"LMFAO" redirects here. For the music group see LMFAO (group). For the computer game and other uses see League of Legends and LOL (disambiguation). Modern usage example: LOL on a candy heart.

LOL an abbreviation for laughing out loud12 or laugh out loud3 is a common element of Internet slang. It was used historically on Usenet but is now widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication. It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions in particular laughter as text including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO4 ("laughing my ass off") ROTFL5678 ("roll(ing) on the floor laughing") or ROFL9 ("roll(ing) on the floor laughing") and BWL ("bursting with laughter" above which there is "no greater compliment" according to technology columnist Larry Magid).10 Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly historical "lots of luck" or "lots of love" used in letter-writing.11

The list of acronyms "grows by the month"5 and they are collected along with emoticons and smileys into folk dictionaries that are circulated informally amongst users of Usenet IRC and other forms of (textual) computer-mediated communication.12 These initialisms are controversial and several authors recommend against their use either in general or in specific contexts such as business communications.

On March 24 2011 LOL was formally recognized in an update of the Oxford English Dictionary.13 Contents 1 Analysis 2 Spread from written to spoken communication 3 Acceptance 3.1 Lexical form 4 Variations on the theme 4.1 Variants of LOL 4.2 Commonly used equivalents in other languages 4.3 The word "lol" in other languages 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading Analysis

Laccetti (professor of humanities at Stevens Institute of Technology) and Molski in their essay entitled The Lost Art of Writing1415 are critical of the terms predicting reduced chances of employment for students who use such slang stating that "Unfortunately for these students their bosses will not be 'lol' when they read a report that lacks proper punctuation and grammar has numerous misspellings various made-up words and silly acronyms." Fondiller and Nerone16 in their style manual assert that "professional or business communication should never be careless or poorly constructed" whether one is writing an electronic mail message or an article for publication and warn against the use of smileys and these abbreviations stating that they are "no more than e-mail slang and have no place in business communication".

Yunker and Barry17 in a study of online courses and how they can be improved through podcasting have found that these slang terms and emoticons as well are "often misunderstood" by students and are "difficult to decipher" unless their meanings are explained in advance. They single out the example of "ROFL" as not obviously being the abbreviation of "rolling on the floor laughing" (emphasis added). Haig1 singles out LOL as one of the three most popular initialisms in Internet slang alongside BFN ("bye for now") and IMHO ("in my humble opinion"). He describes the various initialisms of Internet slang as convenient but warns that "as ever more obscure acronyms emerge they can also be rather confusing". Bidgoli18 likewise states that these initialisms "save keystrokes for the sender but ... might make comprehension of the message more difficult for the receiver" and that "slang may hold different meanings and lead to misunderstandings especially in international settings"; he advises that they be used "only when you are sure that the other person knows the meaning".

Shortis8 observes that ROTFL is a means of "annotating text with stage directions". Hueng5 in discussing these terms in the context of performative utterances points out the difference between telling someone that one is laughing out loud and actually laughing out loud: "The latter response is a straightforward action. The former is a self-reflexive representation of an action: I not only do something but also show you that I am doing it. Or indeed I may not actually laugh out loud but may use the locution 'LOL' to communicate my appreciation of your attempt at humor."

David Crystal notes that use of LOL is not necessarily genuine19 just as the use of smiley faces or grins is not necessarily genuine posing the rhetorical question "How many people are actually 'laughing out loud' when they send LOL". Franzini2 concurs stating that there is as yet no research that has determined the percentage of people who are actually laughing out loud when they write LOL.

