Tikopia is a small and high island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Covering an area of 5 km (2 sq. mi.) the island is the remnant of an extinct volcano. Its highest point Mt. Reani reaches an elevation of 380 m (1247 ft) above sea level. Lake Te Roto covers an old volcanic crater which is 80 m deep.

Tikopia's location is relatively remote. It is sometimes grouped with the Santa Cruz Islands. Administratively Tikopia belongs to Temotu Province as the southernmost of the Solomon Islands. Contents 1 Population 2 See also 3 References 4 External links 5 Further reading Population Tikopia and inset showing position Historische Karte Tikopias (1943-1945

The population of Tikopia is about 1200 distributed among more than 20 villages mostly along the coast. The largest village is Matautu on the west coast not to be confused with Mata-Utu the capital of Wallis and Futuna. Historically the tiny island has supported a high-density population of a thousand or so. Strict reproductive policy prevented further increase. Unlike most of the Solomon Islands the inhabitants are Polynesians their language Tikopian is a member of the Samoic branch of the Polynesian languages and is generally referred to as a Polynesian outlier.

Tikopians practice an intensive system of agriculture (which has been compared to permaculture) similar in principle to forest gardening and the gardens of the New Guinea highlands. Their agricultural practices are strongly and consciously tied to the population density. For example around 1600 AD the people agreed to slaughter all pigs on the island and substitute fishing because the pigs were taking too much food that could be eaten by people.

Unlike the rapidly Westernizing society of much of the rest of Temotu province Tikopia society is little changed from ancient times. Its people take great pride in their customs and see themselves as holding fast to their Polynesian traditions while they regard the Melanesians around them to have lost most of theirs.

Four chiefs reign over the islands of Tikopia and Anuta still holding court in their huts.

Tikopians have a highly developed culture with a strong Polynesian influence including a complex social structure.

New Zealand anthropologist Raymond Firth who lived on Tikopia in 1928 and 1929 detailed the social life of Tikopia at that time. He showed how the society was divided geographically into two zones and was organized into four clans headed by clan chiefs. At the core of social life was the te paito - the house inherited from male (patrilineal) ancestors who were buried inside it. Relationships with the family grouping of one's mother (matrilateral relations) were also very important. The relations between a mother's brother and his nephew had a sacred dimension: the uncle oversaw the passage of his nephew through life in particular officiating at his manhood ceremonies. Intricate economic and ritual links between paito houses and deference to the chiefs within the clan organization were key dimensions of island life.

Raymond Firth speculates about the ways population control may have been achieved including celibacy warfare (including expulsion) infanticide and sea-voyaging (which claimed many youths). Currently many young men leave the island heading to either the Russell Islands or the national capital Honiara in search of work. As a result of this outflow population control is less necessary. Cyclone Zoe in December 2002 devastated the vegetation and human settlements in Tikopia. Despite the extensive damage no deaths were reported as the islanders followed their traditions and sheltered in the caves in the higher ground. The narrow bank that separated the freshwater lagoon from the sea was breached by the storm resulting the continuing contamination of the lagoon and the threatened death of the sago palms on which the islanders depend for survival. A remarkable international effort by "friends of" the island including many yacht crews who had had contact with Tikopia over the decades culminated in the construction of a gabion dam to seal the breach. Some discussions of Tikopian society include its nearest neighbour the even tinier island of Anuta. The Melanesian Mission (Anglican) first made contact with Tikopia in 1858. A mission teacher was not allowed to settle on Tikopia until 1907.1 See also Melanesia Oceania Pacific Islands Polynesian outlier Jared Diamond's book Collapse describes Tikopia as a success case in matching the challenges of sustainability contrasting it with Easter Island. References Ethnographic Artifacts: Challenges to a Reflexive Anthropology by S. R. Jaarsma Marta Rohatynskyj 2000 p. 112-13 External links An essay on Tikopia prepared for the BBC BBC photo essay from the aftermath of Cyclone Zoe Despite the overwhelming devastation and the greatest fears no one on Tikopia was killed in the disaster. Tools and practical help after the cyclone Restoring the freshwater lagoon of Tikopia Solomon Islands - John Seach a Tour Site but with information on each of the islands older detail map Further reading We the Tikopia (1936) Raymond Firth's classic study still used in anthropology classes today Kirch Patrick Viinton Tikopia; The History and Ecology of a Polynesian Outlier Bishop Museum Press Honolulu 1982. Firth Raymond The Work of the Gods in Tikopia Melbourne: Melbourne University Press (1940 1967) Firth Raymond SOCIAL CHANGE IN TIKOPIA. Re-Study of a Polynesian Community after a Generation London: Allen and Unwin. 1959 360 pages v d e Islands of the Solomon Islands by province Central Aeaun  Gavutu  Mbanika  Nggela Islands  Pavuvu  Russell Islands  Savo  Tanambogo  Tulagi Choiseul Choiseul  Cyprian Bridge Island  Nuatambu  Rob Roy  Taro  Vaghena Guadalcanal Guadalcanal  Korasahalu  Marau Sound  Nughu  Tavanipupu  Vulelua Isabel Arnarvon  Kerehikapa  Maleivona  Ramos  San Jorge  Santa Isabel  Sikopo Makira-Ulawa Ali'ite  Makira  Malaulalo  Malaupaina  Pio  Santa Ana  Santa Catalina  Ugi  Ulawa Malaita Adagege  Alite  Anuta Paina  Funaafou  Langa Langa Lagoon  Lau Lagoon  Laulasi  Maana'omba  Malaita  Maramasike  Mbasakana  Ndai  Ontong Java  Roncador Reef  Sikaiana  Sulufou Rennell and Bellona Bellona  Indispensable Reefs  Rennell Temotu Anuta  Banie  Duff Islands  Fatutaka  Fenualoa  Lomlom  Makalom  Malo  Matema  Nend  Nifiloli  Nukapu  Nupani  Patteson Shoal  Pigeon  Pileni  Reef Islands  Santa Cruz Islands  Taumako  Teanu  Tikopia  Tinakula  Utupua  Vanikoro Western Arundel  Faisi  Fauro  Ghizo  Ghoi  Kavachi  Kennedy  Kiambe  Kingguru  Kohinggo  Kolombangara  Liapari  Logha  Lola  Lumbari  Marovo  Matikuri  Mbava  Mborokua  Mbulo  Mondomondo  Mono  Nakaza  New Georgia  New Georgia Islands  Nggatokae  Nusatupe  Ranongga  Rendova  Shortland  Shortland Islands  Simbo  Stirling  Telina  Tetepare  Treasury Islands  Vella Lavella  Uepi  Vangunu  Vonavona v d ePolynesia Polynesian triangle Austral Islands  Cook Islands  Easter Island  Gambier Islands  Hawaiian Islands  Marquesas  New Zealand  Pitcairn Islands  Sala y Gmez  Samoan Islands  Society Islands  Tokelau  Tonga  Tuamotus  Tuvalu  Wallis and Futuna Islands Polynesian outliers Anuta  Emae  Futuna  Kapingamarangi  Loyalty Islands  Mele  Nuguria  Nukumanu  Nukuoro  Ontong Java  Ouva  Pileni  Rennell  Sikaiana  Takuu  Tikopia Polynesian-influenced Lau Islands  Rotuma Coordinates: 121747.3S 1684955.0E / 12.296472S 168.83194E / -12.296472; 168.83194