The basic idea behind Newspeak is to remove all shades of meaning from language leaving simple dichotomies (pleasure and pain happiness and sadness goodthink and crimethink) which reinforce the total dominance of the State. Similarly Newspeak root words served as both nouns and verbs which allowed further reduction in the total number of words; for example "think" served as both noun and verb so the word thought was not required and could be abolished. A staccato rhythm of short syllables was also a goal further reducing the need for deep thinking about language. (See duckspeak.) Successful Newspeak meant that there would be fewer and fewer words  dictionaries would get thinner and thinner.

In addition words with negative meanings were removed as redundant so "bad" became "ungood". Words with comparative and superlative meanings were also simplified so "better" became "gooder" and "best" likewise became "goodest".1 Intensifiers could be added so "great" became "plusgood" and "excellent" and "splendid" likewise became "doubleplusgood". Adjectives were formed by adding the suffix "-ful" to a root word (e.g. "goodthinkful" orthodox in thought) and adverbs by adding "-wise" ("goodthinkwise" in an orthodox manner). In this manner as many words as possible were removed from the language. The ultimate aim of Newspeak was to reduce even the dichotomies to a single word that was a "yes" of some sort: an obedient word with which everyone answered affirmatively to what was asked of them.

Some of the constructions in Newspeak such as "ungood" are in fact characteristic of agglutinative languages although foreign to English. It is possible that Orwell modeled aspects of Newspeak on Esperanto; for example "ungood" is constructed similarly to the Esperanto word malbona. Orwell had been exposed to Esperanto in 1927 when living in Paris with his aunt Ellen Kate Limouzin and her husband Eugne Lanti a prominent Esperantist. Esperanto was the language of the house and Orwell was disadvantaged by not speaking it which may account for some antipathy towards the language.1 To control thought By 2050earlier probablyall real knowledge of Oldspeak will have disappeared. The whole literature of the past will have been destroyed. Chaucer Shakespeare Milton Byronthey'll exist only in Newspeak versions not merely changed into something different but actually contradictory of what they used to be. Even the literature of the Party will change. Even the slogans will change. How could you have a slogan like "freedom is slavery" when the concept of freedom has been abolished The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact there will be no thought as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinkingnot needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness.3

Some examples of Newspeak from the novel include crimethink doublethink and Ingsoc. They mean respectively "thoughtcrime" "accepting as correct two mutually contradictory beliefs" and "English socialism" (the official political philosophy of the Party). The word Newspeak itself also comes from the language. All of these words would be obsolete and should be removed in the "final" version of Newspeak except for doubleplusungood in certain contexts.

Generically Newspeak has come to mean any attempt to restrict disapproved language by a government or other powerful entity.4 Vocabulary