Victoria Clarke in her analysis of telnet talkers20 states that capitalization is important when people write LOL and that "a user who types LOL may well be laughing louder than one who types lol" and opines that "these standard expressions of laughter are losing force through overuse". Egan3 describes LOL ROTFL and other initialisms as helpful as long as they are not overused. He recommends against their use in business correspondence because the recipient may not be aware of their meanings and because in general neither they nor emoticons are (in his view) appropriate in such correspondence. June Hines Moore21 shares that view. So too does Lindsell-Roberts22 who gives the same advice of not using them in business correspondence "or you won't be LOL". Spread from written to spoken communication

LOL ROFL and other initialisms have crossed from computer-mediated communication to face-to-face communication. David Crystallikening the introduction of LOL ROFL and others into spoken language in magnitude to the revolution of Johannes Gutenberg's invention of movable type in the 15th centurystates that this is "a brand new variety of language evolving" invented by young people within five years that "extends the range of the language the expressiveness and the richness of the language".2324 Geoffrey K. Pullum points out that even if interjections such as LOL and ROFL were to become very common in spoken English their "total effect on language" would be "utterly trivial".25 Conversely a 2003 study of college students by Naomi Baron found that the use of these initialisms in computer-mediated communication (CMC) specifically in instant messaging was actually lower than she had expected. The students "used few abbreviations acronyms and emoticons". The spelling was "reasonably good" and contractions were "not ubiquitous". Out of 2185 transmissions there were 90 initialisms in total only 31 CMC-style abbreviations and 49 emoticons.24 Out of the 90 initialisms 76 were occurrences of LOL.26 Acceptance On March 24 2011 LOL along with other initialisms has been formally recognized in an update of the Oxford English Dictionary.1327 In their research it was determined that the earliest recorded use of LOL as an initialism was for "little old lady" in the 1960s.28 They also discovered that the oldest written record of the use of LOL in the contemporary meaning of "Laughing Out Loud" was from a message typed by Wayne Pearson in the 1980s from the archives of Usenet.29 Lexical form The past tense of lol is lolled. The participle form is lolling. Variations on the theme For a list of words relating to for Internet laughter slang see the Internet laughter slang category of words in Wiktionary the free dictionary Variants of LOL An animated ASCII art image popularized in 2004 by memes using the word "Roflcopter".30 lolz: Occasionally used in place of LOL.31 lulz: Often used to denote laughter at someone who is the victim of a prank or a reason for performing an action. This variation is often used on the Encyclopedia Dramatica wiki and 4chan image boards. According to a New York Times article about Internet trolling "lulz means the joy of disrupting another's emotional equilibrium."32 Can be used as a noun  e.g. "do it for the lulz." shortened into "ftlulz" (to distinguish it from "ftl" - "for the loss").3334 lolwut: lol + wut used to indicate bemused laughter or confusion.31 Lawl or Lal: Pseudo-pronunciation of LOL. Saying "lawl" is sometimes meant in mockery of those who use the term LOL and usually not meant as serious usage.31 LOLOLOLOL: For added emphasis LOL can be appended with any number of additional iterations of "OL". In cases such as these the abbreviation is not to be read literally (i.e. "Laughing out loud out loud out loud out loud") but is meant to suggest several LOLs in a row. LMAO: For "Laughing my ass off". Variant: LMFAO ("Laughing my fucking ass off").4 ROFL: For "Rolling on the floor laughing". It is often combined with LMAO for added emphasis as ROFLMAO ("Rolling on the floor laughing my ass off"). Variant: ROTFL.35 Roflcopter: A portmanteau of ROFL and helicopter