"Wikipedia" is an example of a portmanteau; it combines the word "wiki" with the word "encyclopedia".

Portmanteau words may be produced by joining together proper nouns with common nouns such as "gerrymandering" which refers to the scheme of Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry for politically contrived redistricting: one of the districts created resembled a salamander in outline. Bardolatry a portmanteau of "the bard" reference to Shakespeare and "idolatry" means excessive worship of the author of Hamlet and the other works.

Some city names are portmanteaux of the regions they straddle: Texarkana spreads across the Texas-Arkansas border while Calexico and Mexicali are respectively the American and Mexican sides of a single conurbation. Kentuckiana while generally used to specifically describe the Louisville metropolitan area is also used (although a bit more lightly) to describe the entire stretch of the Ohio Valley in the adjoining states of Indiana and Kentucky. Brand names "Verizon" is a portmanteau of "veritas" and "horizon." "Accenture" is often explained as a portmanteau of "accent" and "future." Similarly "Finacle" for a retail banking product of Infosys is a portmanteau of the words "Financial Pinnacle." The flavour of the cheese "Cambozola" combines the creaminess of "Camembert" with the sharpness of blue "Gorgonzola". Non-standard English A spork Many portmanteau words receive some use but do not (yet) appear in all dictionaries. For example a spork is an eating utensil that is a combination of a spoon and fork. A skort is an item of clothing that is part skirt part shorts. The Pegacorn or a Unipeg is a fantasy creature that combines Pegasus and unicorn to describe a winged unicorn. A real creature that is a crossbred lion and tiger is called a liger or a tiglon. Jean shorts are jorts and jean hats are jats. In 2009 the term jeggings was coined to describe a pair of pants with the appearance of denim but the stretchiness of leggings. Portmanteaus are also commonly utilized in avant-garde scientific and literary theory; the word "stragmatics" for example is increasingly employed in the context of posthuman factors research to address the strategic pragmatics of pragmatic strategies (i.e. strategies that are intrinsically realized by being arrived at by pragmatic means). "Jeoportmanteau!" is a recurring category on the American television quiz show Jeopardy!. The category's name is itself a portmanteau of the words "Jeopardy" and "portmanteau". Responses in the category are portmanteaus constructed by fitting two words together. For example the clue "Brett Favre or John Elway plus a knapsack" yielded the response "What is a 'quarterbackpack'"12unreliable source Blaxploitation is a film genre/style whose name derives from a portmanteau of "black" and "exploitation" reflecting its main theme of social problems along with the stereotypical depiction of Black people in film. In the comic strip Li'l Abner the central characters' surname Yokum is a portmanteau of the words yokel and hokum. Turducken is a dish made by inserting a chicken into a duck and thence into a turkey. In this way the food reflects the portmanteau nature of the name. The word turducken was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2010 along with refudiate coined by Sarah Palin from refute and repudiate. In music fandom the word stan which came into use after rapper Eminem released a song with the same name is a portmanteau of stalker and fan. Name-meshing Two proper names can also be used in creating a portmanteau word in reference to the partnership between people especially in cases where both persons are well-known or sometimes to produce epithets such as "Billary" (referring to former United States president Bill Clinton and his wife United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton). In this example of recent American political history the purpose for blending is not so much to combine the meanings of the source words but "to suggest a resemblance of one named person to the other;" the effect is often derogatory as linguist Benjamin Zimmer notes.13 In contrast the public and even the media use portmanteaux to refer to their favorite pairings as a way to "...give people an essence of who they are within the same name."14 This is particularly seen in cases of fictional and real-life "supercouples." An early and well-known example Bennifer referred to film stars Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez. Other examples include Brangelina (Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie) and TomKat (Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes). "Desilu Productions" was a Los Angeles California-based company jointly owned by couple and actors Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball. In double-barreled names the hyphen is almost pushing one name away from the other.14 Meshing says "I am you and you are me" notes one expert.14 In 2009 John and Edward Grimes (twins) followed the growing trend for celebrity portmanteau names when they entered the sixth series of The X-Factor (UK) under the name "Jedward." Other languages French Although portmanteau is a borrowing from French (modern spelling: portemanteau) it is not used in French in this sense. It is indeed a false friend. It literally means "coat carrier" and in Modern French refers to a coat stand or coat hook but in the past it could also mean "suitcase". It was in this sense that it first came into English and the metaphorical use for a linguistic phenomenon (putting one word inside another as into a case) is an English coinage. The French linguistic term mot-valise literally a "suitcase-word" is a relatively recent back-translation from English attested only since 1970. German German Kofferwort is a recent literal translation of French mot-valise attested since 1983. However the pheonomenon is well-known in German poetry. Heinrich Heine is believed to have coined over 60 portmanteaux.15 Modern Hebrew Modern Hebrew abounds with European mechanisms such as blending: Along with (kompaktdisk compact disc) Hebrew has the blend (taklitor) which consists of the Hebrew-descent (taklt record) and (or light). Modern Hebrew is full of portmanteau blends such as: (arpiakh smog) from (arafel fog) and (piakh soot) (midrahov (pedestrian) promenade) from (midrakha footpath) and (rehov street) (makhazemer musical) from (makhazeh play noun) and (zmer song) (bohorayim brunch) from (boker morning) (i.e. breakfast cf. aruhat boker breakfast) and (tsohorayim noon) (i.e. lunch cf. aruhat tsohorayim lunch).16 (migdalor lighthouse) from (migdal tower) and (or light) Icelandic There is a tradition of linguistic purism in Icelandic and neologisms are frequently created from pre-existing words. Tlva ("computer") is a portmanteau of tala ("digit; number") and vlva ("oracle or seeress").17 Indonesian Indonesian has many portmanteau words: Golput voters who abstain from voting from Golongan Putih "blank party" or "white party".18 Jagorawi a motorway linking the cities of Jakarta Bogor and Ciawi. Jabodetabek the area of greater Jakarta consisting of Jakarta Bogor Depok Tangerang Bekasi. The Suramadu National Bridge connects the cities of Surabaya and Madura. In slang: Mafia matematika + fisika + kimia (mathematics physics and chemistry) Saltum salah kostum ('wrong costume') i.e. inappropriate dress Caper cari perhatian ('searching for attention') Maho manusia ('human') + homosexual; this term is commonly used as a joke as LGBT in Indonesia is a very problematic thing and many still regard it as a mental illness. Warteg Warung + Tegal an area in Indonesia Alay anak ('kid') + either lebay (excessive cheesy) or layangan ('kite') Ropang ('toast') roti ('bread') + panggang ('roasted' or 'toasted') Kanker (literally 'cancer') is also slang for 'out of money' from kantong ('pocket') + kering ('dry') Nasgor ('fried rice') nasi ('rice') + goreng ('fried') Japanese There are many examples of borrowed word blends in Japanese. The word (pasokon) meaning PC as in personal computer is not officially an English loan word. The word does not exist in English; it is a uniquely Japanese contraction of the English personal computer ( psonaru konpyta). Another example Pokmon () is a contracted form of the English words pocket ( poketto) and monsters ( monsut).19 Sometimes Japanese and English words are blended together. One very famous example karaoke ( karaoke) is the blend of the Japanese word for empty ( karappo) and the English word orchestra ( kesutora). Hindi Common name like 'Mahesh' meaning lord of the earth is composed of two words Mahi (earth) + Ish (God) combined by the rules of Sanskrit sandhi. However unlike other languages sandhi in Sanskrit follows strict grammar rules and is a well formed system from the very beginning of Sanskrit. There are many examples of borrowed word blends in Hindi. Another word common in both Hindi and English is Hinglish which refers to the vernacular of the people in India where they mix Hindi and English in the spoken