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A stage name also called a showbiz name or screen name is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers such as actors wrestlers comedians and musicians. Contents 1 Motivation to use a stage name 1.1 Family connection 1.2 Guild and association rules 1.3 Involuntary name changes 1.4 Ethnicity 1.5 Ease of use 1.6 Relevance to image 1.7 Euphony and ease of remembrance 1.8 Musical use 2 See also 3 References Motivation to use a stage name

A performer will often take a stage name because his/her real name is considered unattractive dull unintentionally amusing or difficult to pronounce or spell or because it has been used by another notable individual or because it projects an undesired image. Sometimes a performer adopts a name that is unusual or outlandish to attract attention. Other performers use a stage name in order to retain anonymity. The equivalent concept among writers is called a nom de plume or pen name while the term ring name is used in professional wrestling. In radio the term "radio name" or "air name" is used. (e.g. well-known talk radio host Rush Limbaugh who now uses his real name was known under the radio name Jeff Christie in his days as a top-40 disk jockey.) Family connection

Some individuals who are related to a celebrity take a different last name so that they are not perceived to have received undue advantage from their family connection. Examples of these include Luka Bloom (real name Kevin Barry Moore) brother of Christy Moore; and Mike McGear (brother of Paul McCartney). Sisters Loretta Peggy and Brenda Webb adopted the names Loretta Lynn Peggy Sue and Crystal Gayle respectively. Conversely individuals who wish to receive benefit from their family connections may take that person's first or last name. For example Lon Chaney Sr.s son Creighton spent a number of years appearing in minor roles before renaming himself Lon Chaney Jr. Actress Rebecca Isabelle Laemmle rechristened herself Carla Laemmle in reference to her uncle Universal Studios head Carl Laemmle. Emilio Estvez and his sister Renee chose not to take their father Martin Sheens professional name and use their birth names; however their brother Carlos chose to use their father's professional name and took the name Charlie Sheen. Guild and association rules

Guilds and associations that represent actors such as the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) in the United States and British Actors' Equity Association in the United Kingdom stipulate that no two members may have identical working names. An actor whose name has already been taken must choose a new name. Notable examples include David Tennant born David McDonald who said in an interview that he adopted the surname Tennant after reading Smash Hits magazine. Nathan Lane whose birth name Joseph Lane was already in use Stewart Granger whose birth name was James Stewart and Michael Keaton born Michael Douglas. The latter chose the last name Keaton simply because he came across a picture of actress Diane Keaton and "liked the sound of her name" so he adopted it as his own.12 Michael Andrew Fox became Michael J. Fox because a Michael Fox was already a member of the Screen Actors' Guild. Ugly Betty actress Vanessa Williams officially uses "Vanessa L. Williams" due to SAG guidelines although the other actress by the same name (Vanessa A. Williams) is arguably less notable. Similarly David Walliams changed one letter in his surname due to there being another "David Williams". Terry O'Quinn of Lost fame changed his surname from Quinn to O'Quinn as another registered actor already had the name Terrance Quinn.

A person hoping to become successful as an entertainer who has a name identical to a name already familiar to the public (in any field of endeavor) may change his/her name in order to not have his/her name evoke the other person with that name. By way of example the actor/writer/director Albert Brooks was named "Albert Einstein" by his parents and chose a different second name so that his name would not be a distraction that would evoke the renowned physicist of the same name. Singer Katy Perry born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson released her self-titled album under the name Katy Hudson but later changed her surname to Perry to avoid confusion with actress Kate Hudson. Involuntary name changes

A performer may also have had their stage name chosen for them by their agent (such was the case with Barbara Eden born Barbara Jean Huffman; her agent gave her a list of stage names and told her to "pick one"). Joan Rivers (born Joan Alexandra Molinsky) went one step further and named herself after a former agent Tony Rivers when he told her to change her name.

Cary Grant (born Archibald Leach) had his name selected for him by Paramount Pictures. He had been using the name "Cary Lockwood" but the studio decided against it deeming it too similar to another actor working at the time. Cary and the studio eventually settled on "Cary Grant" (Grant thought the letters "C" and "G" to be lucky: they had brought previous success for both Clark Gable and Gary Cooper). Ethnicity

In the past a stage name was often used when a performer's real name was considered to denote a specific ethnicity that faced potential discrimination. An example of this type of name change involved Freddie Mercury of the British rock band Queen who was born Farrokh Bulsara to Parsi parents; his name change was partly intended to conceal his heritage. Similarly Steven Tyler of Aerosmith changed his name from the original Stephen Victor Tallarico "for more promotional appeal".3 The actor Kal Penn changed his name from Kalpen Modi for professional purposes; after changing his name calls back increased by 50%.citation needed Historically Jews in Hollywood were encouraged to anglicize their names to avoid possible discrimination. This still happens to a degree (Jason Alexander Jon Stewart Brad Garrett Jonah Hill Winona Ryder and Natalie Portman for instance) but the growing acceptance of ethnic performers in the performing arts has made this occurrence less frequent.citation needed Ramn Estvez changed his name to Martin Sheen because he expected a better reception for an Irish name than a Spanish name; his sons made divergent choices: Carlos Irwin Estvez is now Charlie Sheen while Emilio Estvez left his name unchanged. German-born actor Hans Gudegast adopted the non-German stage name of Eric Braeden. Cherilyn Sarkisian is now known to the world by the single name Cher.