and popularized by the website www.roflcopter.com. The website contained the animated gif and nothing else. The term was supposedly first used by a Blizzard Entertainment moderator in the Warcraft III forum in 2003.30 lqtm: For "Laughing quietly to myself".3136 *G* or *g*: For "grins".37 Like "lulz" it is used in the initialism "J4G" ("just for grins").38 Commonly used equivalents in other languages Most of these variants are usually found in lowercase. mdr: French version from the initials of "mort de rire" which roughly translated means "died of laughter" although many French people now use LOL instead as it is the most widely used on the internet.313940 /: Hebrew version of LOL. The letter is pronounced 'kh' and is pronounced 'h'. Putting them together (usually three or more in a row) makes the word khakhakha or hahaha (since vowels in Hebrew are generally not written) which is in many languages regarded as the sound of laughter. 555: the Thai variation of LOL. "5" in Thai is pronounced "ha" three of them being "hahaha".31 asg: Swedish abbreviation of the term Asgarv meaning intense laughter.31 g: Danish abbreviation of the word griner which means "laughing" in Danish.41 rs: in Brazil "rs" (being an abbreviation of "risos" the plural of "laugh") is often used in text based communications in situations where in English LOL would be used repeating it ("rsrsrsrsrs") is often done to express longer laughter or laughing harder. Also popular is "kkk" (which can also be repeated indefinitely) due to the pronunciation of the letter k in Portuguese sounding similar to the ca in card and therefore representing the laugh "cacacacaca" (also similar to the Hebrew version above).3142 mkm: in Afghanistan "mkm" (being an abbreviation of the phrase "ma khanda mikonom"). This is a Dari phrase that means "I am laughing".31 /: in Chinese although (da xiao; "big laugh") is used a more widespread usage is "" (ha ha ha) or "" (he he) on internet forums.31 : in Arabic is a repetition of the "" character meaning "Hahahaha" or "Hehehehe". "" is equivalent to the letter "H" while the "a" (or "e") is treated as an implied short vowel and isn't written (as is standard in Arabic and Hebrew).citation needed : in Japanese traditionally the kanji for laugh () was used in the same way as lol. It can be read as wara and so just w has taken over as the abbreviation.43 ("kkk") and ("hhh") are usually used to indicate laughter in Korean. '' is a Korean Jamo consonant representing a "k" sound and '' represents an "h" sound. Both "" and "" represent laughter which is not very loud. However if a vowel symbol is written louder laughter is implied: "haha" "hoho." 44 jajaj: in Spanish the letter "j" is pronounced "h" .45 jejeje: in the Philippines is used to represent "hehehe". As in Spanish "j" is pronounced as "h". Its origins can be traced to SMS language. It is widely used in a Filipino youth subculture known as Jejemons.4647 ha3: Malaysian variation of LOL. ha3 means pronouncing ha three times "hahaha". In some languages with a non-Latin script the abbreviation LOL itself is also often transliterated. See for example Arabic and Russian .31 Pre-dating the internet and phone texting by a century the way to express laughter in morse code is "hi hi". The sound of this in morse 'di-di-di-dit di-dit di-di-di-dit di-dit' is thought to represent chuckling.4849 The word "lol" in other languages Lol is a Dutch word (not an acronym) which coincidentally means "fun" ("lollig" means "funny"). In Welsh lol means "nonsense"  e.g. if a person wanted to say "utter nonsense" in Welsh they would say "rwtsh lol".50 See also Internet portal Look up LOL or lol in Wiktionary the free dictionary. Internet meme Leet Lolcat References a b Matt Haig (2001). E-Mail Essentials: How to Make the Most of E-Communications. Kogan Page. pp. 89. ISBN 0749435763.  a b Louis R. Franzini (2002). Kids Who Laugh: How to Develop Your Child's Sense of Humor. Square One Publishers Inc.. pp. 145146. ISBN 0757000088.  a b Michael Egan (2004). Email Etiquette. Cool Publications Ltd. pp. 32 5758. ISBN 1844811182.  