schelling  Galileo Galilei  Henri Poincar  Herbert Spencer  Hugh of Saint Victor  Immanuel Kant  Imre Lakatos  Isaac Newton  John Dewey  John Stuart Mill  Jrgen Habermas  Karl Pearson  Karl Popper  Karl Theodor Jaspers  Larry Laudan  Otto Neurath  Paul Haeberlin  Paul Feyerabend  Pierre Duhem  Pierre Gassendi  Plato  R.B. Braithwaite  Ren Descartes  Robert Kilwardby  Roger Bacon  Rudolf Carnap  Stephen Toulmin  Stoicism  Thomas Hobbes  Thomas Samuel Kuhn  Vienna Circle  W.V.O. Quine  Wilhelm Windelband  Wilhelm Wundt  William of Ockham  William Whewell  more... Portal  Category  Task Force  Discussion  Changes Persondata Name Mill John Stuart Alternative names Short description English philosopher Date of birth 20 May 1806(1806-05-20) Place of birth Pentonville London England United Kingdom Date of death 8 May 1873(1873-05-08) Place of death Avignon France