For other uses see Seinfeld (disambiguation). Seinfeld Genre Sitcom Created by Larry David Jerry Seinfeld Written by Larry David Jerry Seinfeld Directed by Art Wolff Tom Cherones Andy Ackerman David Steinberg Starring Jerry Seinfeld Julia Louis-Dreyfus Michael Richards Jason Alexander Country of origin United States Language(s) English No. of seasons 9 No. of episodes 180 (List of episodes) Production Executive producer(s) Larry David (Seasons 17) Howard West George Shapiro Andrew Scheinman (Seasons 24) Jerry Seinfeld (Seasons 89) Alec Berg (Season 9) Jeff Schaffer (Season 9) Camera setup Multi-camera Running time 22 minutes Production company(s) Castle Rock Entertainment Distributor Columbia Pictures Television (19891998) Columbia TriStar Television (19992002) Sony Pictures Television (2002present) Broadcast Original channel NBC Picture format 4:3 SDTV 16:9 HDTV (details) Original run July 5 1989 (1989-07-05) May 14 1998 (1998-05-14) Status Ended External links Website

Seinfeld is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from July 5 1989 to May 14 1998 lasting nine seasons and is now in syndication. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself. Set predominantly in an apartment block on Manhattan's Upper West Side (but shot mainly in Los Angeles) the show features a host of Jerry's friends and acquaintances in particular George Costanza Elaine Benes and Jerry's neighbour Cosmo Kramer.

Seinfeld was produced by Castle Rock Entertainment and distributed in association with Columbia Pictures Television and Columbia TriStar Television; Sony Pictures Television has distributed the series since 2002. It was largely co-written by David and Seinfeld with input from numerous script writers including Larry Charles Peter Mehlman Gregg Kavet Andy Robin Carol Leifer David Mandel Jeff Schaffer Steve Koren Jennifer Crittenden Tom Gammill Max Pross Charlie Rubin Marjorie Gross Alec Berg Elaine Pope and Spike Feresten.

A critical favorite commercial blockbuster and cultural phenomenon the show led the Nielsen ratings in its sixth and ninth seasons and finished among the top two (along with NBC's ER) every year from 1994 to 1998. In 2002 TV Guide named Seinfeld as the greatest television program of all time.1 Contents 1 Overview 1.1 Main characters 1.2 Recurring characters 1.3 Notable guest appearances 2 Characteristics 2.1 Theme 2.2 Plotlines 2.3 Catchphrases 3 Progression 3.1 Seasons 13 3.2 Seasons 45 3.3 Seasons 67 3.4 Seasons 89 4 Series finale 5 Awards and nominations 6 Ratings history 7 After Seinfeld 7.1 The Seinfeld curse 7.2 Another scene 7.3 Curb Your Enthusiasm 2009 Reunion 8 Consumer products 9 Seinfeld in HD 10 Media 10.1 DVD releases 10.2 Music 11 See also 12 References 12.1 General references 13 External links Overview

Seinfeld stood out from the many family and group sitcoms of its time. None of the principal Seinfeld characters were related by family or work connections but remained distinctively close friends throughout the seasons. The episodes of most sitcoms like Family Ties Who's the Boss and Full House revolve around a central theme or contrived comic situations whereas many episodes of Seinfeld focused on minutiae such as waiting in line at the movies going out for dinner buying a suit and dealing with the petty injustices of life. The view presented in Seinfeld is arguably consistent with the philosophy of nihilism the idea that life is meaningless.2 Tom's Restaurant a diner at 112th Street and Broadway in Manhattan was used as the exterior image of Monk's Cafe in the show.

The main characters and many recurring characters were based on Seinfeld's and David's real-life acquaintances. Two prominent recurring characters were based on well-known people: Jacopo Peterman of the J. Peterman catalog (based on John Peterman) and George Steinbrenner the owner of the New York Yankees.

With every Seinfeld episode the structure is mainly the way the principal characters' storyline is set. A story thread is presented at the beginning of each episode which involves the characters in separate and seemingly unrelated situations. Rapid scene-shifts between storylines bring the stories together toward the end of the episode. Despite the separate plot strands the narratives reveal the creators' "consistent efforts to maintain the intimacy" between the small cast of characters.3

The show kept a strong sense of continuitycharacters and plots from past episodes were frequently referenced or expanded upon. Occasionally story arcs spanned multiple episodes and even entire seasons. For example Jerry's girlfriend appears in "The Stake Out" and he ends the relationship when things do not work out in "The Stock Tip". Other examples were Kramer getting his jacket back and Elaine heading the "Peterman catalog". Larry David the show's head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons was praised for keeping a close eye on minor details and making sure the main characters' lives remained consistent and believable. Curb Your EnthusiasmDavid's later comedy seriesfurther expanded on this idea by following a specific theme for all but one season in the series.

