This article is about the country. For other uses see Saint Lucia (disambiguation). Saint Lucia Sainte-Lucie Flag Coat of arms Motto: "The Land The People The Light" Anthem: Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia Capital (and largest city) Castries 141N 6059W / 14.017N 60.983W / 14.017; -60.983 Demonym Saint Lucian Government Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Elizabeth II  -  Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy  -  Prime Minister Stephenson King1 Independence  -  from the United Kingdom 22 February 1979  Area  -  616 km2 (191st) 238 sq mi   -  Water (%) 1.6 Population  -  2009 census 173765   -  Density 298/km2 (41st) 672/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2009 estimate  -  Total $1.746 billion2   -  Per capita $101772  GDP (nominal) 2009 estimate  -  Total $973 million2   -  Per capita $56712  HDI (2009) 0.821 (high) (69th) Currency East Caribbean Dollar (XCD) Time zone (UTC4) Drives on the left ISO 3166 code LC Internet TLD .lc Calling code +1-758

Saint Lucia (i /sent lu/; French: Sainte-Lucie) is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. 3 Part of the Lesser Antilles it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 (238 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 173765 (2009 census). Its capital is Castries. The island nation has been the home of two Nobel laureates Arthur Lewis and Derek Walcott. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after the Faroe Islands.

One of the Windward Islands it was named after Saint Lucy of Syracuse by the French the first European colonizers. They signed a treaty with the native Carib peoples in 1660. England took control of the island from 1663 to 1667; in ensuing years it was at war with France 14 times and rule of the island changed frequently (7 times French and British each). In 1814 the British took definitive control of the island. Because it switched so often between British and French control Saint Lucia was also known as the "Helen of the West Indies."

Saint Lucia has a legal system based on British common law. The judiciary is independent and conducts generally fair public trials. The financial sector has weathered the global financial crisis but the recession has hurt tourism.

Representative government came about in 1924 (with universal suffrage from 1953). From 1958 to 1962 the island was a member of the Federation of the West Indies. Finally on February 22 1979 Saint Lucia became an independent state of the Commonwealth of Nations.3 The island nation celebrates this every year with a public holiday. It is also a member of La Francophonie.4 Contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Quarters 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Demographics 6.1 Health 7 Culture 7.1 Festivals 7.2 Music and dance 7.3 Education 8 Tourism 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External links History Main article: History of Saint Lucia

Europeans first landed on the island in either 1492 or 1502 during Spain's early exploration of the Caribbean.

The island was first settled by the French who signed a treaty with the local Caribs in 1660. Like the English and Dutch the French began to develop the island for the cultivation of sugar cane on extensive plantations. After the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and the France-Spanish coalition was brought to an end by the treaty of Paris (10 February 1763) in which the signatories agreed to an exchange of colonial territories. When the British acquired the island trying to use the Caribs as labourers they imported enslaved Africans as workers. Many of the Caribs died because of lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases such as smallpox and measles and as a result of being overworked and maltreated by the Europeans.

Caribbean conditions were hard and many slaves died as well. The British continued to import slaves until they abolished the trade due to the slave and Carib revolutionary wars against them. By that time people of ethnic African and Carib descent greatly outnumbered those of ethnic European background.

Thereafter Saint Lucia was much contested by the two European powers until the British secured it in 1814. It was part of the British Windward Islands colony.

