Lexicon

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008) This article is about the linguistic concept. For other uses, see Lexicon (disambiguation).

In linguistics, the lexicon (from the Greek: Λεξικόν1) of a language is its vocabulary, including its words and expressions. More formally, it is a language's inventory of lexemes.

The lexicon includes the lexemes used to actualize words. Lexemes are formed according to morpho-syntactic rules and express sememes. In this sense, a lexicon organizes the mental vocabulary in a speaker's mind: First, it organizes the vocabulary of a language according to certain principles (for instance, all verbs of motion may be linked in a lexical network) and second, it contains a generative device producing (new) simple and complex words according to certain lexical rules. For example, the suffix '-able' can be added to transitive verbs only, so that we get 'read-able' but not 'cry-able'.

Usually a lexicon is a container for words belonging to the same language. Some exceptions may be encountered for languages that are variants, like for instance Brazilian Portuguese compared to European Portuguese, where a lot of words are common and where the differences may be marked word by word.

When linguists study the lexicon, they study such things as what words are, how the vocabulary in a language is structured, how people use and store words, how they learn words, the history and evolution of words (i.e. etymology), types of relationships between words as well as how words were created.

An individual's mental lexicon, lexical knowledge, or lexical concept is that person's knowledge of vocabulary. The role the mental lexicon plays in speech perception and production, as well as questions of how words from the lexicon are accessed, is a major topic in the fields of psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics, where models such as the cohort model have been proposed to explain how words in the lexicon are retrieved.

Further reading Aitchison, Jean. Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2003. Dobson, John.H., Learn New Testament Greek, 3rd edition, Piquant Editions Ltd: Carlisle, 1988. See also Glossary Lexeme Lexical markup framework Lexical word Morphology (linguistics) Lexicography Vocabulary Idiolect Look up lexicon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. References ^ Definition of lexicon from the Online Etymology Dictionary Nielsen, Sandro (2008) "The effect of lexicographical information costs on dictionary making and use", in Lexikos (AFRILEX-reeks/series 18), pp. 170-189. v • d • e Lexicography Types of reference works Dictionary · Glossary · Lexicon · Thesaurus Types of dictionaries Bilingual · Biographical · Conceptual · Defining · Electronic · Encyclopedic · Language for specific purposes dictionary · Machine-readable · Maximizing · Medical · Minimizing · Monolingual learner's · Multi-field · Phonetic · Picture · Reverse · Rhyming · Rime · Single-field · Specialized · Sub-field · Visual Vocabulary topics Function word · Headword · Holonymy · Hyponymy · Idiom · International scientific vocabulary · Lemma · Lexeme · Meronymy · Morphology · Synonym · Word Lexicographic topics Controlled vocabulary · English lexicology and lexicography · Lexicographic error · Lexicographic information cost · Linguistic prescription · Specialised lexicography Lexicographic projects Lexigraf · WordNet Other List of lexicographers · List of online dictionaries

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