Mouth

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This article is about the anatomical structure. For other uses, see Mouth (disambiguation). Mouth Head and neck. A closed female mouth Latin cavitas oris MeSH Oral+cavity

The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and saliva.1 The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth.

In addition to its primary role as the beginning of the digestive system, in humans the mouth also plays a significant role in communication. While primary aspects of the voice are produced in the throat, the tongue, lips, and jaw are also needed to produce the range of sounds included in human language. Another non-digestive function of the mouth is its role in secondary social and/or sexual activity, such as kissing. The physical appearance of the mouth and lips play a part in defining sexual attractiveness.2

The mouth is normally moist, and is lined with a mucous membrane. The lips mark the transition from mucous membrane to skin, which covers most of the body.

Contents 1 In Humans 1.1 Mouth cavity 1.2 Function 1.3 Cultural aspects 1.4 Development 2 In non-human animals 3 See also 4 References 5 External links // In Humans Mouth cavity Illustration of the inside of a human mouth

The first space of the mouth is the mouth cavity, bounded laterally and in front by the alveolar arches (containing the teeth), and posteriorily by the isthmus of the fauces. The oral cavity is also known as the mouth which swallows food and drinks that then go down the esophagus and into the stomach.

Function

The mouth plays an important role in sucking (it is part of the sucking apparatus), facial expression, eating, drinking and breathing. Infants are born with a sucking reflex, by which they instinctively know to suck for nourishment using their lips and jaw.

Cultural aspects

According to western etiquette, the mouth is kept closed, especially when chewing.

Lips can be adorned with lipstick or lip gloss, although in most cultures this is typically only practiced by females. Both men and women, however, apply lip balm in order to soothe chapped or dry lips.

Piercings in or around the mouth have been made popular by younger generations, including those on the lip or tongue. The uvula piercing, while increasing in popularity, remains relatively rare.

Development

The philtrum is the vertical groove in the upper lip, formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryo development. When these processes fail to fuse fully, a hare lip and/or cleft palate can result.

The nasolabial folds are the deep creases of tissue that extend from the nose to the sides of the mouth. One of the first signs of age on the human face is the increase in prominence of the nasolabial folds.

In non-human animals Alligators are known for their large mouths and sharp teeth

Some animal phyla, including vertebrates, have a complete digestive system, with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify animals into protostome and deuterostome. The first space of the mouth is the mouth cavity, bounded laterally and in front by the alveolar arches (containing the teeth), and posteriorly by the isthmus of the fauces.3

See also Head and neck anatomy Mouth breathing Index of oral health and dental articles List of basic dentistry topics Tonsillolith Arthropod mouthparts Insect mouthparts References ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.  ^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000402/spectrum/main3.htm ^ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.  External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mouth oral+cavity at eMedicine Dictionary v • d • e Human regional anatomy (TA A01.1) Head Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple Neck Throat · Adam's apple Trunk Chest (Breast) · Abdomen (Navel) · Back · Pelvis (Sex organs) Limbs Upper limb

Shoulder · Axilla · Arm

Elbow · Forearm

Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little) Lower limb/ (see also leg)

Hip · Buttocks · Thigh

Knee · Calf · Crus

Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Fifth) · Sole general anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs v • d • e Head and neck anatomy, digestive system: Mouth anatomy (TA A05.1-2, GA 11.1110-2, 1125-1141) Mouth Oral cavity (including mucosa) Vestibule

Lip (Upper, Lower, Vermillion border, Frenulum of lower lip, Philtrum)

Cheek (Buccal fat pad) OC proper Palate/ roof of mouth Hard palate · Soft palate · Palatine raphe · Incisive papilla Gingiva Interdental papilla · Gingival sulcus · Gingival margin Glands Parotid gland/Parotid duct · Submandibular gland/Submandibular duct · Sublingual gland/Major sublingual duct Teeth see tooth anatomy Tongue dorsum (Taste bud, Median sulcus, Terminal sulcus, Foramen cecum, Lingual tonsils) · underside (Frenulum, Fimbriated fold, Sublingual caruncle) · Anterior · Posterior · Glossoepiglottic folds · Lingual septum Oro-pharynx/ fauces

Oropharyngeal isthmus/Isthmus of the fauces

Soft palate (Uvula, Palatoglossal arch, Palatopharyngeal arch, Plica semilunaris of the fauces)

Tonsillar fossa

Palatine tonsil

M: MOU

anat/devp

noco/cofa(c)/cogi/tumr, sysi

proc (peri), drug (A1)

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