It joined the West Indies Federation (195862) when the colony was dissolved. In 1967 Saint Lucia became one of the six members of the West Indies Associated States with internal self-government. In 1979 it gained full independence under Sir John Compton. Compton of the conservative United Workers party (UWP) was again prime minister from 1982 to 1996 when he was succeeded by Vaughn Lewis. Kenny Anthony of the Labour Party was prime minister from 1997 to 2006 when the UWP again led by Compton won control of parliament. In May 2007 after Compton suffered a series of ministrokes Finance and External Affairs Minister Stephenson King became acting prime minister. He became prime minister after Compton died in September 2007. Politics This section needs expanding Main article: Politics of Saint Lucia The current Prime Minister is Stevenson King (UWP). See also: Foreign relations of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm; Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of State of Saint Lucia represented on the island by a Governor-General. Executive power however is in the hands of the Prime Minister and his cabinet.3 The prime minister is normally the head of the party commanding the support of the majority of the members of the House of Assembly which has 17 seats.1 The other chamber of Parliament the Senate has 11 appointed members. Saint Lucia is a two-party parliamentary democracy. Prime Minister Stephenson King of the business-friendly United Workers Party took office in 2007. Saint Lucia is a full and participating member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and La Francophonie. Quarters Main article: Quarters of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia has 11 quarters or parishes of the island under the French colonial government which was continued by the British: Anse la Raye Quarter Castries Quarter Choiseul Quarter Dauphin Quarter Dennery Quarter Gros Islet Quarter Laborie Quarter Micoud Quarter Praslin Quarter Soufrire Quarter Vieux Fort Quarter Quarters of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia has 17 electoral segments for the 17 seats in the House of Assembly (each with title "Parliamentary Representative"):1 Canaries & Anse La Raye Babonneau Castries Central Castries North Castries North East Castries South Castries South East Choiseul Dennery North       Dennery South Gros Islet Laborie Micoud North Micoud South Soufriere Vieux Fort North Vieux Fort South Geography Main article: Geography of Saint Lucia View of Soufrire Saint Lucia The volcanic island of Saint Lucia is more mountainous than many other Caribbean islands with the highest point being Mount Gimie at 950 metres (3120 ft) above sea level. Two other mountains the Pitons form the island's most famous landmark. They are located between Soufrire and Choiseul on the western side of the island. Saint Lucia is also one of the few islands in the world that boasts a drive-in volcano. The capital city of Saint Lucia is Castries where about one third of the population lives. Major towns include Gros Islet Soufrire and Vieux Fort. The local climate is tropical moderated by northeast trade winds with a dry season from December 1 to May 31 and a wet season from June 1 to November 30. Economy Main article: Economy of Saint Lucia An educated workforce and improvements in roads communications water supply sewerage and port facilities have attracted foreign investment in tourism and in petroleum storage and transshipment. However with the U.S. Canada and Europe in recession tourism declined by double digits in early 2009. Because of fluctuations in banana prices and possible World Trade Organizationimposed reductions in European Union trade preferences. The recent change in the European Union import preference regime and the increased competition from Latin American bananas have made economic diversification increasingly important in Saint Lucia. The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries which is the island's main source of revenue. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area and the government is trying to revitalize the banana industry. Despite negative growth in 2001 economic fundamentals remain solid and GDP growth should recover in the future. Inflation has been relatively low averaging 5.5 percent between 2006 and 2008. Saint Lucias currency is the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (EC$) a regional currency shared among members of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECU). The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCL) issues the EC$ manages monetary policy and regulates and supervises commercial banking activities in member countries. In 2003 the government began a comprehensive restructuring of the economy including elimination of price controls and privatization of the state banana company.5 Demographics Castries is the capital city of Saint Lucia Main article: Demographics of Saint Lucia The population of about 170000 is evenly divided between urban and rural areas although the capital Castries contains more than one-third of the population. Saint Lucia's population is predominantly of African and mixed African-European descent with a small Indo-Caribbean minority (3%). Members of other or unspecified ethnicity groups account for about 2% of the population. The official language is English however Creole (Kweyol) which is a French-based Creole is spoken by 95% of the population. Saint Lucian Creole French is used in literature and music and is gaining official recognition.6 It evolved from French African languages and Carib. Saint Lucia is a member of La Francophonie. Saint Lucia boasts the highest ratio of Nobel laureates produced with respect to the total population of any country in the world. Two winners have come from Saint Lucia: Sir Arthur Lewis