The most important difference between Seinfeld and other sitcoms prior to this is that the principal characters never learned their moral lessons throughout the seasons. In effect they were indifferent to the outside world and could be callous towards their guest characters and relatives indeed sometimes to each other; a mantra of the show's producers was: "No hugging no learning."4 This leads to very few happy endings except when they come at someone else's expense. More often in every episode situations resolved with characters getting a justly deserved "comeuppance." Main characters Jerry Seinfeld (Jerry Seinfeld) a "minor celebrity" stand-up comedian who is often portrayed as "the voice of reason" amidst all the insanity generated by the people in his world. The character is a slight germophobe and a neat freak as well as an avid Superman and breakfast cereal fan. Jerry's apartment is the center of a world visited by his eccentric friends George Elaine and Kramer.5 Plot lines often involve Jerry's romantic relationships. He typically finds small silly reasons to stop dating women; some of the reasons for the breakups include his dislike for a woman because she eats her peas one at a time a woman having over-sized "man hands" and a woman having an annoying laugh. George Costanza (Jason Alexander) George is Jerry's best friend. He is cheap dishonest petty and often envious of others' achievements. He is often portrayed as a loser who is insecure about his capabilities. He frequently complains and lies about his profession relationships and almost everything else which usually creates trouble for him later. He often uses an alias ("Art Vandelay") when lying or concocting a cover story. George was once succinctly described by Elaine as a "short stocky slow-witted bald man." Despite these shortcomings George managed to date numerous women and achieved a successful career as Assistant to the Traveling Secretary for the New York Yankees. During the run of the show he and Jerry work with NBC to produce a pilot episode of a TV show called Jerry. During this time he meets Susan Ross who works for NBC. George has an on-and-off relationship with her. She dies after licking toxic envelopes for their wedding invitations. He often pretends to be an architect and once pretended to be a marine biologist to impress a woman. Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) Elaine is Jerry's ex-girlfriend. She is intelligent and assertive but superficial. She sometimes has a tendency to be very honest with people which often gets her into trouble.6 She usually gets caught up in her boyfriends' habits her eccentric employers' unusual demands and the unkindness of total strangers. A recurring theme for Elaine is her frustrating inability to find Mr. Right. She regularly has arguments with almost anyone throughout the series. One of Elaine's trademark moves is her forceful shove while screaming "get out" when she receives good or shocking news. Another is her memorable dance moves "little kicks". Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards) Kramer is Jerry's "wacky neighbor". His trademarks include his humorous upright pompadour hairstyle vintage clothing and his energetic sliding bursts through Jerry's apartment door. At times he appears naive dense and almost childlike yet he randomly shows astonishing insight into human behavior. Indeed his oddities aside Kramer is often the only main character acting with any sort of apparent conscience and is typically the only one to lobby for maintaining social decorum in order to appease acquaintances. Although he never holds a steady job he often invents wacky schemes which usually work at first but then eventually fail. Among these are coffee table books about coffee tables (for which he appeared on Live with Regis and Kathie Lee) an entrepreneurial venture called Kramerica in which he and an intern proposed lining an oil tanker with a large rubber bladder and a brassiere for men called the "Bro" (or Manssiere suggested by Frank Costanza).7 Recurring characters Main article: List of Seinfeld minor characters

There are numerous recurring characters in Seinfeld. The most prominent are: Newman (portrayed by Wayne Knight) With his first name never mentioned throughout the series run Newman was mainly considered to be Jerry's nemesis. Newman is an overweight and despicable postal carrier though curiously well-educated and articulate who lives in Jerry and Kramer's building. At times he went out of his way to make Jerry's life miserable; he also frequently barged into Jerry's apartment uninvited usually with Kramer. Aside from the main four he is the most frequently recurring character: first appearing off-screen (voiced by Larry David and later by Knight for syndication purposes) in "The Revenge" he marked his first on-screen appearance in "The Suicide" and carried on until the series' finale Morty Seinfeld (originally portrayed by Phil Bruns replaced by Barney Martin) and Helen Seinfeld (portrayed by Liz Sheridan) Jerry's parents who live in Florida. Morty is a retired raincoat salesman the inventor of a beltless trenchcoat and famous for obstinately sticking to his convictions; Helen cannot understand why anyone would not like her son. They always feel that Jerry is not making enough money frequently belittle his comedy career and try to help him out financially by sending him "fifty dollars." These two characters are based on Jerry Seinfeld's real-life parents. Frank Costanza (originally portrayed by John Randolph replaced by Jerry Stiller) and Estelle Costanza (portrayed by Estelle Harris) George's eccentric parents who live in Queens. George usually blames them for his current mental state and failure to succeed in life. They are known for their violent tempers often leading to yelling and constant verbal fights. They make many appearances in seasons 49. John Randolph's scenes as Frank Costanza in the episode "The Handicap Spot" were reshot for syndication with Jerry Stiller in the role. Uncle Leo (portrayed by Len Lesser) Jerry's eccentric uncle. He keeps mentioning his son Jeffrey who works in the NYC Parks Department. He is often seen as saying "Hello" in his trademark style whenever he sees Jerry. He appears in several episodes from season 2 to 9. Susan Ross (played by Heidi Swedberg) George's fiance and a former NBC executive. She first appeared in season 4 as an NBC executive overseeing Jerry and George's pilot. She and George dated for a while until she broke up with him because he got her fired. She returned in season 7 when she and George get engaged. In the last episode of this season she dies as a result of licking toxic envelopes while making invitations to her and George's wedding. She is the most frequent recurring female character in seasons 4 and 7 and has a brief appearance again in a flashback sequence in the season 9 episode titled "The Betrayal". George Steinbrenner (voiced by Larry David portrayed by Lee Bear who is only seen from behind or in silhouette) George's boss and owner of the New York Yankees. Steinbrenner's face is never shown on the show. He is parodied for his arrogance and lack of touch with the realities of running of a baseball team. A recurring gag is for him to call George into his office then proceed to ramble on about inane topics as George slowly walks out the door. He frequently appears from the finale of season 5 to season 9. The real Steinbrenner made an appearance in an episode "The Invitations" but the scene was edited out when it was aired on television. Jacopo Peterman (played by John O'Hurley) one of Elaine's eccentric bosses. Peterman owns The