For other uses see Zanzibar (disambiguation). Zanzibar   Both Islands   Flag Seal The Zanzibar archipelago Coordinates: 68S 3919E / 6.133S 39.317E / -6.133; 39.317 Country Tanzania Islands Unguja and Pemba Capital Zanzibar City Settled AD 1000 Government  - Type semi-autonomous part of Tanzania  - President Ali Mohammed Shein Area1  - Total 2643 km2 (1020.5 sq mi) Population (2004)  - Total 1070000 Zanzibar Native name: Zang bar (Rust-land) Geography Location Indian Ocean Area 984 km2 (379.9 sq mi) Country Tanzania Region Zanzibar Largest city Wete Demographics Population 362000 (as of census 2002) Density 428 /km2 (1109 /sq mi)

Zanzibar ( /znzbr/; Arabic:  ; Persian: from suffix br: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin"(iron after rust))23 is a semi-autonomous part of the United Republic of Tanzania in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean 2550 kilometres (1631 mi) off the coast of the mainland and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island informally referred to as Zanzibar) and Pemba. Other nearby island countries and territories include Comoros and Mayotte to the south Mauritius and Runion to the far southeast and the Seychelles Islands about 1500 km to the east. Arab and Portuguese traders visited the region in early times and it was controlled by Omanis in the 18th and 19th centuries. Britain established a protectorate (1890) that became an independent sultanate in December 1963 and a republic after an uprising in January 1964. In April 1964 it joined Tanganyika to form a new republic that was renamed Tanzania in October 1964. (Frommers 2002) The capital of Zanzibar located on the island of Unguja is Zanzibar City and its historic centre known as Stone Town is a World Heritage Site.

Zanzibar's main industries are spices raffia and tourism4 . In particular the islands produce cloves nutmeg cinnamon and pepper. For this reason the islands together with Tanzania's Mafia Island are sometimes called the Spice Islands (a term also associated with the Maluku Islands in Indonesia). Zanzibar's ecology is of note for being the home of the endemic Zanzibar Red Colobus and the (possibly extinct) Zanzibar Leopard. Contents 1 History 2 Government and politics 3 Geography weather and climate 4 Wildlife 5 Population 6 Religion 7 Economy 8 Education 9 Transport 10 Energy 11 Culture and language 12 Media and communication 13 Sport 14 Famous people 15 Contemporary references 16 Gallery 17 See also 18 References 19 Further reading 20 External links History Main article: History of Zanzibar

The presence of microlithic tools attests to at least 50000 years of human occupation of Zanzibar.The Greek text between the 1st and 3rd centuries ADThe Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Greek: mentioned this island as Menuthias ZanzibarThe islands became part of the historical record of the wider world when Persian traders discovered them and used them as a base for voyages between the Middle East India and Africa. Unguja the larger island offered a protected and defensible harbor so although the archipelago offered few products of value the Persians settled at what became Zanzibar City ("Stone Town") as a convenient point from which to trade with East African coastal towns. The old fort and part of the Persian town

They established garrisons on the islands and built the first Zoroastrian fire temples and mosques in the Southern hemisphere.5

During the Age of Exploration the Portuguese Empire was the first European power to gain control of Zanzibar and the Portuguese kept it for nearly 200 years. In 1698 Zanzibar fell under the control of the Sultanate of Oman which developed an economy of trade and cash crops with a ruling Arab elite. Plantations were developed to grow spices hence the term Spice Islands. Another major trade good for Zanzibar was ivory. The Sultan of Zanzibar controlled a substantial portion of the East African coast known as Zanj; this included Mombasa Dar es Salaam and trading routes that extended much further inland such as the route leading to Kindu on the Congo River. Zanzibar was famous worldwide for its spices and its slaves. It was East Africa's main slave-trading port and in the mid-19th century as many as 50000 slaves were passing annually through the slave markets of Zanzibar.6 Monument to the slaves in Zanzibar

Sometimes gradually and sometimes by fits and starts control of Zanzibar came into the hands of the British Empire; part of the political impetus for this was the 19th century movement for the abolition of the slave trade. The relationship between Britain and the German Empire at that time the nearest relevant colonial power was formalized by the 1890 Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty in which Germany pledged not to interfere with British interests in insular Zanzibar. That year Zanzibar became a protectorate (not a colony) of Britain. From 1890 to 1913 traditional viziers were appointed to govern as puppets switching to a system of British residents (effectively governors) from 1913 to 1963. The death of the pro-British Sultan Hamad bin Thuwaini on 25 August 1896 and the succession of Sultan Khalid bin Barghash of whom the British did not approve led to the Anglo-Zanzibar War. On the morning of 27 August 1896 ships of the Royal Navy destroyed the Beit al Hukum Palace. A cease fire was declared 38 minutes later and to this day the bombardment stands as the shortest war in history.7 12 jan. 2004: President Karume of Zanzibar enters Amani Stadion for the celebration of the 40th anniversary of Zanzibar's 1964 revolution.

