From 1871 to 1958 Montserrat was administered as part of the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands becoming a province of the short-lived West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962. In 1979 Beatles producer George Martins AIR Studios Montserrat opened and the island attracted world-famous musicians who came to record in the peaceful quiet and lush tropical surroundings of Montserrat.8 The last decade of the 20th century however brought two events which devastated the island.

In the early hours of September 17 1989 Hurricane Hugo a Category 4 storm struck Montserrat with full force producing sustained winds of 140 miles per hour and damaging over 90 percent of the structures on the island. AIR Studios closed and the tourist economy upon which the island depended was virtually wiped out. Within a few years the island had recovered considerablyonly to be struck again by disaster. Plymouth the former capital city and major port of Montserrat July 12 1997 after pyroclastic flows burned much of what was not covered in ash.

In July 1995 Montserrat's Soufriere Hills volcano dormant for centuries rumbled to life and began an eruption which eventually buried the island's capital Plymouth in more than 12 metres (39 ft) of mud destroyed its airport and docking facilities and rendered the southern half of the island uninhabitable. Following the destruction of Plymouth more than half of the population left the island due to the economic disruption and lack of housing. After a period of regular eruptive events during the late 1990s including one on June 25 1997 in which 19 people died when they were overtaken by a pyroclastic flow the volcano's activity in recent years has been confined to infrequent ventings of ash mostly into the uninhabited areas in the south but occasionally extending into the northern and western parts of the island. The southern part of the island has been evacuated and visits are severely restricted.9 The most recent period of increased activity at the Soufriere Hills volcano from November 2009 through February 2010 saw ash venting a vulcanian explosion which sent pyroclastic flows down several sides of the mountain and on February 11 2010 a partial collapse of the lava dome that sent a column of ash more than 20000 feet (6100 m) into the air raining down on several nearby islands including Guadeloupe and Antigua. Since 2010 the volcano has been relatively quiet.10 Despite the volcanic activity much of Montserrat remains lush and green. A new airport at Gerald's in the north (renamed the John A. Osborne Airport in 2008) was opened officially by Princess Anne the Princess Royal in February 2005 and now receives several flights daily via Fly Montserrat Airways. Docking facilities are in place at Little Bay where a new capital town is being constructed. The people of Montserrat were granted full residency rights in the United Kingdom in 1998 and citizenship was granted in 2002. Parishes Map of Montserrat's parishes: Saint Peter is shown in pale red Saint Georges in green and Saint Anthony in blue. Montserrat is divided into three parishes: Saint Anthony Parish Saint Georges Parish Saint Peter Parish Only Saint Peter Parish is currently inhabited having a population of between 4000 and 6000.11 Saint Peter Parish covers the north-west of the island12 and was therefore least affected by the eruptions of Soufrire Hills the island's volcano. Villages Cudjoe Head Baker Hill Banks Brades (de facto capital) Cork Hill Davy Hill Dyers Farells Yard Flemmings Gerald's Hope Little Bay Look Out Old Towne Olveston Plymouth (official capital abandoned) Cavalla Hill Mongo Hill Saint John's Judy Piece Salem Sweeney's Woodlands St Peter's Virgin Island Drummonds Cheap End Geography Main article: Geography of Montserrat Montserrat's coastline. The island of Montserrat is located approximately 480 km (300 miles) east-southeast of Puerto Rico and 48 km (30 miles) southwest of Antigua. It comprises only 104 km (40 square miles) but is currently increasing in size owing to the buildup of volcanic deposits on the southeast coast. The island is 16 km (10 miles) long and 11 km (7 miles) wide with rock cliffs rising 15 to 30 m (50100 feet) above the sea and smooth bottomed sandy beaches scattered among coves on the west (Caribbean) side of the island. Montserrat has two islets: Little Redonda and Virgin and Statue Rock. Wildlife Montserrat like many isolated islands is home to some exceptionally rare plant and animal species. Work undertaken by the Montserrat National Trust in collaboration with the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew has centred on the conservation of pribby (Rondeletia buxifolia) in the Centre Hills region. Until 2006 this species was known only from one book about the vegetation of Montserrat.13 In 2006 conservationists also rescued several plants of the endangered Montserrat orchid (Epidendrum