In a more extreme example the American Spanish actress Margarita Carmen Cansino underwent electrology to change her hairline to a more Northern European appearance and was renamed Rita Hayworth. Also legendary actor Anthony Quinn was also advised to anglicize his name as 'Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca' was considered too 'ethnic' for Hollywood at the time. Ease of use Another consideration in choosing a stage name is ease of use. The Actors' Equity Association (AEA) advises performers to select a name that is easy for others to pronounce spell and remember. Some performers while paying great attention to their skills and abilities give little thought to the difference that a well-thought-out name can make to their career. Often it is only after the realization that a poorly chosen name results in an undesired impression that a person or group decides on a different name. Actor Michael Caine was born Maurice Micklewhite and chose the name Michael because he preferred the sound of it to the less glamorous-sounding "Maurice".citation needed He chose the name Caine reputedly because at the precise instant he needed to decide upon his new stage name he saw a cinema marquee for the then-current movie The Caine Mutiny and thought that it would make a good last name in conjunction with Michael. ("Had I looked the other direction" he would later quip "I'd be known as Michael The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.") Relevance to image Commonly in the music world and especially those of heavy metal punk rock industrial and hip hop musicians will rename themselves with names more menacing than their birth names. Examples include Davey Havok Slash Sting Darby Crash Marilyn Manson Sid Vicious Johnny Rotten Zakk Wylde Nikki Sixx Count Grishnackh Necrobutcher Blasphemer Nivek Ogre Rob Zombie Dimebag Darrell Trey Azagthoth and Doyle Wolfgang von Frankenstein as well as every member of Avenged Sevenfold (M. Shadows Synyster Gates Zacky Vengeance Johnny Christ and the late The Reverend Tholomew Plague). Being that those genres pride themselves on a larger-than-life quality larger-than-life names are desirable. Madonna Lady Gaga Prince and Pink are pop music examples though both Madonna and Prince were given those names at birth (Lady Gaga named herself after the song "Radio Ga Ga" by Queen). Every member of the punk band The Ramones took the pseudonymous "Ramone" surname as part of their collective stage persona. Actor John Wayne's real name was Marion Morrison. He adopted the stage name because the name Marion had since his birth become a female name and he felt at odds with the masculine cowboy characters he portrayed. Similarly Norma Jeane Baker changed her name to the far more glamorous-sounding Marilyn Monroe. Hip Hop artists are known to use stage names but at times do advertise or bring out their real names such as popular rapper Eminem who has used his real name Marshall Mathers in various public events and has used it as an alter ego. His real name gained recognition in his multi platinum album The Marshall Mathers LP. Euphony and ease of remembrance Some performers and artists may choose to simplify their name to make it easier to spell and pronounce (and easier for others to remember). For instance Andy Warhol dropped an "a" from his original name Warhola while couturier Yves Mathieu-Saint-Laurent dropped the first of his two surnames. Also former Fall Out Boy frontman Patrick Stump removed the "h" from his original name Stumph. It was still pronounced "stump" but the change ensured his audience wouldn't think to pronounce it "stumf." Rodolfo Alfonso Raffaello Piero Filiberto Guglielmi adopted the stage name Rudolph Valentino in part because American casting directors found his original surname difficult to pronounce. Singer George Michael (the son of a Greek Cypriot restaurateur in North London) was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou. Some surnames may carry unfortunate connotations in English. Hal Linden born Harold Lipshitz adopted his stage name for fear that the embedded obscenity in his original surname could cost him work. Ralph Lauren's brother (who was his guardian) changed their family name from Lifshitz for a similar reason: fear of mockery. Musical use Some types of music are more associated with stage names than others. For example hip hop artists almost always use stage names whereas "classical" composers and performers virtually never do. Some Algerian ra musicians use the prefix Cheb (for men) or Chaba (Chebba) for women. Both Arabic words mean "young" (e.g. as in Cheb Khaled or "Young Khaled"). Some performers take a series of different stage names. The British pop singer successful in the 1970s as Alvin Stardust previously went by the stage name of Shane Fenton in the 1960s. He had been born Bernard William Jewry. Some performers will use different names in different settings. Charles Thompson singer/songwriter for the alternative band the Pixies was known in that band as Black Francis. He was called Frank Black as a solo performer and again called Black Francis in a reunited Pixies. Many performers refer to their stage name as their "professional name". In some cases performers subsequently adopt their stage name as their legal name. For instance the former Robert Allen Zimmerman's legal name has been Robert Dylan (Bob Dylan) since he changed it in New York City Supreme Court in August 1962.citation needed Elton John was born Reginald Dwight but changed his name by deed poll making Elton John his real name. When he was knighted he became Sir Elton John rather than Sir Reginald Dwight. Elvis Costello (born Declan MacManus) who had adopted his professional name as a legal name changed it back to his birth name in 1986.citation needed Due to recording contracts which do not permit them to openly record for competing companies musicians may appear on other performers' recordings using other names.citation needed See also Alter ego List of stage names Moniker Ring name Pen name Pseudonym References Micheal Keaton Micheal Keaton Biography Aerosmith secures a Columbia recording