won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1979 and Derek Walcott received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1992. Both were born on the same day in 1915 and 1930 respectively: January 23. About 70% of the population is Roman Catholic influenced from the days of French Catholic rule and evangelization. Most of the rest belong to other Christian denominations including Seventh-day Adventisms (7%) Pentecostalism (6%) Anglicanism (2%) Evangelical Christianity (2%) and the Baptist faith; in addition about 2% of the population adheres to the Rastafari movement.7 Despite a high emigration rate the population is growing rapidly about 1.2% per year. Migration from Saint Lucia is primarily to Anglophone countries with the United Kingdom having almost 10000 Saint Lucian-born citizens and over 30000 of Saint Lucian heritage. The second most popular destination for Saint Lucian expatriates is the United States where combined (foreign and national born Saint Lucians) almost 14000 reside. Canada is home to a few thousand Saint Lucians. Most other countries in the world have fewer than 50 citizens of Saint Lucian origin (the exceptions being Spain and France with 124 and 117 Saint Lucian expats respectively).8 Health Public expenditure on health was at 3.3 % of the GDP in 2004 whereas private expenditure was at 1.8 %.9 Health expenditure was at US$ 302 (PPP) per capita in 2004.9 Infant mortality was at 12 per 100000 births in 2005.9 There is one public hospital and one private hospital in St Lucia. There was a second but it was burnt down in a fire in the early hours of September 9 2009.10 Culture Main article: Culture of Saint Lucia See also: Derek Walcott and Music of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Jazz Festival in Castries The culture of Saint Lucia has been influenced by African East Indian French and English heritage. One of the secondary languages is Creole a form of French patois. Festivals Saint Lucian cultural festivals include La Rose and La Marguerite the first's representing the Rosicrucian order and the second's representing Freemasonry.11 This can be seen on a mural painted by Dunstan St Omer depicting the holy trinity of Osiris Horus and Isis. The biggest festival of the year is the Saint Lucian Jazz Festival. Held in early May at multiple venues throughout the island it draws visitors and musicians from around the world. Traditionally in common with other Caribbean countries Saint Lucia held a carnival before Lent. In 1999 the government moved Carnival to mid-July to avoid competing with the much larger Trinidad and Tobago carnival. It wanted to attract more overseas visitors. In May 2009 Saint Lucians commemorated the 150th Anniversary of West Indian Heritage on the island. Music and dance A popular folk dance is the Quadrille. Together with Caribbean music genres such as Calypso Soca DancehallReggae Compas Zouk and Salsa Saint Lucia has a strong indigenous folk music tradition. Each May since 1991 Saint Lucia has hosted an internationally renowned Jazz Festival. The dancing in Saint Lucia comes from the Caribbean and is quite active. Education The Education Act provides for free and compulsory education in Saint Lucia from the ages of 5 to 15.912 Public spending on education was at 5.8 % among the 2002-2005 GDP.9 Saint Lucia has one university; University of the West Indies Open Campus13 and a few medical schools the oldest of which is Spartan Health Sciences University. Tourism Main article: Tourism in Saint Lucia Tourism is vital to Saint Lucia's economy. Its economic importance is expected to continue to increase as the market for bananas becomes more competitive. Tourism tends to be more substantial during the dry season (January to April). Saint Lucia tends to be popular due to its tropical weather and scenery and its numerous beaches and resorts. Other tourist attractions include a drive-in volcano Sulphur Springs (at Soufrire) the Botanical Gardens the Majestic twin Peaks "The Pitons" A world heritage site the rain forests and Pigeon Island National Park which is home to Fort Rodney an old British military base. The majority of tourists visit Saint Lucia as part of a cruise. Most of their time tends to be spent in Castries although Soufriere Marigot Bay and Gros Islet are popular locations to visit. A panorama of Marigot Bay Gallery Gros Piton seen from the Ladera Hotel restaurant September 2007 Petit Piton seen from the Ladera Hotel restaurant December 2004 Soufrire Bay February 2006 Hilltop view of resort June 2006 Typical sight in Canaries: houses on hills June 2006 St Lucia beach February 2006 View from the Le Sport   resort March 2006 See also Caribbean portal Main article: Outline of Saint Lucia Saint Lucian British Index of Saint Lucia-related articles Notes a b c "Members of the House of Assembly" Government of St. Lucia 2008 stlucia.gov.lc (see below: References). a b c d "Saint Lucia". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspxsy2007&ey2010&scsm1&ssd1&sortcountry&ds.&br1&c362&sNGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp0&a&pr.x58&pr.y3. Retrieved 2010-04-21.  a b c "The Saint Lucia Constitution" (1978-December-20 effective 1979-February-22) Government of St. Lucia December 2008 www.stlucia.gov.lc (see below: References). "Undp.org" (PDF). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI2008ENTables.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-04.  http://www.heritage.org/Index/Country/SaintLucia "Kweyolphone Countries Take Stock of the Language's Growth". Government of Saint Lucia. http://stlucia.gov.lc/pr2005/may/kweyolphonecountriestakestockofthelanguagesgrowth.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-22.  "Infoplease.com". Infoplease.com. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0855613.html. Retrieved 2010-03-04.  "Oecd.org". http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-04.  