montserratense) from dead trees on the island and installed them in the security of the islands botanic garden. Montserrat is known for its coral reefs and its caves along the shore. These caves house many species of bats and efforts are underway to monitor and protect the ten species of bats from extinction.1415 Economy Main article: Economy of Montserrat From 1979 to 1989 Montserrat was home to a branch of George Martin's AIR Studios which made the island popular with working musicians who often went there to record while taking advantage of the island's climate and beautiful surroundings. Since the devastations of Hurricane Hugo and the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano the Montserratian economy has been effectively halted. Export businesses currently based in Montserrat deal primarily in the selling and shipping of aggregate for construction. Imports include virtually everything available for sale on the island. The island's operating budget is largely supplied by the British government and administered through the Department for International Development (DFID) amounting to approximately 25 million per year. Additional amounts are secured through income and property taxes license and other fees as well as customs duties levied on imported goods. Famous Montserratians Jim Allen former cricketer who represented the World Series Cricket West Indians Lionel Baker the first Montserratian to represent the West Indies in international cricket16 Alphonsus "Arrow" Cassell MBE musician known for his soca song "Hot Hot Hot" which has sold over 4 million copies17 Maizie Williams - musician member of musical group Boney M Ellary White - international footballer Demographics Main article: Demographics of Montserrat Population: 5879 (2008 estimate) Note: an estimated 8000 refugees left the island (primarily to the UK) following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; few have returned. Pre-eruption population was 13000 in 1994. Age structure: 014 years: 23.4% (male 1062; female 1041) 1564 years: 65.3% (male 2805; female 3066) 65 years and over: 11.3% (male 537; female 484) (2003 est.) Median age: total: 28.1 years male: 27.9 years female: 28.3 years (2002) Population growth rate: 6.9% (2008 est.) Birth rate: 17.57 births/1000 population (2003 est.) Death rate: 7.34 deaths/1000 population (2003 est.) Net migration rate: 195.35 migrant(s)/1000 population (2000 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 1564 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2000 est.) Infant mortality rate: total: 7.77 deaths/1000 live births (2003 est.) female: 6.43 deaths/1000 live births male: 9.05 deaths/1000 live births Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.36 years. male: 76.24 years. female: 80.59 years (2003 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.8 children born/woman (2003 est.) Nationality: noun: Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian Ethnic groups: Black White Mulatto Creole. The island's population is mainly a mix of British Irish and Africans with other minorities. Religions: Anglican Methodist Roman Catholic Pentecostal Seventh-Day Adventist other Christian denominations Languages: English Literacy: definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1970 est.) Culture Main article: Culture of Montserrat See also: Music of Montserrat and Cricket in the West Indies Cricket is a popular sport in Montserrat. Players from Montserrat are in fact eligible to play for the West Indies cricket team. Jim Allen was the first to play for West Indies and he represented the World Series Cricket West Indians. No other player from Montserrat had gone on to represent West Indies until Lionel Baker made his One Day International debut against Pakistan in November 2008.18 Montserrat has its own FIFA Affiliated Football Team and has twice competed in the World Cup qualifiers. A field for the team was built near the airport by FIFA. The Montserrat team are currently tied for 199th place in the FIFA world rankings with eight other teams including American Samoa and Guam. In 2002 the team competed in a friendly with the second-lowest-ranked team in FIFA at that time Bhutan in The Other Final- the same day as the final of the 2002 World Cup. Bhutan won 4-0. See also Caribbean portal Main article: Outline of Montserrat Bibliography of Montserrat Index of Montserrat-related articles References History/Irish Heritage http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/north-central-america/montserrat Montserrat CIA World Factbook 19 September 2006. Retrieved 1 October 2006. Montserrat Volcano Observatory Retrieved 2 October 2006. "Montserrat". CIA World Factbook. 23 April 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mh.html. Retrieved 2009-05-07.  