J. Peterman Company and Elaine works on the catalog published by the company. Using the florid style of a treasure-hunting adventurer he typically announces his journeys to exotic locations in search of unique clothing. In the beginning of Season 8 he walks out on the company and escapes to Burma appointing Elaine as the president of the company. He eventually returns later in the same season. He makes frequent appearances from the finale of season 6 through season 9. Kenny Bania (played by Steven Hytner) Jerry's fellow stand-up comedian. Jerry considers Bania a "hack" and is usually annoyed by his attempts at humor. Bania is also shown to have a rather obsessive fondness for soup and Ovaltine which he likes to frequently include in his stand-up routine. He appears in six episodes from seasons 6 to 9. David Puddy (played by Patrick Warburton) Elaine's on-again off-again boyfriend. He is a competent auto mechanic but also an airhead with numerous quirks most notably his squinting staring and insatiable appetite for high fives. He is known for his curt unapologetic delivery and unflinching assuredness. His trademark catch phrase is "Yeah that's right." He appears in two episodes near the end of season 6 and in eight episodes of season 9. Jackie Chiles (played by Phil Morris) Kramer's lawyer. He has a secretary named Suzy and sets up appointments for his clients with an unseen "Dr. Bison." He also speaks with a rapid-fire delivery and tends to overuse adjectives like 'preposterous' and 'outrageous'. Chiles is a caricature of Johnnie Cochran. He appears in five episodes between seasons 7 to 9. Notable guest appearances Main article: List of Seinfeld minor characters#Guest appearances In addition to its regularly recurring characters Seinfeld featured numerous celebrities who appeared as themselves or as girlfriends boyfriends bosses and other acquaintances. Many of those who made guest appearances became household names later in their careers or were comedians and actors who were well known for previous work. Characteristics Theme Seinfeld broke several conventions of mainstream television. The show often described as being about "nothing"8910 became the first television series since Monty Python's Flying Circus to be widely described as postmodern.11 Several elements of Seinfeld fit in with a postmodern interpretation. The show is typically driven by humor interspersed with superficial conflict and characters with strange dispositions. Many episodes revolved around the characters becoming involved in the lives of others to typically disastrous results. On the set the notion that the characters should not develop or improve throughout the series was expressed as the "no hugging no learning" rule. Unlike most sitcoms there are no moments of pathos; the audience is never made to feel sorry for any of the characters. Even Susan's death in the series elicits no genuine emotions from anyone in the show. The characters were "thirty-something singles with no roots vague identities and conscious indifference to morals."12 Usual conventions such as isolating the characters from the actors playing them and separating the characters' world from that of the actors and audience were broken. One such example is the story arc in which the characters promote a television sitcom series named Jerry. The show within the show Jerry was much like Seinfeld in that it was "about nothing" and Seinfeld played himself. Jerry was launched in the Season 4 finale but unlike Seinfeld it was not picked up as a series. Plotlines Many Seinfeld episodes are based on its writers' real-life experiences. For example "The Revenge" is based on Larry David's experience at Saturday Night Live.13 "The Contest" and "The Phone Message" are also based on David's experiences.14 "The Smelly Car" is based on Peter Mehlman's lawyer friend who could not get a bad smell out of his car. "The Strike" is based on Dan O'Keefe's dad who made up his own holidayFestivus.15 Other stories take on a variety of different turns. "The Chinese Restaurant" consists of the main characters (excluding Kramer) simply waiting for a table throughout the entire episode. "The Boyfriend" revolving around Keith Hernandez extends through two episodes.16 "The Betrayal" is famous for using reverse chronology and was inspired by a similar plot device in a Harold Pinter play.17 Some stories were inspired by headlines and rumors which are explained in the DVD features "Notes About Nothing" "Inside Look" and "Audio Commentary." In "The Maestro" Kramer's lawsuit is roughly similar to the McDonald's coffee case.18 "The Outing" is based mainly on rumors that Larry Charles heard about Jerry Seinfeld's sexuality.19 Catchphrases Many terms coined popularized or repopularized during the series' run have become part of popular culture.2021 Notable catchphrases include "Yada yada yada" "shrinkage" "hellooooo" "These pretzels are making me thirsty" "master of your domain" "Anti-dentite" "Double dip" "No soup for you!" and "Not that there's anything wrong with that". Other popular terms that also made the transition into slang were created by directed at or about secondary characters including: "Festivus" "spongeworthy" "re-gifter" "man hands" "close-talker" "mimbo" "low-talker" and "high-talker". As a body the lexicon of Seinfeldian code words and recurring phrases that evolved around particular episodes is referred to as Seinlanguage the title of Jerry Seinfeld's best-selling book on humor.11 Progression Main article: List of Seinfeld episodes Seasons 13 The show premiered as The Seinfeld Chronicles on July 5 1989. After it aired a pickup by NBC did not seem likely and the show was actually offered to Fox which declined to pick it up. However Rick Ludwin head of late night and special events for NBC diverted money from his budget and the next four episodes were filmed.22 These episodes were highly rated as they followed Cheers on Thursdays at 9:30 p.m. and the series was finally picked up. At one point NBC considered airing these episodes on Saturdays at 10:30PM but instead gave that slot to a short-lived sitcom FM. The series was renamed Seinfeld after the failure of short-lived 1989 ABC series The Marshall Chronicles.23 For the first three seasons Jerry's stand-up comedy act would bookend an episode for a while even functioning as cut scenes during the show. After airing in the summer of 1990 the series' second season was bumped off its scheduled premiere of January 16 1991 due to the start of the Persian Gulf war. It settled in a regular time slot on Wednesdays at 9:30PM and eventually flipped with veteran series Night Court to 9:00PM.24 Seinfeld was championed by television critics in its early seasons even as it was yet to cultivate a substantial audience. Early episodes such as "The Chinese Restaurant" "The Pony Remark" "The Parking Garage" and "The Subway" tended to be more realistic than the later ones and dealt with the minutiae of daily life such as getting stuck on the subway or waiting to be seated at a Chinese restaurant. An episode in Season 2 titled "The Bet" written by Larry Charles showed Elaine buying a gun from Kramer's friend. This episode was however not filmed because the content was deemed unacceptable and was hastily replaced by the episode "The Phone Message".25 An episode "The Stranded" which was aired in Season 3 was originally intended to air in Season 2. In the beginning of this episode Jerry clears up the continuity error over George's real estate job.26 Seasons 45 Season 4 marked the sitcom's entry into the Nielsen ratings Top 30 coinciding with several popular episodes such as "The Bubble Boy" "The