The islands gained independence from Britain in December 1963 as a constitutional monarchy. A month later the bloody Zanzibar Revolution in which thousands of Arabs and Indians were killed in a genocide and thousands more expelled8 led to the establishment of the Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. That April the republic was subsumed by the mainland former colony of Tanganyika. This United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was soon renamed (as a portmanteau) the United Republic of Tanzania of which Zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region. Government and politics Tanzania

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Tanzania President (List) Jakaya Kikwete Vice President Mohamed Gharib Bilal Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda Cabinet National Assembly Speaker Anne Makinda Political parties Elections: 2005 2010 Subdivisions Regions Districts Foreign relations Zanzibar President Ali Mohamed Shein Vice Presidents Seif Sharif Hamad Seif Ali Iddi Revolutionary Government Revolutionary Council House of Representatives

Other countries  Atlas Politics portal view talk Zanzibar has a government of national unity with the current president of Zanzibar being Ali Mohamed Shein since 1 November 2010. As a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania Zanzibar has its own government known as the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. It is made up of the Revolutionary Council and House of Representatives. The House of Representatives has a similar composition to the National Assembly of Tanzania: There are 50 members from electoral constituencies directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms; 10 members appointed by the President of Zanzibar; 15 special seats for women; 5 Regional commissioners; and an attorney-general. Five of these 81 members are then elected to represent Zanzibar in the National Assembly of Tanzania.9 Unguja comprises three administrative regions: Zanzibar Central/South Zanzibar North and Zanzibar Urban/West. Pemba has two: Pemba North and Pemba South. There are many political parties in Zanzibar but the main Parties are the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF). Since the early 1990s the politics of the archipelago have been marked by repeated clashes between these two political parties. Contested elections in late 2000 led to a massacre in Zanzibar in January 2001 when the government shot into crowds of protestors killing 35 and injuring 600.10 Violence erupted again in 2005 after another contested election with the CUF claiming that its rightful victory had been stolen from them. Following 2005 negotiations between the two parties aiming at the long-term resolution of the tensions and a power-sharing accord took place but they suffered repeated setbacks. The most notable of these took place in April 2008 when the CUF walked away from the negotiating table following a CCM call for a referendum to approve of what had been presented as a done deal on the power-sharing agreement. In October 2009 the former president of Zanzibar Amani Abeid Karume met with CUF secretary Seif Sharif Hamad who is currently the first vice president of Zanzibar at the State House to discuss how to save Zanzibar from future political turmoil and to end the backlash between them11 a move which was welcomed by many people including the USA12 and political parties. It was the first time since the multi-party system was introduced in Zanzibar that CUF agreed to recognize Karume as the legitimate president of Zanzibar. The relationship between Zanzibar government and Tanzanian Mainland has not been so well in recent years since Tanzania Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda's remark about the Isles' sovereignty that Zanzibar is not an independent country outside the Union Government within which it can only exercise its sovereignty.13 Members from both the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the opposition Civic United Front (CUF) disagreed with Mr Pinda's interpretation and stand firmly in recognizing Zanzibar as a fully autonomous and full state14 the move which is widely unrecognized by the formation of the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania which raises a backlash between Members of Parliament from the Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar. In 2008 Tanzanian president Jakaya Kikwete tried to silence the matter when he addressed the nation in a live conference by saying that Zanzibar is a state internal but semi-state international. A proposal to amend Zanzibars laws to allow rival parties to form governments of national unity was adopted by 66.4 per cent of voters after official results of a referendum which was held on July 31 2010.15 Zanzibar Electoral Commission (ZEC) Chairman said 293039 (or 71.9 per cent) out of 407667 people registered for the referendum actually turned up at polling stations across the Isles to cast their votes. He said a total of 284318 valid votes were cast with 188705 (or 66.4 per cent) voting YES for a Government of National Unity and 95613 opposed to the proposition and 8721 were spoilt.16 Geography weather and climate The waterfront of Zanzibar city Covering an area of 2461 km2 (950 sq miles)17 Zanzibar is a mainly low lying island with its highest point at 120 metres.18 It is 108 km long and 32.km wide.19 It is +3 GMT during winter and +2 during summer time. It is located in the Indian Ocean about 25 miles from the Tanzanian mainland coast and 6 south of the equator. It is characterised by beautiful sandy beaches with fringing coral reefs and the magic of historic Stone Town - said to be the only functioning ancient town in East Africa.20 The coral reefs that surround the East Coast are rich in marine diversity. The heat of summer is seasonally often cooled by windy conditions resulting in sea breezes particularly on the North and East coasts. Being near to the equator the