a b LMAO  entry at Netlingo.com a b c Jiuan Heng (2003). "The emergence of pure consciousness: The Theatre of Virtual Selves in the age of the Internet". In Peter D. Hershock M. T. Stepaniants and Roger T. Ames. Technology and Cultural Values: On the Edge of the Third Millennium. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 561. ISBN 0824826477.  Eric S. Raymond and Guy L. Steele (1996). The New Hacker's Dictionary. MIT Press. pp. 435. ISBN 0262680920.  Robin Williams and Steve Cummings (1993). Jargon: An Informal Dictionary of Computer Terms. University of Michigan. pp. 475. ISBN 0938151843.  a b Tim Shortis (2001). The Language of ICT. Routledge. pp. 60. ISBN 0415222753.  Ryan Goudelocke (August 2004) (PDF). Credibility and Authority on Internet Message Boards (M.M.C. thesis). Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. pp. 22. http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-07082004-110035/unrestricted/Goudelockethesis.pdf.  Lawrence J. Magid (2001). The Little PC Book: Windows Xp. Peachpit Press. pp. 287. ISBN 0201754703.  American Heritage Abbreviations Dictionary 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin. 2005.  Steven G. Jones (1998). Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology. Sage Publications Inc. pp. 52. ISBN 0761914625.  a b Anna Stewart (March 25 2011). "OMG! Oxford English Dictionary adds new words". CNN. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-03-25/living/oxford.new.words1new-words-oxford-english-dictionary-usagesPM:LIVING. Retrieved March 28 2011.  Silvio Laccetti and Scott Molski (September 6 2003). "Cost of poor writing no laughing matter". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/opinion/content/opinion/0603/08specialwriting.html.  Stevens Institute of Technology (October 22 2003). "Article co-authored by Stevens professor and student garners nationwide attention from business academia". Press release. http://howe.stevens.edu/babbio/pressroom/20031022-368-writingoped.html.  Shirley H. Fondiller and Barbara J. Nerone (2007). Health Professionals Style Manual. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 98. ISBN 0826102077.  Frank Yunker and Stephen Barry. "Threaded Podcasting: The Evolution of On-Line Learning". In Dan Remenyi. Proceedings of the International Conference on e-Learning Universit du Qubec Montral 2223 June 2006. Academic Conferences Limited. pp. 516. ISBN 1905305222.  Hossein Bidgoli (2004). The Internet Encyclopedia. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 277. ISBN 0471222011.  David Crystal (September 20 2001). Language and the Internet. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34. ISBN 0-521-80212-1.  Victoria Clarke (January 30 2002). "Internet English: an analysis of the variety of language used on Telnet talkers" (PDF). http://www.american.edu/lfs/tesol/2003%20Paper--Lg%20of%20the%20Internet.pdf.  June Hines Moore (2007). Manners Made Easy for Teens. B&H Publishing Group. pp. 54. ISBN 0805444599.  Sheryl Lindsell-Roberts (2004). Strategic Business Letters and E-Mail. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 289. ISBN 0618448330.  Neda Ulaby (February 18 2006). "OMG: IM Slang Is Invading Everyday English". Digital Culture. National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.phpstoryId5221618.  a b Kristen Philipkoski (February 22 2005). "The Web Not the Death of Language". Wired News. http://www.wired.com/news/culture/012846667100.html.  Geoffrey K. Pullum (January 23 2005). "English in Deep Trouble". Language Log. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/myl/languagelog/archives/001829.html. Retrieved 2007-05-03.  Naomi Baron (February 18 2005). "Instant Messaging by American College Students: A Case Study in Computer-Mediated Communication". American Association for the Advancement of Science. http://www.american.edu/tesol/Baron-AAAS-IM%20by%20American%20College%20Students.pdf.  Marsia Mason (April 4 2011). "OMG K.I.D.S. IMHO Needs to Go". Moorestown Patch. http://moorestown.patch.com/articles/omg-kids-imho-needs-to-go. Retrieved April 9 2011.  