Outing" "The Airport" and "The Junior Mint". This was the first season to use a story arc in which Jerry and George try to create their own sitcom Jerry. Also at this time Jerry's stand-up act slowly declined with the middle stand-up segment no longer part of the episodes that preceded it. Much publicity followed the controversial episode "The Contest" an Emmy Award-winning episode written by co-creator Larry David whose subject matter was considered inappropriate for primetime network television. To circumvent this taboo the word "masturbation" was never used in the script itself instead substituted by a variety of oblique references. Midway through that season Seinfeld was moved from its original 9:00 P.M. time slot on Wednesdays to 9:30 P.M. on Thursdays following Cheers again which gave the show even more popularity. The move was also sparked by ratings as Tim Allen's megahit sitcom Home Improvement on ABC had aired at the same time and Improvement kept beating Seinfeld in the ratings. NBC moved the series after Ted Danson had announced the end of Cheers and Seinfeld quickly surpassed the ratings of the 9:00 P.M. Cheers reruns that spring.27 The show won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993 beating out its family-oriented and time-slot competitor Home Improvement which was only in its second season on fellow network ABC. Season 5 was an even bigger ratings-hit as it consisted of many popular episodes such as "The Mango" "The Puffy Shirt" "The Lip Reader" with Marlee Matlin in the title role "The Marine Biologist" "The Hamptons" and "The Opposite". Another story arc has George returning to live with his parents. In the midst of the story arc Kramer creates and promotes his coffee table book. The show was again nominated for Outstanding Comedy Series but lost to the Cheers spin-off Frasier which was only in its first season. Seinfeld was nominated for the same award every year for the rest of its run but always lost to Frasier which went on to win a record 39 Emmy Awards. Seasons 67 With Season 6 Andy Ackerman replaced Tom Cherones as the director of the show. The series remained well-regarded and produced some of its most famous episodes such as "The Fusilli Jerry" "The Chinese Woman" "The Jimmy" "The Face Painter" and "The Switch" when Kramer's mother revealed that his first name is Cosmo. Story arcs used in this season were Elaine working as a personal assistant to her eccentric boss Justin Pitt as well as George's parents' temporary separation. This was also the first season in which Seinfeld reached Number 1 in the Nielsen Ratings. Jerry's stand-up act further declined with the end stand-up segment no longer in use as the storylines for all four characters got more dense. In Season 7 a story arc involved George getting engaged to his former girlfriend Susan Ross whose last appearance was in Season 4. He spends most of the season regretting the engagement and trying to get out of it. Garnering its highest ratings yet Seinfeld went on to produce some of its most famous episodesnamely "The Soup Nazi" "The Secret Code" "The Maestro" and "The Rye" among others. Following the anthrax scare of 2001 the episode "The Invitations" was temporarily not shown in syndication due to the concern that it might seem objectionable and insensitive to portray Susan's death due to licking toxic envelopes.28 Seasons 89 The show's ratings were still going very strong in its final two seasons (8 and 9) but its critical standing suffered.29 Larry David left at the end of Season 7 (although he would continue to voice Steinbrenner) so Seinfeld assumed David's duties as showrunner and under the direction of a new writing staff Seinfeld became more of a fast-paced show. The show no longer contained extracts of Jerry performing stand-up comedy and storylines occasionally delved into fantasy slapstick humor. An example being "The Bizarro Jerry" when Elaine is torn between exact opposites of her friends or when Jerry dates a woman who has the now-famed "man hands." Some notable episodes from season 8 include "The Little Kicks" showing Elaine's horrible dancing "The Yada Yada" "The Chicken Roaster" and "The Comeback". A story arc in this season involves Peterman's trip to Burma and Elaine writing Peterman's biography which leads to Kramer's parody of Kenny Kramer's Reality Tour seen in "The Muffin Tops". Season 9 included episodes such as "The Merv Griffin Show" "The Butter Shave" "The Betrayal" (scenes shown in reverse order chronologically) and "The Frogger" where George pushes a Frogger machine across the street. The last season included a story arc in which Elaine has an on/off relationship with David Puddy. Despite the enormous popularity and willingness from the rest of the cast to return for a tenth season Seinfeld decided he should end the show after its ninth season in an effort to maintain quality and "go out on top". A major controversy caused in this final season was the accidental burning of a Puerto Rican flag by Kramer in "The Puerto Rican Day". This scene caused a furor amongst Puerto Ricans and as a result NBC showed this episode only once.30 Series finale Main article: The Finale (Seinfeld) After nine years on the air NBC and Jerry Seinfeld announced on December 25 1997 that the series would end production the following spring in 1998. The announcement made the front page of all the major New York newspapers including the New York Times. Jerry Seinfeld was even featured on the cover of Time magazine's first issue of 1998.31 The series ended with a 75-minute episode (cut down to 60 minutes in syndication in two parts) written by co-creator and former executive producer Larry David which aired on May 14 1998. Before the finale a 45-minute retrospective clip show "The Chronicle" was aired. The retrospective was expanded to sixty minutes after its original airing and aired once more on NBC as an hour-long episode which has since aired in syndication. It was also the first episode since the finale of Season 7 "The Invitations" to feature opening and closing stand-up comedy acts by Jerry Seinfeld. The finale was filmed in front of an audience of NBC executives and additional friends of the show. The press and the public were shut out of the shoot for the sake of keeping its plot secret and all those who attended the shoot of the final episode signed written "vows of silence."32 The secrecy only seemed to increase speculation on how the series would end. The producers of the show tweaked the media about the hype spreading a false rumor about Newman ending up in the hospital and Jerry and Elaine sitting in a chapel presumably to marry.33 The episode enjoyed a huge audience estimated at 76 million viewers (58 percent of all viewers that night) making it the third most watched finale in television history behind M*A*S*H and Cheers. However the finale received mixed reviews from both critics and fans of the show. The actual finale poked fun at the many rumors that were circulating seeming to move into several supposed plots before settling on its true storylinea lengthy trial in which Jerry George Elaine and Kramer are prosecuted for violating a "Good Samaritan law" and are sentenced to jail. The last conversation in this final episode repeats the very first conversation from the pilot episode discussing the positioning of a button on George's shirt. In the finale the characters vaguely recall having the conversation before. According to Forbes magazine Jerry Seinfeld's annual earning from the show in 2004 was $267 million.34 He was reportedly offered $5 million per episode to continue the show into a tenth season but he refused.35 As of July 2007 