islands are warm all year round but officially summer and winter peak in December and June respectively. Short rains can occur in November but are characterised by short showers which do not last long. The long rains normally occur in April and May although this is often referred to as the 'Green Season' and it typically does not rain every day during that time. Main article: Zanzibar Archipelago Wildlife The main island of Zanzibar Unguja has a fauna which reflects its connection to the African mainland during the last Ice Age.2122 Endemic mammals with continental relatives include the Zanzibar red colobus one of Africa's rarest primates the Zanzibar red colobus may number only about 1500. Isolated on this island for at least 1000 years the Zanzibar red colobus (Procolobus kirkii) is recognized as a distinct species with different coat patterns calls and food habits than related colobus species on the mainland.23 Zanzibar red colobus live in a wide variety of drier areas of coastal thickets and coral rag scrub as well as mangrove swamps and agricultural areas. About one third of the red colobus live in and around Jozani Forest- Ironically the easiest monkeys to see are on farm land adjacent to the reserve. They are used to people and the low vegetation means they come close to the ground. Rare native animals include the Zanzibar leopard which is critically endangered and possibly extinct; and the recently described Zanzibar servaline genet. There are no large wild animals in Zanzibar and forest areas such as Jozani are inhabited by monkeys bush-pigs small antelopes civets and rumor has it the elusive Zanzibar leopard. Various species of mongoose can also be found on the island. There is a wide variety of birdlife and a large number of butterflies in rural areas. Pemba island is separated from Unguja island and the African continent by deep channels and has a correspondingly restricted fauna reflecting its comparative isolation from the mainland.2122 Its best-known endemic is the Pemba Flying Fox. Population A panorama of Zanzibar particularly the Stone Town taken from the Indian Ocean. Seen in the picture are the Sultan's palace House of Wonders Forodhani Gardens and the St. Joseph's Cathedral According to the most recent census of 2002 the total population of Zanzibar was 984625 - with a steady annual growth rate of 3.1%.24 According to that census the population of Zanzibar City which is the largest city is approximately 205870. 24 The people of Zanzibar are of diverse ethnic origins. The first permanent residents of Zanzibar seem to have been the ancestors of the Hadimu and Tumbatu who began arriving from the East African mainland around AD 1000. They belonged to various mainland ethnic groups and on Zanzibar they lived in small villages and did not coalesce to form larger political units. Because they lacked central organization they were easily subjugated by outsiders. Ancient pottery demonstrates existing trade routes with Zanzibar as far back as the time of the ancient Assyrians. Traders from Arabia as well as the Persian Gulf region of modern-day Iran (especially Shiraz) and west India probably visited Zanzibar as early as the First Century. They used the monsoon winds to sail across the Indian Ocean to land at the sheltered harbor located on the site of present-day Zanzibar City. Zanzibar is mostly populated by African people of Bantu origin 25 but there is also a minority population of Asians originally from India and Arab countries. A significant proportion of people also identify as Shirazi. According to the 2002 census around two thirds of the people 622459 live on Zanzibar Island (Unguja) with the greatest proportion settled in the densely populated west. Besides Zanzibar City other towns on Zanzibar Island include Chaani Mbweni Mangapwani Chwaka and Nungwi. Outside of these towns most people live in small villages and are engaged in farming or fishing. On Pemba Island the overall settlement pattern is similar to that of the main island. The largest town is Chake-Chake with a population of 19283; other smaller towns are Wete and Mkoani. The other island of Zanzibar Mafia has a total population of about 40801. Considerable disparities exist in the standard of living for inhabitants of Pemba and Unguja as well as the disparity between urban and rural populations. The average annual income of just US$250 hides the fact that about half the population lives below the poverty line. Despite a relatively high standard of primary health care and education infant mortality is still 83 in 1000 live births and it is estimated that malnutrition affects one in three of Zanzibar's people. Life expectancy at birth is 48 years which is significantly lower than the 2010 world average of 67.2. While the incidence of HIV/AIDS is considerably less in Zanzibar than in Tanzania as a whole (0.6% of the population as against the national average of around 8%) it is a growing problem. Religion The most commonly practised religion is Islam. About 95% of Zanzibar's population follow the laws of Islam. Its history was influenced by the Arabs and the Indian mainland people. The remaining are Christians.26 There are 51 mosques and muezzins invoke before the prayer time. There are also six Catholic Cathedrals as well as an Anglican Cathedral in Zanzibar's multi-ethnic town (Stone Town). There are many burial places around the outskirts with interesting headstones and graves and some important graves in the town itself usually of religious leaders of the past. There are also Evangelical Christian churches in Zanzibar Town. Some distance from Zanzibar Town are other Christian churches such as Evangelistic Assemblies of God Zanzibar (EAGZ) which is at Kijito Upele-Fuoni Zanzibar pioneered by the Founder for Evangelical Movement in Zanzibar Rev. Leonard Masasa. Another church is Tanzania Assemblies of God which is at Kariakoo. There are now more than 25 Evangelical churches in Zanzibar. There is also a small population of