Fergus Howard A. (1996). Gallery Montserrat: some prominent people in our history. Canoe Press University of West Indies. p. 83. ISBN 976-8125-25-X. http://books.google.co.uk/booksid2DD81ZHWhxgC&pgPA83&dqMontserrat+slave+uprising&hlen&eiwuQUTfu6G86HhQeNxKS3Dg&saX&oibookresult&ctresult&resnum2&ved0CC8Q6AEwAQ#vonepage&qMontserrat%20slave%20uprising&ffalse. Retrieved 24 December 2010.  Commonwealth Secretariat website: Montserrat. Retrieved 30 January 2007. George Martin Music: Montserrat Leonard T. M. (2005). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Routledge. pp.1083. ISBN 978-1-57958-388-0 Montserrat Volcano Observatory Central America and Caribbean: Monserrat. Jeff Kowalski. September 11 2009. Accessed 26 October 2009. As visible at The Parishes of Montserrat. Statoids. Accessed 26 October 2009. The 'Montserrat pribby' (part one). By: Nick Johnson - 22/10/2010. Retrieved 30/11/2010 www.sei.org/bats http://en.scientificcommons.org/57043975 World Series Cricket was not recognised by the ICC. Arrow biography Monkeybiz Management Entertainment Agency Late Show Wins It For Pakistan In Abu Dhabi External links Find more about Montserrat on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Government Government of Montserrat Chief of State and Cabinet Members Montserrat National Trust Montserrat Hospitality Association General information Montserrat entry at The World Factbook Montserrat from UCB Libraries GovPubs Montserrat at the Open Directory Project Montserrat Webdirectory Wikimedia Atlas of Montserrat Brief history with a commemorative coin of Montserrat News media Montserrat Reporter news site Radio MontserrratZJB Listen live online Travel Montserrat Tourist Board Montserrat travel guide from Wikitravel Montserrat Travel Information Health Reports Toxicity of volcanic ash from Montserrat by RT Cullen AD Jones BG Miller CL Tran JMG Davis K Donaldson M Wilson V Stone and A Morgan. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/02/01 A Health Survey of Workers on the Island of Montserrat by HA Cowie MK Graham A Searl BG Miller PA Hutchison C Swales S Dempsey and M Russell. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/02/02 A Health Survey of Montserratians Relocated to the UK by HA Cowie A Searl PJ Ritchie MK Graham PA Hutchison and A Pilkington. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/01/07 Other Satellite image of Montserrat from Google Maps Montserrat Volcano Observatory Official release archive Volcanism of Montserrat Antigua Montserrat and Virgin Islands Gazette with full page images and full searchable text is freely and openly available in the Digital Library of the Caribbean  Articles Related to Montserrat   Geographic locale Lat. and Long. 1645N 6212W / 16.75N 62.2W / 16.75; -62.2 v d eCountries and territories of the Caribbean  Sovereign states Commonwealth Realms Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Grenada  Jamaica  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Commonwealth republics Dominica  Trinidad and Tobago Other republics Cuba  Dominican Republic  Haiti  Dependencies and other areas by parent state United Kingdom Anguilla  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Montserrat  Turks and Caicos Islands Netherlands Aruba  Bonaire  Curaao  Saba  Saint Eustatius  Sint Maarten France 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Indian Ocean Territory  Pitcairn Islands  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands v d eBritish Empire and Commonwealth of Nations Legend Current territory     Former territory * now a Commonwealth Realm     now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations Europe  18th century 17081757  Minorca since 1713  Gibraltar 17631782  Minorca 17981802  Minorca 19th century 18001964  Malta 18071890  Heligoland 18091864  Ionian Islands 20th century 1921-1937  Irish Free State North America  17th century 15831907  Newfoundland 16071776  Virginia since 1619  Bermuda 16201691  Plymouth Colony 16291691  Massachusetts Bay Colony 16321776  Maryland 16361776  Connecticut 16361776  Rhode Island 16371662  New Haven Colony 16631712  Carolina 16641776  New York 16651674 and 1702-1776  New Jersey 16701870  Rupert's Land 16741702  East Jersey 16741702  West Jersey 16801776  New Hampshire 16811776  Pennsylvania 16861689  Dominion of New England 16911776  Massachusetts 18th century 17011776  Delaware 17121776 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Latin America and the Caribbean  17th century 16051979  *Saint Lucia 16231883  Saint Kitts (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 16241966  *Barbados 16251650  Saint Croix 16271979  *St. Vincent and the Grenadines 16281883  Nevis (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 16291641  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 since 1632  Montserrat 16321860  Antigua (*Antigua & Barbuda) 16431860  Bay Islands since 1650  Anguilla 16511667  Willoughbyland (Suriname) 16551850  Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 16551962  *Jamaica since 1666  British Virgin