he is still the second highest earner in the television industry earning $60 million a year.36 The show itself became the first television series to command more than $1 million a minute for advertisinga mark previously attained only by the Super Bowl.37 According to Barry Meyer chairman of Warner Bros. Entertainment Seinfeld has made $2.7 billion through June 2010.38 Awards and nominations Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Seinfeld Seinfeld has received awards and nominations in various categories throughout the mid-90s. Several magazines and publications have listed it as the greatest television series of all time.394041 It was awarded the Emmy for "Outstanding Comedy Series" in 1993 Golden Globe Award for "Best TV-Series (Comedy)" in 1994 and Screen Actors Guild Award for "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series" in 1995 1997 and 1998.42434445 Apart from these the show was also nominated for an Emmy award from 1992 to 1998 for "Outstanding Comedy series" Golden Globe award from 1994 to 1998 for "Best TV-Series (Comedy)" and Screen Actors Guild Award for "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series" from 1995 to 1998.46 Ratings history Season Timeslot Season premiere Season finale TV season Season rank Viewers (in millions) 1 Wednesday 9:00 PM July 5 1989 June 21 1990 19891990 n/a 2 January 23 1991 June 26 1991 19901991 n/a 3 September 18 1991 May 6 1992 19911992 #42 12.31 4 Wednesday 9:00 PM Thursday 9:30 PM August 12 1992 May 20 1993 19921993 #25 12.7547 5 Thursday 9:00 PM September 16 1993 May 19 1994 19931994 #3 18.2748 6 September 22 1994 May 18 1995 19941995 #1 19.6549 7 September 21 1995 May 16 1996 19951996 #2 20.3350 8 September 19 1996 May 15 1997 19961997 #2 19.8951 9 September 25 1997 May 14 1998 19971998 #1 21.27 52 After Seinfeld The Seinfeld curse Louis-Dreyfus Alexander and Richards have each attempted to launch new sitcoms as title-role characters. Despite decent acclaim and even some respectable ratings almost every show was canceled quickly usually within the first season. This gave rise to the term Seinfeld curse: the failure of a sitcom starring one of the three despite the conventional wisdom that each person's Seinfeld popularity should almost guarantee a strong built-in audience for the actor's new show. Shows specifically cited regarding the Seinfeld curse are Julia Louis-Dreyfus' Watching Ellie Jason Alexander's Bob Patterson and Listen Up! and Michael Richards' The Michael Richards Show. Larry David once said of the curse "It's so completely idiotic... It's very hard to have a successful sitcom."53 This phenomenon was mentioned throughout the second season of Larry David's HBO program Curb Your Enthusiasm. A story arc centers around Larry David trying to convince Jason Alexander to do a show about his inability to shake the 'George' title and move forward with his career. When Larry and Jason feud over the location of meetings Larry David takes the idea to Julia Louis-Dreyfus. They plan to work on a show called Aren't You Evelyn (or I'm Not Evelyn!) but Larry blows their chances with every network they meet causing Julia to drop the idea.54 However the Emmy award-winning success of Julia Louis-Dreyfus in the CBS sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine led many to believe that she had broken the curse.55 In her acceptance speech Louis-Dreyfus held up her award and exclaimed "I'm not somebody who really believes in curses but curse this baby!"56 The show was on the air for five seasons before its cancellation on May 18 2010.57 The Saturday Night Live episode guest-hosted by Louis-Dreyfus on May 13 2006 made several references to the curse. Another scene On the November 1 2007 episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Jerry Seinfeld mentioned the possibility of shooting one last scene after they leave prison. He mentioned he is far too busy to do it now but did not announce what the scene would entail as it is still a possibility they will do it.58 In commentary from the final season DVD Jerry Seinfeld outlines that he and Jason Alexander spoke about this scene being in Monk's Cafe with George saying That was brutal in reference to the four's stint in jail.59 Curb Your Enthusiasm 2009 Reunion Main articles: Curb Your Enthusiasm Season 7 and Seinfeld (Curb Your Enthusiasm) Early in March 2009 it was announced that the Seinfeld cast would reunite for the seventh season of Curb Your Enthusiasm.60 The entire cast first appeared in the third episode of the season all playing themselves. The season-long story is that Larry David tries to initiate a Seinfeld reunion show as a ploy to get his ex-wife Cheryl back. Along with the four main characters some of Seinfeld's supporting actors such as Wayne Knight Estelle Harris and Steve Hytner also appeared in the ninth episode at a table read for the reunion show. Though much of the dialogue in Curb Your Enthusiasm is improvised the plot was scripted and the Seinfeld special that aired within the show was scripted and directed by Seinfeld regular Andy Ackerman making this the first time since Seinfeld went off the air that the central cast appeared together in a scripted show. Consumer products A recurring feature of Seinfeld was its use of specific products especially candy as plot points. These might be a central feature of a plot (e.g. Junior Mints Twix Jujyfruits Snickers Nestl Chunky Oh Henry! and Pez) or an association of a candy with a guest character (e.g. Oh Henry! bars) or simply a conversational aside (e.g. Chuckles Clark Bar Twinkies). Non-candy products featured in Seinfeld include Rold Gold pretzels (whose advertisements at the time featured Jason Alexander) Kenny Rogers Roasters (a chicken restaurant chain) Oreo Cookies Ben & Jerry's H&H Bagels Baskin Robbins Dockers bite size Three Musketeers Drake's Coffee Cakes Ring Dings Pepsi Mello Yello Snapple Clearly Canadian Bosco Chocolate Syrup Cadillac Saab Ford Escort Tyler Chicken (a parody of Tyson Chicken) Specialized Bicycles Nike BMW Volvo Toyota Tupperware Calvin Klein Klein Bicycles Ovaltine Yoo-hoo Arby's TV Guide Trump Tower Glide Floss Gore-Tex Entenmann's J. Peterman clothing catalog and the board games Risk Boggle Trivial Pursuit Scrabble and Battleship. The computers shown in Jerry's apartment are Apple Macintosh and several different models were shown although Jerry is only seen using his computer once during the entire show. Also seen throughout the show's run were many different brands of cereal e.g. Cheerios. A notable exception to this pattern is the use of a fictional scotch brand called "Hennigan's" (a portmanteau of "Hennessy" and "Brannigans"). One product placement for Snapple was inserted as a parody of product placement; when offered some by Elaine in the middle of a conversation the character Babu Bhatt's (owner of a Pakistani restaurant named as "Dream Cafe") brother declines calling the drink "too fruity." The show's creators claim that they were not engaging in a product placement strategy for commercial gain. One of the motivations for the use of real-world products quite unrelated to commercial considerations is the comedy value of funny-sounding phrases and words. "I knew I wanted Kramer to think of watching the operation like going to see a movie" explained Seinfeld writer/producer Andy Robin in an interview published in the Hollywood Reporter. "At first I thought maybe a piece of popcorn falls into the patient. I ran that by my brother and he said 'No Junior Mints are just funnier.'"61 Many advertisers capitalized on the popularity of Seinfeld. American Express created a webisode in which Jerry