Bah's. (Sfee Bah' Faith in Tanzania.) Economy The clove originating from the Moluccan Islands (today in Indonesia) was introduced in Zanzibar by the Omani sultans in the first half of the 19th century.27 Zanzibar mainly Pemba Island was once the world's leading clove producer28 but annual clove sales have plummeted by 80% since the 1970s. Zanzibar's clove industry has been crippled by a fast-moving global market international competition and a hangover from Tanzania's failed experiment with socialism in the 1960s and 1970s when the government controlled clove prices and exports. Zanzibar now ranks a distant third with Indonesia supplying 75% of the world's cloves compared to Zanzibar's 7%.28 Zanzibar exports spices seaweed and fine raffia. It also has a large fishing and dugout canoe production. Tourism is a major foreign currency earner. The Michenzani apartment blocks near Stone Town once the pride of East German development cooperation with Zanzibar. Zanzibar's economy is based primarily on the production of cloves (90% grown on the island of Pemba) the principal foreign exchange earner. Exports have suffered with the downturn in the clove market. Tourism is a promising sector with a number of new hotels and resorts having been built in recent years. The Government of Zanzibar legalized foreign exchange bureaus on the islands before mainland Tanzania moved to do so. The effect was to increase the availability of consumer commodities. The government has also established a free port area which provides the following benefits: contribution to economic diversification by providing a window for free trade as well as stimulating the establishment of support services; administration of a regime that imports exports and warehouses general merchandise; adequate storage facilities and other infrastructure to cater for effective operation of trade; and creation of an efficient management system for effective re-exportation of goods.29 The island's manufacturing sector is limited mainly to import substitution industries such as cigarettes shoes and processed agricultural products. In 1992 the government designated two export-producing zones and encouraged the development of offshore financial services. Zanzibar still imports much of its staple requirements petroleum products and manufactured articles. During May and June 2008 Zanzibar suffered a major failure of its electricity system which left the island without electricity for nearly a month. Another blackout happened from December 2009 to March 2010 due to a problem with the submarine cables and the local plant. This led to a serious and ongoing shock to the island's fragile economy which is heavily dependent on foreign tourism. In 2000 the annual income per capita was US$220.1 There is also a possibility of oil availability in Zanzibar on the island of Pemba and efforts have been made by the Tanzanian Government and Zanzibar revolutionary Government to exploit what could be one of the most significant discoveries in recent memory. Oil would help boost the economy of Zanzibar but there have been disagreements about dividends between the Tanzanian mainland and Zanzibar the latter claiming the oil should be excluded in Union matters. A Norwegian consultant has been sent to Zanzibar to investigate its oil potential.30 Education In 2000 there were 207 government schools and 118 privately owned schools in Zanzibar.1 There are also two universities and one college: Zanzibar University the State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) and the Chukwani College of Education.31 SUZA was established in 1999 and is located in Stone Town in the buildings of the former Institute of Kiswahili and Foreign Language (TAKILUKI).32 It is the only public institution for higher learning in Zanzibar the other two institutions being private. In 2004 the three institutions had a total enrollment of 948 students of whom 207 were female.33 The primary and secondary education system in Zanzibar is slightly different than that of the Tanzanian mainland. On the mainland education is only compulsory for the seven years of primary education while in Zanzibar an additional three years of secondary education are compulsory and free.1 Students in Zanzibar score significantly less on standardized tests for reading and mathematics than students on the mainland.134 In the 1970s 1980s and 1990s national service after secondary education was necessary but it is now voluntary and few students volunteer. Most choose to seek employment or attend teacher's colleges. Transport Zanzibar has a total road network of 1600 kilometres of roads of which 85% are tarmacked or semi-tarmacked. The remainder are earth roads which are rehabilitated annually to make them passable throughout the year. There is no public transport owned by the government at the moment in Zanzibar but the Daladala (as it is officially known in Zanzibar) is the only kind of public transport owned by private owners; the term Daladala originated from the swahili word DALA or five shillings during the 1970s and 80s (at that time public transport cost five shillings). Zanzibar now has an improved and thriving sea transport network by which public owned ships and private speed boats serve the ports of Zanzibar which was renovated by the help of European Union. There are five ports in the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. The Zanzibar Port Corporation (ZPC) is a public entity which has full autonomy for operation and development of ports. The wharves of the main seaport were constructed in 1989-1991 with financial assistance from the European Union.35 The port handles more than 90% of Zanzibar trade. Malindi port was built in 1925 as a modest lighter port. The port is in a poor state in terms of infrastructure (quays container stacking yard etc.) as well as very limited operational area and storage facilities. Several assessments of the Malindi port's condition were made between 1995 and 2001. However no repair