Graeme Diamond (March 24 2011). "New initialisms in the OED". Oxford English Dictionary. http://www.oed.com/public/latest/latest-update/. Retrieved March 28 2011.  James Morgan (April 8 2011). "Why did LOL infiltrate the language". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12893416. Retrieved April 9 2011.  a b "ROFLcopter: Part of a series on LOL ASCII.". KnowYourMeme. http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/roflcopter. Retrieved April 12 2011.  a b c d e f g h i j k "LOL: Part of a series on Internet Slang.". Know Your Meme. http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lol--3. Retrieved April 9 2011.  Schwartz Mattathias (2008-08-03). "The Trolls Among Us". The New York Times. pp. MM24. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.htmlr1&reftechnology. Retrieved 2009-04-06.  "ftlulz". Urbandictionary. Sep 27 2009. http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.phptermftlulz. Retrieved April 16 2011.  "Definition of FTL". Online slang dictionary. August 11 2009. http://onlineslangdictionary.com/definition+of/ftl. Retrieved April 16 2011.  "LMAO". NetLingo. http://www.netlingo.com/word/lmao.phphttp://www.netlingo.com/word/lmao.php. Retrieved April 12 2011.  "What does LQTM mean". Internet Slang. http://www.internetslang.com/LQTM.asp. Retrieved April 12 2011.  "What does *G* mean". Internet Slang. http://www.internetslang.com/*G*.asp. Retrieved April 16 2011.  "What does J4G stand for". Acronym finder. http://www.acronymfinder.com/Slang/J4G.html. Retrieved April 16 2011.  "MDR". The Free Dictionary. http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Mort+de+Rire. Retrieved April 9 2011.  "French-English translation for "mdr (mort de rire)"". babLa. http://en.bab.la/dictionary/french-english/mdr-mort-de-rire. Retrieved April 9 2011.  Elkan Mikael (2002). "Chat chatsprog og smileys". http://www.elkan.dk/sprog/chatsmileys.asp. Retrieved 2009-08-22.  "Learning to laugh and smile online". Brazilian Portuguese from Semantica. http://www.semantica-portuguese.com/tag/slang. Retrieved April 9 2011.  "LOLwwwwww". Tokyo-Insider. http://www.tokyo-insider.net/p4756. Retrieved April 9 2011.  "Slang ". We Study Korean. http://www.westudykorean.com/slang3.php. Retrieved April 9 2011.  "ja ja ja!". SpanishDict. http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/%C2%A1ja%20ja%20ja!. Retrieved April 9 2011.  Marcoleta Harvey (2010-04-24). ">Jejemons: The new jologs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/2bu/2bu/view/20100424-266068/gtJejemons-The-new-jologs. Retrieved 2010-04-30.  Nacino Joseph (2010-04-26). "Jejemon in the Philippines". CNET Asia. http://asia.cnet.com/blogs/the-virtual-eye/post.htmid63018444&scidhmbl. Retrieved 2010-04-30.  Dinkins Rodney R. (2010). "AMATEUR RADIO GLOSSARY: JARGON ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY". http://www.ac6v.com/jargon.htm#H. Retrieved 21 September 2010.  Dinkins Rodney R. (2007). "Origin Of HI HI". ORIGIN OF HAM SPEAK - FACT LEGENDS AND MYTHS. http://www.ac6v.com/73.htm. Retrieved 21 September 2010.  "Welsh-English Lexicon". Cardiff School of Computer Science. http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/fun/welsh/LexiconWE.html. Retrieved 2008-07-15.  Further reading Connery Brian A. (February 25 1997). "IMHO: Authority and egalitarian rhetoric in the virtual coffeehouse". In Porter D.. Internet Culture. New York: Routledge. pp. 161179. ISBN 0415916844.  Russ Armadillo Coffman (January 17 1990). "smilies collection". rec.humor. (Web link). Retrieved 2006-12-22. an early Usenet posting of a folk dictionary of abbreviations and emoticons listing LOL and ROTFL Ryan Goudelocke (August 2004) (PDF). Credibility and Authority on Internet Message Boards. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-07082004-110035/unrestricted/Goudelockethesis.pdf.  v d eInternet dialects 3arabizi (Arabic)  Alay (Indonesia)  Brain-disabled characters (Chinese)  Denglisch  Fingilish (Persian)  Greeklish  Internet slang  Jejemon (Philippines)  Leet ("1337")  Lolspeak / LOLspeak / Kitteh  Martian language (Chinese)  Padonkaffsky jargon (Russian)  Translit  Volapuk See also English internet slang (at Wiktionary)  SMS language