Seinfeld and an animated Superman (voiced by Patrick Warburton who played the role of David Puddy) starred in its commercial. The makers of the Today Sponge created the "Spongeworthy" game on their website inspired by the episode "The Sponge". Another advertisement featured Jason Alexander in a Chrysler commercial. In this Alexander behaves much like his character George and his relationship with Lee Iacocca plays on his George's relationship with Steinbrenner. Similarly Michael Richards was the focus of a series of advertisements for Vodafone which ran in Australia where he dressed and behaved exactly like Kramer including the trademark bumbling pratfalls. Seinfeld in HD There are two high-definition versions of Seinfeld. The first is that of the network television (unsyndicated) versions in the original aspect ratio of 4:3 that were downscaled for the DVD releases.62 Syndicated broadcast stations and the cable network TBS have begun airing the syndicated version of Seinfeld in HD. Unlike the version used for the DVD Sony Pictures cropped out the top and bottom parts of the frame while restoring previously cropped images on the sides from the 35 mm film source to use the entire 16:9 frame. The TBS airings were edited to reduce running time (presumably for more advertising space) cutting out certain lines even rearranging the stand-up scenes position in the episodes as well as showing the credits during the last scene as opposed to after the end of the episode.63 Amazon.com lists season 1 of Seinfeld in Blu-ray though no release date has been announced.64 Media DVD releases Main article: List of Seinfeld DVD releases Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released all 9 seasons of Seinfeld on DVD in Regions 1 2 and 4 between 2004 and 2007.65 On November 6 2007 Seinfeld: The Complete Series was released on DVD. The final season and the complete series set included a 2007 reunion of the four main cast members and Larry David. Music A signature of Seinfeld is its theme music. Composed by Jonathan Wolff it consists of distinct solo sampled bass synthesizer riffs which open the show and connect the scenes often accompanied by a "percussion track" composed of mouth noises such as pops and clicks. The bass synthesizer music eventually replaced the original standard sitcom music by Jep Epstein when it was played again after the first broadcast "The Seinfeld Chronicles". Seinfeld lacked a traditional title track and the riffs were played over the first moments of dialogue or action. They vary throughout each episode and are played in an improvised funk style with bass synthesizer. An additional musical theme with an ensemble led by a synthesized mid-range brass instrument ends each episode. In "The Note" the first episode of Season Three the bumper music featured a scatting female jazz vocalist who sang a phrase that sounded like "easy to beat." Jerry Seinfeld and executive producer Larry David both liked Wolff's additions and three episodes were produced with the new style music. However they had neglected to inform NBC and Castle Rock of the change and when the season premiere aired they were surprised and unimpressed and requested that they return to the original style. The subsequent two episodes were redone leaving this episode as the only one with the additional music elements.66 In the commentary of "The Note" Julia Louis-Dreyfus facetiously suggests it was removed because the perceived lyric related too closely to the low ratings at the time.67 In the final three seasons (7 8 and 9) the bits were tweaked slightly to give them more frenetic rhythms and the occasional hint of guitar. Throughout the show the main theme could be re-styled in different ways depending on the episode. For instance in "The Betrayal" in which part of the episode takes place in India the theme is heard played on a sitar. Non-original music featured in the show: Song Artist Episode Notes "Master of the House" from Les Misrables Robert Hossein Claude-Michel Schnberg and Alain Boublil "The Jacket" The chorus is sung repeatedly by George throughout the episode and is eventually sung by Alton Benes in the closing credits scene. "How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria" from The Sound of Music Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein "The Phone Message" George suggests that they use the song as an emergency signal. "Lemon Tree" Will Holt "The Phone Message" Jerry's suggestion. "Good Morning" from Babes in Arms Arthur Freed and Nacio Herb Brown "The Apartment" Elaine sings it to show her happiness over getting the apartment. "Joltin' Joe DiMaggio" Les Brown "The Note" The episode ends with this song. Sonata No. 21 Op. 53 ("Waldstein") Ludwig van Beethoven "The Pez Dispenser" George sings a few measures to let Jerry know what Noel played for him. Sonata No. 8 Op. 13 ("Pathtique") Ludwig van Beethoven "The Pez Dispenser" Elaine laughs during Noel's performance of the music. "If I Were A Rich Man" from Fiddler on the Roof Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick "The Limo" George whistles the tune once in the episode in front of some neo-Nazis. "Side by Side" Gus Kahn and Harry M. Woods "The Watch" Elaine and Joe Davola sing an impromptu duet outside Dr. Reston's office. "This is It" (Bugs Bunny theme) Mack David and Jerry Livingston "The Opera" Jerry sings and dances ("Overture curtain lights/This is it we'll hit the heights...") when Elaine mentions the Pagliacci overture. "Vesti la giubba" from Pagliacci Ruggero Leoncavallo "The Opera" and "The Keys" It plays close to the opera. "Parla Pi Piano" (The Godfather theme) Nino Rota "The Bris" The episode ends with this theme. Selected music from The Barber of Seville Gioachino Rossini "The Barber" The music replaces Seinfeld main bass synthesizer music. "War" Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong "The Marine Biologist" Jerry connects the song to Tolstoy and Elaine sings "Absoutely nothing" in the limo with Lippman and Testikov "Wouldn't It Be Nice" The Beach Boys "The Hamptons" Cover version performed by another band "It's a Most Unusual Day" Harold Adamson and Jimmy McHugh "The Chaperone" At the end of the episode Miss Rhode Island sings the song in the talent portion of the Miss America Pageant. "Entrance of the Gladiators" Julius Fuk "The Gymnast" This is the circus music being played backstage when Jerry and Katya are visiting Misha. "Everybody's Talkin'" Harry Nilsson "The Mom & Pop Store" George sings this song after buying a car supposedly owned by Jon Voight. Also featured at the end of the episode when Kramer and Jerry ride to New Jersey to find Jerry's shoes. The scene is a reference to the film Midnight Cowboy which featured the song (and co-starred Voight). Superman theme John Williams "The Race" and "The Clip Show" Played when Jerry wins the race and during past reflection of Seinfeld episodes. "When You're Smiling" Shay Fisher and Goodwin "The Jimmy" Mel Torm sings the song to Kramer at a benefit for the Able Mentally Challenged Adults. "Wind Beneath My Wings" Bette Midler "The Understudy" We hear the soundtrack as Jerry and Gennice watch Beaches. "Final Frontier" (theme from Mad About You) Paul Reiser and Don Was "The Engagement" George and Susan are watching Mad About You in bed. Symphony No. 7 Op. 92 (4th mvmt.) Ludwig van Beethoven "The Maestro" The Maestro is listening in his car and conducting along as he drives up. "La donna mobile" from Rigoletto Giuseppe Verdi "The Maestro" Elaine sings it as she gets into the Maestro's car. "Funicul Funicul" Luigi Denza "The Maestro" Plays in the scene where Elaine jumps into the Maestro's car and he begins conducting. "O Mio Babbino Caro" from Gianni Schicchi Giacomo Puccini "The Maestro" Elaine and the Maestro are listening to it as Jerry and Kramer arrive at the villa in Tuscany. Piano Concerto No. 1 Op. 23 (1st mvmt.) Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky "The Doll" When it comes on the Maestro suspends his pool game with Frank and Kramer to conduct along. Overture to The Marriage of Figaro Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "The Doll" The Maestro begins to conduct the opening piece of his concert and finds his baton is broken. "Downtown" Petula Clark "The Bottle Deposit" George looks for clues about his work assignment when Wilhelm mentions the song to him. "Morning Train (9 to 5)" Sheena Easton "The Bizarro Jerry" and "The Butter Shave" Kramer and George in separate episodes have brief stints in going to work. "Shining Star" Earth Wind & Fire "The Little Kicks" and "The Bookstore" Elaine does the infamous dry heave dance to this song. "Adagio for Strings" Samuel Barber "The Fatigues" Frank Costanza has a flashback of his days as a cook in the Korean War. This scene (and its music) is a reference to Platoon. "Desperado" and "Witchy Woman" Eagles "The Checks" Elaine's boyfriend gets obsessed with "Desperado" while Elaine tries to offer "Witchy Woman" as "their" song (a doctor later "zones out" to the latter). Theme from The Greatest American Hero Joey Scarbury "The Susie" George's answering machine was to this tune but with different words. "Three Times a Lady" The Commodores "The Pothole" Newman sings this song just before his mail truck catches fire at the end of the episode. "Meet the Mets" Ruth Roberts and Bill Katz "The Millennium" George sings this song after learning that the New York Mets would like to hire him provided he gets himself fired from the Yankees. "Hello" Lionel Richie "The Voice" "The Engagement" and "The Invitations" The song shows a reflection of their life. "Maana (Is Soon Enough For Me)" Jackie Davis "The Blood" Kramer and Newman listen to a recording of it while making sausages. "Slow Ride" Foghat "The Slicer" Elaine tunes into her bedside radio and offers up a few characteristic dance moves. "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" Iron Butterfly "The Slicer" Elaine makes an attempt to phone the locksmith. "Mexican Radio" Wall of Voodoo "The Reverse Peephole" Kramer sings this as he is reversing his peephole. It is also featured at the end of the episode after the credits. "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)" Green Day "The Chronicle" Behind the scenes throughout the series. "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" Michael Jackson "The Chronicle" Clips of the gang dancing in the series. See also Must See TV References Cosgrove-Mather Bootie (2002-04-26). "TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows". CBS News. Associated Press. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/04/26/entertainment/main507388.shtml. Retrieved 2007-11-15.  Huston John (1999-12-03). "Seinfeld and nihilism". The Observer. http://www.nd.edu/observer/12031999/News/5.html. Retrieved 2007-12-12.  Gantz Katherine. "Not That There's Anything Wrong with That": Reading the Queer in Seinfeld. In Calvin Thomas (Ed.). Straight with a Twist: Queer Theory and the Subject of Heterosexuality. Champaign. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06813-0 "About Seinfeld". TV1. http://www.tv1.com.au/Shows/Seinfeld/About/. Retrieved 2008-01-22.  "Seinfeld Cast and characters Jerry". Sony pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/about/slcastandcharacters&tabjerry&typechar. Retrieved 2007-12-11.  "Seinfeld Cast and characters Elaine". Sony pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/about/slcastandcharacters&tabelaine&typechar. Retrieved 2007-12-11.  "Seinfeld Cast and characters Kramer". Sony pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/about/slcastandcharacters&tabkramer&typechar. Retrieved 2007-12-11.  Miller Patrick D. (July 1998). "Editorial: Good-bye Seinfeld". Theology Today. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/miqa3664/is199807/ain8791306. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  Erickson Hal. "Seinfeld: Overview". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/work/276165. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  "Seinfeld". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/guide/articles/s/seinfeld7775675.shtml. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  a b Grenz Stanley J. (February 1996). A Primer on Postmodernism. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. ISBN 0-8028-0864-6.  Hurd R. Wesley (June 1998). "Postmodernism: A New Model of Reality". McKenzie Study Center. http://www.mckenziestudycenter.org/philosophy/articles/postmod.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.  "Seinfacts: The Revenge". Sony Pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep212. Retrieved 2008-12-30.  Curb Your Enthusiasm: The Complete Second Season "The Strike". Sony Pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep910. Retrieved 2009-01-08.  "The Boyfriend". Sony Pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep315. Retrieved 2009-01-08.  "The Betrayal". Sony Pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep908. Retrieved 2009-01-08.  "The Maestro". Sony Pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep703. Retrieved 2009-01-08.  "The Outing". Sony Pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep416. Retrieved 2009-01-08.  Caryn James (1998-05-12). "Goodbye! Already". New York Times. Archived from the original on 2008-01-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20080123105924/http://www.nytimes.com/specials/seinfeld/sein5-11parting.html. Retrieved 2007-12-22.  "Seinfeld influence". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/02633461558100.html. Retrieved 2007-12-22.  Boudreaux Jonathan (2004-11-24). "Seinfeld: Season 1 & 2 DVD Review". tvdvdreviews.com. http://www.tvdvdreviews.com/seinfeld1.html. Retrieved 2008-04-22.  Kevin V. Johnson (May 14 1998). "Chronicles Got Everything Started". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/enter/tv/let112.html.  Carter Bill (May 5 1998). "Seinfeld Says It's All Over And It's No Joke for NBC". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/26/us/seinfeld-says-it-s-all-over-and-it-s-no-joke-for-nbc.html.  "Seinfeld-Now playing- The phone message". Sony pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep207. Retrieved 2008-10-27.  "Seinfeld - NOW PLAYING". Sonypictures.com. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep209. Retrieved 2010-08-22.  Cerone Daniel (March 4 1993). "Seinfeld Is Suddenly Something". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60203201.htmldids60203201:60203201&FMTABS&FMTSABS:FT&typecurrent&dateMar+4%2C+1993&authorDANIEL+CERONE&pubLos+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&edition&startpage1&desc%60Seinfeld%27+Is+Suddenly+Something+Sitcom+That%27s+%60About+Nothing%27+Finding+More+Fans+in+New+Time+Slot.  "Seinfeld- Now playing: The Invitations". Sony pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep724. Retrieved 2008-10-25.  Handy Bruce (January 12 1998). "It's All About Timing". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0917198764800.html. Retrieved 2008-03-26.  "Seinfeld-Now playing: The Puerto Rican Day". Sony pictures. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/episodeguide/slepisode&ep920. Retrieved 2008-10-25.  "TIME Magazine Cover: Jerry Seinfeld". Time. 1998-01-12. http://www.time.com/time/covers/016641110198011200.html. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  "The 'Seinfeld' e-mail for April 8 1998". CNN.com. 1998-04-08. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9804/08/seinfeld.email/. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  Ryan Joal (1998-03-27). "Clues to "Seinfeld" Sign Off". E! News. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b36158cluesseinfeldsignoff.html. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  "Forbes list". http://www.forbes.com/lists/home.jhtmlpassListId53&passYear1999&passListTypePerson. Retrieved 2007-12-18.  Staff (1997-12-26). "Seinfeld calls decision to end show "all about timing"". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9712/26/seinfeld/. Retrieved 2007-12-18.  "Oprah and Seinfeld top TV's richest". http://www.upi.com/EntertainmentNews/2007/10/01/Oprah-Seinfeld-top-TVs-richest/UPI-91401191240657/. Retrieved 2007-12-18.  "Seinfeld and advertising". http://www.businessweek.com/1997/22/b35291.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-22.  Pilkington Ed (7 June 2010). "TV show Seinfeld earn $2.7bn from reruns". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2010/jun/07/jerry-seinfeld-rerun-repeat-fees. Retrieved 7 June 2010.  "Seinfeld - Show Description". Sonypictures.com. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/seinfeld/about/. Retrieved 2010-10-18.  Font size Print E-mail Share By Bootie Cosgrove-Mather (2002-04-26). "TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/04/26/entertainment/main507388.shtml. Retrieved 2010-10-18.  "Seinfeld Is The Greatest Show Ever Period. - IGN Boards". Boards.ign.com. http://boards.ign.com/tehvestibule/b5296/178989529/r178990484/. Retrieved 2010-10-18.  Emmy Awards official site "Seinfeld" "1993" emmys.org. Retrieved on May 8 2008 1st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards Official Site "Seinfeld" sagawards.org'. Retrieved on March 14 2008 3rd Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards Official Site "Seinfeld" sagawards.org'. Retrieved on March 14 2008 Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards Official Site "Seinfeld" sagawards.org'. Retrieved on March 14 2008 Emmy Awards official site search "Seinfeld" and years "1992 to 1998" emmys.org. Retrieved on May 8 2008 "TV Ratings: 19921993". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1992.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  "TV Ratings: 19931994". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1993.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  "TV Ratings: 19941995". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1994.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  "TV Ratings: 19951996". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1995.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  "TV Ratings: 19961997". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1996.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  "TV Ratings: 19971998". ClassicTVHits.com. http://www.classictvhits.com/tvratings/1997.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-09.  Baerg Greg (2002-03-05). "'Curb's' Larry David: 'Seinfeld' Curse 'Idiotic'". Zap2it. http://www.gregbaerg.com/articles/David.html. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  "Thor". David Larry. Curb Your Enthusiasm. 2001-09-30. No. 2 season 2. Susman Gary (21-03-2006) "Has Julia Louis Dreyfus broken the 'Seinfeld' curse" Entertainment Weekly Retrieved on 29-08-2008 Hall Sarah (2006-08-27). "Emmys Clock into "24" "Office"". E! News. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b53166EmmysClockintoquot24quotquotOfficequot.html. Retrieved 2007-05-17.  Hibberd James (May 18 2010). "CBS cancels seven shows including 'Ghost' 'Case'". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/blogs/live-feed/cbs-cancels-shows-including-ghost-53669.  "Episode dated 1 November 2007". Axler Rachel; Bleyer Kevin; Blomquist Richard; Bodow Steve; Carvell Tim; Havlan J.R.; Scott Jacobson Scott; Javerbaum David; Karlin Ben; Kutner Rob; Lieb Josh; Means Sam; Reich Jason; Ross Jason; Stewart Jon. The Daily Show. Comedy Central. 2007-11-01. Seinfeld Season 9: Notes about Nothing "The Finale". DVD. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. 2007-11-06.  Rice Lynette (2009-03-05). "Exclusive: 'Seinfeld' cast to appear on 'Curb Your Enthusiasm'". EW.com. http://insidetv.ew.com/2009/03/05/seinfeld-cast-t/. Retrieved 2009-03-05.  Staff (2005-04-28). "A look at some of the biggest hits in movie and TV product placement". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 11 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011140335rn2/www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/search/articledisplay.jspvnucontentid1000901395. Retrieved 2007-11-10.  "'Seinfeld' in HD on TBS HD! Page 2". videojanitor. http://www.avsforum.com/avs-vb/showthread.phpp14589923#post14589923. Retrieved 2009-09-23.  "Engadget HD". Amazon.com. 2008-09-03. http://hd.engadget.com/2008/09/03/seinfeld-goes-hd-on-tbs-hd/. Retrieved 2009-10-28.  "Seinfeld Season 1 Blu-ray". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000RKBQBU/. Retrieved 2008-12-13.  "Seinfeld region 1 DVD release dates". TVShowsOnDVD.com. http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/releaselist.cfmShowID3743. Retrieved 2008-03-23.  Season 3 DVD: Inside Look of 'The Note' Season 3 DVD: 'The Note' commentary General references Mirzoeff Nicholas. "Seinfeld." British Film Institute TV Classics. 2007. ISBN 1-84457-201-3. Fretts Bruce. The Entertainment Weekly Seinfeld Companion. New York: Warner Books. 1993. ISBN 0-446-67036-7. Dawson Ryan (2006). "Seinfeld: a show about something" Cambridge University. William Irwin (Ed.). Seinfeld and Philosophy: A Book about Everything and Nothing. Peru Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company. 1999. ISBN 0-8126-9409-0. Gantz Katherine. "Not That There's Anything Wrong with That": Reading the Queer in Seinfeld. In Calvin Thomas (Ed.). Straight with a Twist: Queer Theory and the Subject of Heterosexuality. Champaign. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06813-0. Gattuso Greg. The Seinfeld Universe: The Entire Domain. New York: Citadel Press. 1996. ISBN 0-8065-2001-9. Murphy Noah. ' 'Seinfeld: A Beginner's Guide. Brisbane: Penguin Books. 2011. Seinfeld Jerry. Sein Language. Bantam. 1993. ISBN 0-553-09606-0. Weaver D.T. & Oliver M.B. (2000) Summary of the paper"Television Programs and Advertising: Measuring the Effectiveness of Product Placement Within Seinfeld." External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Seinfeld Official website Seinfeld at the Internet Movie Database Seinfeld at TV.com v d eSeinfeld Creators Larry David  Jerry Seinfeld Major writers Larry David  Jerry Seinfeld  Larry Charles  Peter Mehlman Main characters Jerry Seinfeld  George Costanza  Elaine Benes  Cosmo Kramer Supporting characters Newman  Ruthie Cohen  Frank Costanza  Estelle Costanza  Morty Seinfeld  Helen Seinfeld  Susan Ross  Uncle Leo  Jacopo Peterman  George Steinbrenner  David Puddy  Jackie Chiles  Kenny Bania  Justin Pitt  Tim Whatley Seasons 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 Related articles DVDs  Festivus  Kenny Kramer  Monk's Caf  Awards and nominations  Seinlanguage  Curb Your Enthusiasm  "Seinfeld" v d eNBC's "Must See TV / Comedy Night Done Right" 1980s debuts Buffalo Bill  Cheers  The Cosby Show  Day by Day  The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd  Dear John  A Different World  Fame  Family Ties  Gimme a Break  Grand  Hill Street Blues  L.A. 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