works has been done resulting in further deterioration of the wharves. The main port wharf has deteriorated to the extent that it can no longer be repaired. The most recent accident was in May 2009 when a cargo vessel sank before departing for Dar-es Salaam. It is still unclear how many people lost their lives as is the cause of the accident. It took more than a week to rescue and lift the vessel. Zanzibar is well connected to the rest of the world. Zanzibar's main airport Zanzibar International Airport can now handle larger planes which has resulted in an increase in passenger and cargo inflows and outflows. Energy The energy sector in Zanzibar consists of unreliable electric power petroleum and petroleum products; it is also supplemented by firewood and its related products. Coal and gas are rarely used for either domestic and industrial purposes. Zanzibar gets 70 percent of its electric power needs from mainland Tanzania through a submarine cable and the rest (for Pemba) is thermally generated. The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar and the government of the Kingdom of Norway signed an agreement in August 2008 whereby Norway agreed to provide funds for the Tanga-Pemba Sub Sea Cable Project which will enable Pemba Island to receive electricity from the National Grid from the Tanga Region; the laying of a 40 megawatts marine cable started in December 2009.36 Between 70 and 75% of the electricity generated is used domestically while less than 20 percent is used industrially. Fuel wood charcoal and kerosene are widely used as sources of energy for cooking and lighting for most rural and urban areas. The consumption capacity of petroleum gas oil kerosene and IDO is increasing annually going from a total of 5650 tons consumed in 1997 to more than 7500 tons in 1999.citation needed Zanzibar suffered its second major blackout on December 10 to March 23 2010 200937 and the Tanzanian island's energy ministry says it is unclear when the problem will be fixed.38 The first major blackout which left the islanders powerless and entirely dependent on alternative methods of electricity generation (mainly diesel generators) was from May 21 to June 19 2008. The mainland where the fault originated managed to be restored at the same time.39 Culture and language Zanzibar's local people are from a mixture of ethnic backgrounds40 indicative of its colourful history. Zanzibaris speak Swahili (known locally as Kiswahili) a language which is spoken extensively in East Africa. Many believe that the purest form is spoken in Zanzibar as it is the birthplace of the language. Many locals also speak English. Zanzibar's most famous event is the Zanzibar International Film Festival also known as the Festival of the Dhow Countries. Every July this event showcases the best of the Swahili Coast arts scene including Zanzibar's favorite music Taarab.41 Important architectural features in Stone Town are the Livingstone house The Old dispensary of Zanzibar the Guliani Bridge Ngome kongwe (The Old fort of Zanzibar) and the House of Wonders.42 The town of Kidichi features the Hamamni Persian Baths built by immigrants from Shiraz Iran during the reign of Barghash bin Said. Zanzibar also is the only place in Eastern African countries to have the longest settlement houses formally known as Michenzani flats which were built by the aid from East German during 1970's to solve housing problems in Zanzibar. Media and communication Zanzibar was the first region in Africa to introduce colour television in 1973. The first television service on mainland Tanzania was not introduced until some twenty years later but it currently ranks low among African countries due to poor services offered and lack of modern production tools as well as experienced staff. The current TV station is called TVZ.43 There are about 8 private radio stations. Among the famous reporters of TVZ during the 1980s and 1990s were the late Alwiya Alawi 19611996 (the elder sister of Inat Alawi famous Taarab singer during the 1980s) Neema Mussa Sharifa Maulid Fatma Mzee Zaynab Ali Ramadhan Ali and Khamis Faki. In terms of communication Zanzibar is well served by the newly restructured public telecommunication company (TTCL) and four privately owned mobile systems. Through these systems the whole of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba) is widely covered and connected to most parts of the world. Zanzibar Telecommunicatio known as Zantel was the first and only Zanzibar based Tele-communication company since 199944 before relocating its main headquarters to the Mainland. Almost all Mobile and Internet companies served in Mainland Tanzania are available in Zanzibar. Sport Association Football is the most popular sport in Zanzibar overseen by the Zanzibar Football Association.45 Zanzibar is an associate member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF). This means that the Zanzibar national football team is not eligible to enter national CAF competitions such as the African Nations Cup but Zanzibar's football clubs get representation at the CAF Confederation Cup and the CAF Champions League. The national team participates in non-FIFA international tournaments such as the FIFI Wild Cup and the ELF Cup. Because Zanzibar is not a member of FIFA their team is not eligible for the World Cup. The Zanzibar Football Association also has a Premier League for the top clubs which was created in 1981. Since 1992 there has also been Judo in Zanzibar. The founder Mr. Tsuyoshi Shimaoka established a strong team which participates in national and international competitions. In 1999 Zanzibar Judo Association (Z.J.A.) was registered and became an active member of Tanzania Olympic Committee. Famous people Murtaza Alidina scholar Farouque Abdillahi who was Princess Diana's designer Freddie Mercury of the popular band Queen was born in Zanzibar Contemporary references Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake is set in Zanzibar Land a region unrelated to