language. Chinese In 1927 the city of Wuhan capital of the Hubei Province was created by merging the three cities of Wuchang Hankou and Hanyang into one city. Portmanteau word/morph (linguistics) In linguistics the term blend is used to refer to general combination of words and the term portmanteau is reserved for the narrow sense of combining two or more morphemes in one morph. E.g. in the Latin word animalis the ending -is is a portmanteau morph because it is used for two morphemes: the singularity and the genitive case. In English two separate morphs are used (of an animal). The term may also be extended to include contractions. Examples of such combinations include: Language Combination Portmanteau Portuguese de o do a aquele quele de ela dela em um num French le au les aux de le du de les des si il s'il que + il/elle/on qu'il/elle/on German in das ins in dem im zu dem zum zu der zur Irish de an den do an don Spanish a el al de el del con mi conmigo con ti contigo para agua paragua Welsh i yn i'n West Frisian bist do bisto yn de yn 'e This usage has been referred to as "portmanteau morph."5 While in Portuguese French and Spanish the use of the short forms is mandatory German speakers may freely choose the form they use. See also Acronym Blend Border towns in the United States with portmanteau names Colloquialism Compound words Double entendre Finnegans Wake James Joyce's novel with an unusually high proportion of portmanteau neologisms List of portmanteaus Malamanteau Neologism Pseudo-anglicism Pun Syllabic abbreviation References a b "Portmanteau". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/portmanteau. Retrieved 21 June 2008.  "Portmanteau word". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. http://www.bartleby.com/61/91/P0459100.html. Retrieved 21 June 2008.  "portmanteau word". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Cleveland: Wiley. 2010. ISBN 0764571257.  a b c "portmanteau n.". Oxford English Dictionary third edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/148217. Retrieved 2011-02-23.  a b "What is a portmanteau morph". LinguaLinks Library. 2003. http://www.sil.org/Linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPortmanteauMorph.htm.  Thomas David (1983). An invitation to grammar. Summer Institute of Linguistics. Bangkok: Mahidol University. p. 9  Crystal David (1985). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics (2nd ed.). New York: Basil Blackwell. pp. 237  Hartmann R.R.K.; Stork F.C. (1972). Dictionary of language and linguistics. London: Applied Science. pp. 180  a b c Fromkin V. Rodman R. and Hyams N. (2007) An Introduction to Language Eighth Edition. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 1-4130-1773-8. "Portmanteau". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Punch 1 August 1896 58/2 "J! Archive - Show 4675 aired 24 December 2004". http://www.j-archive.com/showgame.phpgameid87&highlightportmanteau. Retrieved 13 April 2009.  (The clue in question is located under "Double Jeopardy") Zimmer Benjamin (1 November 2005). "A perilous portmanteau". Language Log. University of Pennsylvania. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/myl/languagelog/archives/002610.html. Retrieved 11 November 2008.  a b c Winterman Denise (3 August 2006). "What a mesh". BBC News Magazine. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/5239464.stm. Retrieved 17 July 2008.  Almuth Grsillon La rgle et le monstre: le mot-valise - Interrogations sur la langue partir d'un corpus de Heinrich Heine Tbingen 1984 160-66. See p. 62 in Zuckermann Ghil'ad Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation Forms and Patterns. In Journal of Language Contact Varia 2 (2009) pp. 40-67 Kristjn rnason; Sigrn Helgadttir (1991) "Terminology and Icelandic Language Policy" Behovet och nyttan av terminologiskt arbete p 90-talet Nordterm 5 Nordterm-symposium pp. 7-21 "Golput - Schotts Vocab Blog - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. 17 February 2009. http://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/17/golput/. Retrieved 19 June 2009.  Rosen Eric. "Japanese loanword accentuation: epenthesis and foot form interacting through edge-interior alignment". University of British Columbia. sfu.ca. http://www.sfu.ca/gradlings/SFUWPL/ICEAL2/RosenE.pdf. Retrieved 25 November 2010.  External links Look up portmanteau word or Category:English blends in Wiktionary the free dictionary. Look up portmanteau in Wiktionary the free dictionary. Lexiconcept.coman online portmanteau generator