a b c d e "Human Development Report 2009 - Saint Lucia". hdrstats.undp.org. http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/datasheets/ctydsLCA.html. Retrieved 2009-11-16.  namehttp://stluciastar.com/content/archives/6888 "St. Lucia Culture". Flights To St Lucia. http://www.flightstostlucia.com/culture-of-st-lucia. Retrieved 2010-03-12.  "Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) - U.S. Department of Labor". Dol.gov. http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/saint-lucia.htm. Retrieved 2009-11-16.  "Saint Lucia Colleges and University Directory. Universities and Colleges in Higher Education of (Saint Lucia ). Universities Colleges Departments Schools Institutes of Saint Lucia version: 2009-11-161687412353". University-directory.eu. http://www.university-directory.eu/Saint-Lucia/Saint-Lucia.html. Retrieved 2009-11-16.  References "The Saint Lucia Constitution" (1978-December-20 effective 1979-February-22) Government of St. Lucia 2008 stlucia.gov.lc webpage: The Saint Lucia Constitution Order 1978. "Members of the House of Assembly" (and Prime Minister) Government of St. Lucia 2008 stlucia.gov.lc webpage: stlucia.gov.lc/govfolks-members. External links Find more about Saint Lucia on Wikipedia's sister projects: Definitions from Wiktionary Images and media from Commons Learning resources from Wikiversity News stories from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Official website of the Government of Saint Lucia Chief of State and Cabinet Members Saint Lucia entry at The World Factbook Saint Lucia from UCB Libraries GovPubs Saint Lucia at the Open Directory Project Wikimedia Atlas of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia travel guide from Wikitravel Atlas of Saint Lucia  Articles related to Saint Lucia   Geographic locale Lat. and Long. 141N 6059W / 14.017N 60.983W / 14.017; -60.983 (Castries) v d eCountries and territories of the Caribbean  Sovereign states Commonwealth Realms Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Grenada  Jamaica  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Commonwealth republics Dominica  Trinidad and Tobago Other republics Cuba  Dominican Republic  Haiti  Dependencies and other areas by parent state United Kingdom Anguilla  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Montserrat  Turks and Caicos Islands Netherlands Aruba  Bonaire  Curaao  Saba  Saint Eustatius  Sint Maarten France Guadeloupe  Martinique  St. Barthlemy  St. Martin United States Bajo Nuevo Bank  Navassa Island  Puerto Rico  Serranilla Bank  U.S. Virgin Islands v d eCountries and dependencies of North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas  Barbados  Belize  Canada  Costa Rica  Cuba  Dominica  Dominican Republic  El Salvador  France (Guadeloupe  Martinique)  Grenada  Guatemala  Haiti  Honduras  Jamaica  Mexico  Nicaragua  Netherlands (Bonaire  Saba  Saint Eustatius)  Panama  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines  Trinidad and Tobago  United States Dependencies Denmark Greenland France Clipperton Island  St. Barthlemy  St. Martin  St. Pierre and Miquelon Netherlands Aruba  Curaao  Sint Maarten United Kingdom Anguilla  Bermuda  British Virgin Islands  Cayman Islands  Montserrat  Turks and Caicos Islands United States Bajo Nuevo Bank  Navassa Island  Puerto Rico  Serranilla Bank  U.S. Virgin Islands  International membership v d eOrganisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Members Antigua and Barbuda  Dominica  Grenada  Montserrat  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Associate members Anguilla  British Virgin Islands Financial institutions Eastern Caribbean Central Securities Registry  Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange  East Caribbean dollar  Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Other institutions Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court v d eCaribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat (Secretary-General) Nations Members Antigua and Barbuda  Bahamas1  Barbados  Belize  Dominica  Grenada  Guyana  Haiti1  Jamaica  Montserrat2  St. Kitts and Nevis  St. Lucia  St. Vincent and the Grenadines  Suriname  Trinidad and Tobago Associate members Anguilla  Bermuda  Cayman Islands  British Virgin Islands  Turks and Caicos Islands Observers Aruba  Colombia  Curaao  Dominican Republic  Mexico  Puerto Rico  Sint Maarten  Venezuela Institutions CSME  CDEMA  CMO  CMO  CXC  CCJ  CFC  CEHI  CARDI  REPAHA  ACCP  CARICAD  CFNI  CCC  CRITI  Related organizations Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States 1 Member of the Community but not of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME).   2 British overseas territory awaiting entrustment to join the CSME. v d eMember states and observers of the Francophonie Members Albania  Andorra  Armenia  Belgium (French Community)  Benin  Bulgaria  Burkina Faso  Burundi  Cambodia  Cameroon  Canada (New Brunswick  Quebec)  Cape Verde  Central African Republic  Chad  Comoros  Cyprus1  Democratic Republic of the Congo  Republic of the Congo  Cte d'Ivoire  Djibouti  Dominica  Egypt  Equatorial Guinea  France (French Guiana  Guadeloupe  Martinique  St. Pierre and Miquelon)  Gabon  Ghana1  Greece  Guinea  Guinea-Bissau  Haiti  Laos  Luxembourg  Lebanon  Macedonia2  Madagascar  Mali  Mauritania  Mauritius  Moldova  Monaco  Morocco  Niger  Romania  Rwanda  St. Lucia  So Tom and Prncipe  Senegal  Seychelles  Switzerland  Togo  Tunisia  Vanuatu  Vietnam Observers Austria  Croatia  Czech Republic  Dominican Republic  Georgia  Hungary  Latvia  Lithuania  Mozambique  Poland  Serbia  Slovakia  Slovenia  Thailand  Ukraine 1 Associate member. 2 Provisionally referred to by the Francophonie as the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"; 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