Zanzibar. Jimmy Buffet's song Six String Music John Brunner's novel Stand on Zanzibar The Halo 2 map Zanzibar Giles Foden's novel Zanzibar Ashley Prowse's novel The Clepsydra Stopped Tristan Jones' The Incredible Voyage Bill Harley's song Zanzibar Billy Joel's song Zanzibar Gallery A Zanzibar beach Stone Town Stone Town with Sultan's Palace Cloves have played a significant role in the history of Zanzibar's economy House of Wonders Zanzibar East Coast beach Polluted beach at Mtoni Red-knobbed starfish on the beach in Nungwi northern Zanzibar See also German East Africa Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty Zanzibari cuisine References This article uses citations that consist of only bare URLs. Please consider adding proper citations so that the article remains verifiable in the future. Several templates and a tool are available to facilitate formatting. (September 2010) a b c d e "Education in Zanzibar - Southern and Eastern African Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality". 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Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "ZanzibarTravel Guide and Tourist Information". africaguide.com. http://www.africaguide.com/country/zanzibar/. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "World cup near United Kingdom". Google Maps. http://maps.google.co.uk/mapsqworld+cup&nearuk&monkeyssoccer&z6&utmcampaignenGB&utmmediummapshpp&utmsourceenGB-mapshpp-emea-gb-gns-ls&utmtermwtw2010. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "What is Zanzibar". Zanzibar.NET. http://zanzibar.net/zanzibar/whatiszanzibar. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  a b Pakenham R.H.W. (1984). The Mammals of Zanzibar and Pemba Islands. Harpenden: privately printed. http://www.scribd.com/doc/14538645/The-Mammals-of-Zanzibar-and-Pemba. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  a b Martin T. Walsh (2007). "Island Subsistence: Hunting Trapping and the Translocation of Wildlife in the Western Indian Ocean". Azania 42: 83113. http://www.scribd.com/doc/14444883/Island-Subsistence-Hunting-Trapping-and-the-Translocation-of-Wildlife-in-the-Western-Indian-Ocean/. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "Red Colobus". galenfrysinger.com. http://www.galenfrysinger.com/redcolobus.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  a b "People and Culture - Zanzibar Travel Guide". Zanzibar-travel-guide.com. http://www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com/bradtguide.aspbradt1844. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "People and Culture - Zanzibar Travel Guide". Zanzibar-travel-guide.com. http://www.zanzibar-travel-guide.com/bradtguide.aspbradt1844. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "Zanzibar people of Zanzibar". African Encounters. Archived from the original on 2008-04-02. http://web.archive.org/web/20080402124546/http://www.encounterzanzibar.com/people.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-27. "95% of the population follow the laws of Islam"  Professor Trevor Marchand. Oman & Zanzibar: The Sultans of Oman. Archaeological Tours. a b Edmund Sanders (24 November 2005). "Zanzibar Loses Some of Its Spice". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/nov/24/world/fg-cloves24. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  Bureau of African Affairs (June 8 2010). "Background Note: Tanzania". U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2843.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-27.  "". thecitizen.co.tz. http://thecitizen.co.tz/newe.phpid10276. Retrieved 2010-08-11. dead link Tanzania Commission for Universitiesdead link "SUZA website". Suza.ac.tz. http://www.suza.ac.tz/. Retrieved 2011-04-04.  Higher education zanzibar.go.tzdead link "Tanzania entry SACMEQ". Sacmeq.org. http://www.sacmeq.org/education-zanzibar.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-04.  "". http://seaport.homestead.com/files/zanzibar.html.  "". http://www.dailynews.co.tz/home/n6654&cathome. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  Katrina Manson (22 December 2009). "". Reuters. http://allafrica.com/stories/200912240605.html.  "Zanzibar's tourist high season hit by blackout". Reuters. 2009-12-22. http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE5BL04620091222. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  "Melting in Zanzibar's blackout". BBC News. 30 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7427957.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010.  "". http://www.zanzinet.org/zanzibar/people/people.html.  "". http://www.ziff.or.tz/.  "". http://www.zanzibarheritage.go.tz/House%20of%20Wonders%20Museum.htm.  "TVZ.co.tz". TVZ.co.tz. http://www.tvz.co.tz/. Retrieved 2011-04-04.  "". http://www.zantel.com/company%20profile.html.  "". http://www.tanzaniasports.com/p3115. Retrieved 11 August 2010.  Further reading Revolution in Zanzibar Don Petterson (Boulder Colorado: Westview Press 2002) Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar Emily Ruete 1888. (Many reprints). Author (18441924) was born Princess Salme of Zanzibar and Oman and was a daughter of Sayyid Said. Banani: the Transition from Slavery to Freedom in Zanzibar and Pemba H. S. Newman (London 1898) Travels in the Coastlands of British East Africa W. W. A. FitzGerald (London 1898) Zanzibar in Contemporary Times R. N. Lyne (London 1905) Pemba: The Spice Island of Zanzibar J. E. E. Craster (London 1913) Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era and Tanzania under Mwalimu Nyerere: Reflections on an African Statesman Godfrey Mwakikagile (Pretoria South Africa: New Africa Press 2006) Hatice Uur Osmanl Afrikas'nda Bir Sultanlk: Zengibar (Zanzibar as a Sultanate in the Ottoman Africa) stanbul: Kre Yaynlar 2005. kureyayinlari.com For its English version see Boun.edu Challenges of Informal Urbanisation. The Case of Zanzibar/Tanzania Wolfgang Scholz (Dortmund 2008) Amazon.de External links Wikisource has original text