The "A" group of words deals with simple concepts needed in everyday life (such as eating drinking working cooking and the like). It is almost entirely made up of words that already exist in the English language.5 The "B" group of words is deliberately constructed to convey more complicated ideas. The words in this group are compound words with political implications and aim to impose the mental attitude of the Party upon the speaker. For example the Newspeak word "goodthink" roughly means "orthodoxy". The "C" group of words deals with technical vocabulary and is supplementary to the other two groups. Since the Party does not want its people to be intelligent in multiple fields there is no Newspeak word for "science". There are separate words for different fields. See also Code word Dumbing down Framing Language and thought List of Newspeak words Logocracy LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii Nadsat Neologism Political correctness SapirWhorf hypothesis Thought-terminating clich Two + two five Philosophy of Language References a b c Orwell George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four "Appendix: The Principles of Newspeak" pp. 309323. New York: Plume 2003. Pynchon Thomas (2003). "Foreword to the Centennial Edition" to Nineteen Eighty-Four pp. viixxvi . New York: Plume 2003. Fromm Erich (1961). "Afterword" to Nineteen Eighty-Four pp. 324337. New York: Plume 2003. Orwell's text has a "Selected Bibliography" pp. 3389; the foreword and the afterword each contain further references. Copyright is explicitly extended to digital and any other means. Plume edition is a reprint of a hardcover by Harcourt. Plume edition is also in a Signet edition. Illich Ivan; Barry Sanders (1988) (in English language). ABC: The Alphabetization of the Popular Mind. San Francisco: North Point Press. pp. 109. ISBN 0-86547-291-2. "The satirical force with which Orwell used Newspeak to serve as his portrait of one of those totalitarian ideas that he saw taking root in the minds of intellectuals everywhere can be understood only if we remember that he speaks with shame about a belief that he formerly held... From 1942 to 1944 working as a colleague of William Empson's he produced a series of broadcasts to India written in Basic English trying to use its programmed simplicity as a Tribune article put it "as a sort of corrective to the oratory of statesmen and publicists." Only during the last year of the war did he write "Politics and the English Language" insisting that the defense of English language has nothing to do with the setting up of a Standard English.""  Orwell George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. OED: any corrupt form of English; esp. ambiguous or euphemistic language as used in official pronouncements or political propaganda. 1984- notes: summary and analysis. Barnes & Noble. Further reading "Newspeak Dictionary". Updated 16 April 2006. Retrieved 21 April 2006. ("The Newspeak Dictionary has moved." New URL shown.) Burgess Anthony. Nineteen Eighty-Five. Boston: Little Brown & Co 1978. ISBN 0-316-11651-3. Anthony Burgess discusses the plausibility of Newspeak. Green Jonathon. Newspeak: a dictionary of jargon. London Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1985 1984. ISBN 0-7102-0673-9. "Find in a library: Newspeak: A dictionary of Jargon" by Jonathon Green. Retrieved 21 April 2006. Klemperer Victor. LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii: Notizbuch eines Philologen.. Original German language editions. Klemperer Victor & Watt Roderick H. LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii: A Philologist's Notebook. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press 1997. ISBN 0-7734-8681-X. An annotated edition of Victor Klemperers LTI Notizbuch eines Philologen with English notes and commentary by Roderick H. Watt. Klemperer Victor & Brady Martin (tr.). The language of the Third Reich: LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii: A Philologist's Notebook. London UK; New Brunswick NJ: Athlone Press 2000. ISBN 0-485-11526-3 (alk. paper). Translated by Martin Brady. Young John Wesley . Totalitarian Language: Orwell's Newspeak and Its Nazi and Communist Antecedents. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia 1991. ISBN 0-8139-1324-1. John Wesley Young wrote this scholarly work about Newspeak and historical examples of language control. An independent compilation of the Newspeak language v d eNineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell Characters Winston Smith  Julia  O'Brien  Big Brother  Emmanuel Goldstein Places Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four  Airstrip One  Room 101 Classes Inner Party  Outer Party  Proles  The Brotherhood Ministries Ministry of Love  Ministry of Peace  Ministry of Plenty  Ministry of Truth Concepts Ingsoc  Newspeak (wordlist)  Doublethink  Goodthink  Crimestop  Two + two five  Thoughtcrime  Thought Police  Telescreen  Memory hole  The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism  Two Minutes Hate  Hate week  Prolefeed  Prolesec  Unperson Adaptations 1953 US TV  1954 BBC TV  1956 film  Diamond Dogs  1984 film  Me and the Big Guy  2005 opera Influence Nineteen Eighty-Four in popular media Book:Nineteen Eighty-Four v d ePropaganda techniques Ad hominem  Bandwagon effect  Big Lie  Blood libel  Buzzword  Card stacking  Censorship  Code word  Dog-whistle politics  Doublespeak  Euphemism  Framing  Glittering generality  Government-organized demonstration  Historical revisionism  Ideograph  Indoctrination  Lawfare  Lesser of two evils principle  Limited hangout  Loaded language  Mass games  Newspeak  Obscurantism  Plain folks  Political correctness  Public relations  Slogan  Spin  Weasel word v d e Constructed languages (conlangs) Types and concepts Artistic language (artlang)  Constructed language (conlang)  Constructed script  Engineered language (engelang)  Fictional language  International auxiliary language (IAL)  Language game  Musical language  Relexification  Universal language  Zonal language Conlangs Blissymbols  Brithenig  Damin  Dothraki  Enochian  Esperanto  Glosa  Ido  Interlingua  Ithkuil  Klen  Klingon  Ladan  Lingua Franca Nova  Lingua Ignota  Loglan  Lojban  Na'vi  Nadsat  Novial  Occidental  Quenya  Ro  Sambahsa  Sindarin  Slovianski  Solresol  Teonaht  Toki Pona  Tsolyni  Volapk Comparisons Esperanto vs. Ido   Esperanto vs. Interlingua   Esperanto vs. Novial   Ido vs. Interlingua   Ido vs. Novial Resources Conlanger  Conlang X-SAMPA  Langmaker  Language Creation Conference  Language Creation Society  Translation relay  Zompist.com  List of constructed languages Portal  WikiProject