Islands since 1670  Cayman Islands 16701973  *Bahamas 16701688  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 16711816  Leeward Islands 18th century 17621974  *Grenada 17631978  Dominica since 1799  Turks and Caicos Islands 19th century 18311966  British Guiana (Guyana) 18331960  Windward Islands 18331960  Leeward Islands 18601981  *Antigua and Barbuda 18711964  British Honduras (*Belize) 18821983  *St. Kitts and Nevis 18891962  Trinidad and Tobago 20th century 19581962  West Indies Federation 4Now the San Andrs y Providencia Department of Colombia Africa  18th century 17921961  Sierra Leone 17951803  Cape Colony 19th century 18061910  Cape Colony 18101968  Mauritius 18161965  Gambia 18561910  Natal 18681966  Basutoland (Lesotho) 18741957  Gold Coast (Ghana) 18821922  Egypt 18841966  Bechuanaland (Botswana) 18841960  British Somaliland 18871897  Zululand 18881894  Matabeleland 18901965  Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 5 18901962  Uganda 18901963  Zanzibar (Tanzania) 18911964  Nyasaland (Malawi) 18911907  British Central Africa Protectorate 18931968  Swaziland 18951920  East Africa Protectorate 18991956  Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 20th century 19001914  Northern Nigeria 19001914  Southern Nigeria 19001910  Orange River Colony 19001910  Transvaal Colony 19061954  Nigeria Colony 19101931  South Africa 19111964  Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 19141954  Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 19151931  South West Africa (Namibia) 19191960  Cameroons (Cameroon) 6 19201963  Kenya 19221961  Tanganyika (Tanzania) 6 19541960  Nigeria 19791980  Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 5 5Southern Rhodesia issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and returned to British control in 1979. 6League of Nations mandate Asia  17th Century 1685-1824  Bencoolen (Sumatra) 18th century 17021705  Cn o 17571947  Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 17621764  Philippines 17951948  Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 17961965  Maldives 19th century 18191826  British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) 18261946  Straits Settlements 18391967  Colony of Aden 18391842  Afghanistan 18411997  Hong Kong 18411941  Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 18581947  British India (India Pakistan and Bangladesh Burma) 18791919  Afghanistan 18821963  British North Borneo (Malaysia) 18851946  Unfederated Malay States 18881984  Sultanate of Brunei 18881946  Sultanate of Sulu 18911971  Muscat and Oman protectorate 18921971  Trucial States protectorate 18951946  Federated Malay States 18981930  Weihai Garrison 18781960  Cyprus 20th century 19181961  Kuwait protectorate 19201932  Iraq6 19211946  Transjordan6 19231948  Palestine6 19451946  South Vietnam 19461948  Malayan Union 19461963  Sarawak (Malaysia) 19481957  Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) since 1960  Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) since 1965  British Indian Ocean Territory 6League of Nations mandate Oceania  18th century 17881901  New South Wales 19th century 18031901  Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 18071863  Auckland Islands7 18241980  New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 18241901  Queensland 18291901  Swan River Colony/Western Australia 18361901  South Australia since 1838  Pitcairn Islands 18411907  Colony of New Zealand 18511901  Victoria 18741970  Fiji8 18771976  British Western Pacific Territories 18841949  Territory of Papua 18881965  Cook Islands7 18891948  Union Islands (Tokelau)7 18921979  Gilbert and Ellice Islands9 18931978  British Solomon Islands10 20th century 19001970  Tonga (protected state) 19001974  Niue7 19011942  *Commonwealth of Australia 19071953  *Dominion of New Zealand 19191942  Nauru 19451968  Nauru 19191949  Territory of New Guinea 19491975  Territory of Papua and New Guinea11 7Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand 8Suspended member 9Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu 10Now the *Solomon Islands 11Now *Papua New Guinea Antarctica and South Atlantic  17th century since 1659  St. Helena12 19th century since 1815  Ascension Island12 since 1816  Tristan da Cunha12 since 1833  Falkland Islands13 20th century since 1908  British Antarctic Territory14 since 1908  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands13 14 12Since 2009 part of Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922) and Tristan da Cunha (1938) were previously dependencies of St Helena 13Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of AprilJune 1982 14Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) v d eEnglish-speaking world Anglosphere Dark blue: Countries and territories where English is an official language and spoken natively by a significant population. 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