related to this article: Zanzibar Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zanzibar Zanzibar travel guide from Wikitravel Government of Zanzibar Education Statistics and Quality of Education in Zanzibar Map of Zanzibar and Tanganyika in 1886 Zanzibar without Poverty A plain language guide to the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibars Zanzibar Poverty Reduction Plan (ZPRP) of January 2002 Zanzibar Stone Town & Hotels A travel guide website containing pictures and information about Stone Town as well as a selection of Stone Town Hotels. Zanzibar Culture A site containing details of Zanzibar's culture and history. CAAA Collegien Acadiens et leurs Amis Africain Development assistance organisation from Switzerland v d ePortuguese Empire North Africa  15th century 14151640  Ceuta 14581550  Alccer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir) 14711550  Arzila (Asilah) 14711662  Tangier 14851550  Mazagan (El Jadida) 1487 middle 16th century  Ouadane 14881541  Safim (Safi) 1489  Graciosa 16th century 15051769  Santa Cruz do Cabo  de Gu (Agadir) 15061525  Mogador (Essaouira) 15061525  Aguz (Souira Guedima) 15061769  Mazagan (El Jadida) 15131541  Azamor (Azemmour) 1515  So Joo da Mamora (Mehdya) 15771589  Arzila (Asilah) Sub-Saharan Africa  15th century 14551633  Arguin 14701975  So Tom1 14741778  Annobn 14781778  Fernando Poo (Bioko) 14821637  Elmina (So Jorge  da Mina) 14821642  Portuguese Gold Coast 14961550  Madagascar (part) 14981540  Mascarene Islands 16th century 15001630  Malindi 15001975  Prncipe1 15011975  Portuguese E. Africa  (Mozambique) 15021659  St. Helena 15031698  Zanzibar 15051512  Quloa (Kilwa) 15061511  Socotra 15571578  Accra 15751975  Portuguese W. Africa  (Angola) 15881974  Cacheu2 15931698  Mombassa (Mombasa) 17th century 16421975  Cape Verde 16451888  Ziguinchor 16801961  So Joo Baptista de Ajud 16871974  Bissau2 18th century 17281729  Mombassa (Mombasa) 17531975  So Tom and Prncipe 19th century 18791974  Portuguese Guinea 18851975  Portuguese Congo (Cabinda)   1 Part of So Tom and Prncipe from 1753.   2 Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879. Southwest Asia  16th century 15061615  Gamru (Bandar-Abbas) 15071643  Sohar 15151622  Hormuz (Ormus) 15151648  Quriyat 1515   Qalhat 15151650  Muscat 1515   Barka 15151633 Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 15211602  Bahrain (Muharraq and Manama) 15211529  Qatif 15211551 Tarut Island 15501551  Qatif 15881648  Matrah 17th century 1620   Khor Fakkan 1621   As Sib 16211622  Qeshm 1623   Khasab 1623   Libedia 1624   Kalba 1624   Madha 16241648  Dibba Al-Hisn 1624   Bandar-e Kong Indian subcontinent  15th century 14981545  Laccadive Islands       (Lakshadweep) 16th century Portuguese India 15001663  Cochim (Kochi) 15021661  Quilon (Coulo/Kollam) 15021663  Cannanore (Kannur) 15071657  Negapatam (Nagapatnam) 15101962  Goa 15121525  Calicut (Kozhikode) 15181619  Paliacate (Pulicat) 15211740  Chaul 15231662  Mylapore 15281666  Chittagong 15311571  Chalium 15341601  Salsette Island 15341661  Bombay (Mumbai) 15351739  Baam (Vasai-Virar) 15361662  Cranganore (Kodungallur) 15401612  Surat 15481658  Tuticorin (Thoothukudi) 16th century (continued) Portuguese India (continued) 15591962  Daman and Diu 15681659  Mangalore 15791632  Hugli 15981610  Masulipatnam (Machilipatnam) 15181521  Maldives 15181658  Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 15581573  Maldives 17th century Portuguese India 16871749  Mylapore 18th century Portuguese India 17791954  Dadra and Nagar Haveli East Asia and Oceania  16th century 15111641  Portuguese Malacca 15121621  Moluccas (Maluku Islands) 15221575  Ternate 15761605  Ambon 15781650  Tidore 15121665  Makassar 15531999  Macau 15711639  Decima (Dejima Nagasaki) 17th century 16421975  Portuguese Timor (East Timor)1 19th century Macau 18641999  Coloane 18491999  Portas do Cerco 18511999  Taipa 18901999  Ilha Verde 20th century Macau 19381941  Lapa and Montanha (Hengqin) 1  1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002 East Timor's independence was recognized by Portugal & the world. North America and the North Atlantic Ocean  15th century 1420 Madeira 1432 Azores 16th century 15001579  Terra Nova (Newfoundland) 15001579  Labrador 15161579  Nova Scotia Central and South America  16th century 15001822  Brazil 15361620  Barbados 17th century 16801777  Nova Colnia do Sacramento 19th century 18081822  Cisplatina (Uruguay) Portuguese colonization of the Americas Theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia v d eBritish Empire and Commonwealth of Nations Legend Current territory     Former territory * now a Commonwealth Realm     now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations Europe  18th century 17081757  Minorca since 1713  Gibraltar 17631782  Minorca 17981802  Minorca 19th century 18001964  Malta 18071890  Heligoland 18091864  Ionian Islands 20th century 1921-1937  Irish Free State North America  17th century 15831907  Newfoundland 16071776  Virginia since 1619  Bermuda 16201691  Plymouth Colony 16291691  Massachusetts Bay Colony 16321776  Maryland 16361776  Connecticut 16361776  Rhode Island 16371662  New Haven Colony 16631712  Carolina 16641776  New York 16651674 and 1702-1776  New Jersey 16701870  Rupert's Land 16741702  East Jersey 16741702  West Jersey 16801776  New Hampshire 16811776  Pennsylvania 16861689  Dominion of New England 16911776  Massachusetts 18th century 17011776  Delaware 17121776  North Carolina 17121776  South Carolina 17131867  Nova Scotia 17331776  Georgia 17631873  Prince Edward Island 17631791  Quebec 17631783  East Florida 17631783  West Florida 17841867  New Brunswick 17911841  Lower Canada 17911841  Upper Canada 19th century 18181846  Columbia District / Oregon Country1 18411867  Province of Canada 18491866  Vancouver Island 18531863  Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 18581866  British Columbia 18591870  North-Western Territory 18621863  Stikine Territory 18661871  Vancouver Island and British Columbia 18671931  *Dominion of Canada2 20th century 19071949  Dominion of Newfoundland3 1Occupied jointly with the United States 2In 1931 Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. see Canada's name. 3Gave up self-rule in 1934 but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949. Latin America and the Caribbean  17th century 16051979  *Saint Lucia 16231883  Saint Kitts (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 16241966  *Barbados 16251650  Saint Croix 16271979  *St. Vincent and the Grenadines 16281883  Nevis (*Saint Kitts & Nevis) 16291641  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 since 1632  Montserrat 16321860  Antigua (*Antigua & Barbuda) 16431860  Bay Islands since 1650  Anguilla 16511667  Willoughbyland (Suriname) 16551850  Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 16551962  *Jamaica since 1666  British Virgin Islands since 1670  Cayman Islands 16701973  *Bahamas 16701688  St. Andrew and Providence Islands4 16711816  Leeward Islands 18th century 17621974  *Grenada 17631978  Dominica since 1799  Turks and Caicos Islands 19th century 18311966  British Guiana (Guyana) 18331960  Windward Islands 18331960  Leeward Islands 18601981  *Antigua and Barbuda 18711964  British Honduras (*Belize) 18821983  *St. Kitts and Nevis 18891962  Trinidad and Tobago 20th century 19581962  West Indies Federation 4Now the San Andrs y Providencia Department of Colombia Africa  18th century 17921961  Sierra Leone 17951803  Cape Colony 19th century 18061910  Cape Colony 18101968  Mauritius 18161965  Gambia 18561910  Natal 18681966  Basutoland (Lesotho) 18741957  Gold Coast (Ghana) 18821922  Egypt 18841966  Bechuanaland (Botswana) 18841960  British Somaliland 18871897  Zululand 18881894  Matabeleland 18901965  Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 5 18901962  Uganda 18901963  Zanzibar (Tanzania) 18911964  Nyasaland (Malawi) 18911907  British Central Africa Protectorate 18931968  Swaziland 18951920  East Africa Protectorate 18991956  Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 20th century 19001914  Northern Nigeria 19001914  Southern Nigeria 19001910  Orange River Colony 19001910  Transvaal Colony 19061954  Nigeria Colony 19101931  South Africa 19111964  Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 19141954  Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 19151931  South West Africa (Namibia) 19191960  Cameroons (Cameroon) 6 19201963  Kenya 19221961  Tanganyika (Tanzania) 6 19541960  Nigeria 19791980  Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 5 5Southern Rhodesia issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and returned to British control in 1979. 6League of Nations mandate Asia  17th Century 1685-1824  Bencoolen (Sumatra) 18th century 17021705  Cn o 17571947  Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 17621764  Philippines 17951948  Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 17961965  Maldives 19th century 18191826  British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) 18261946  Straits Settlements 18391967  Colony of Aden 18391842  Afghanistan 18411997  Hong Kong 18411941  Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 18581947  British India (India Pakistan and Bangladesh Burma) 18791919  Afghanistan 18821963  British North Borneo (Malaysia) 18851946  Unfederated Malay States 18881984  Sultanate of Brunei 18881946  Sultanate of Sulu 18911971  Muscat and Oman protectorate 18921971  Trucial States protectorate 18951946  Federated Malay States 18981930  Weihai Garrison 18781960  Cyprus 20th century 19181961  Kuwait protectorate 19201932  Iraq6 19211946  Transjordan6 19231948  Palestine6 19451946  South Vietnam 19461948  Malayan Union 19461963  Sarawak (Malaysia) 19481957  Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) since 1960  Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) since 1965  British Indian Ocean Territory 6League of Nations mandate Oceania  18th century 17881901  New South Wales 19th century 18031901  Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 18071863  Auckland Islands7 18241980  New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 18241901  Queensland 18291901  Swan River Colony/Western Australia 18361901  South Australia since 1838  Pitcairn Islands 18411907  Colony of New Zealand 18511901  Victoria 18741970  Fiji8 18771976  British Western Pacific Territories 18841949  Territory of Papua 18881965  Cook Islands7 18891948  Union Islands (Tokelau)7 18921979  Gilbert and Ellice Islands9 18931978  British Solomon Islands10 20th century 19001970  Tonga (protected state) 19001974  Niue7 19011942  *Commonwealth of Australia 19071953  *Dominion of New Zealand 19191942  Nauru 19451968  Nauru 19191949  Territory of New Guinea 19491975  Territory of Papua and New Guinea11 7Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand 8Suspended member 9Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu 10Now the *Solomon Islands 11Now *Papua New Guinea Antarctica and South Atlantic  17th century since 1659  St. Helena12 19th century since 1815  Ascension Island12 since 1816  Tristan da Cunha12 since 1833  Falkland Islands13 20th century since 1908  British Antarctic Territory14 since 1908  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands13 14 12Since 2009 part of Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922) and Tristan da Cunha (1938) were previously dependencies of St Helena 13Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of AprilJune 1982 14Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) v d e Tanzania topics History Timeline  British East Africa  East African Campaign (World War I)  German East Africa  Maji Maji Rebellion  Tanganyika  Ujamaa  Zanzibar Revolution Politics Elections  Flag  Foreign relations  Political parties  President  Prime Minister Geography Cities  Districts  Lakes  Regions  Rivers  Volcanoes  Wildlife Economy and infrastructure Airports  Bank of Tanzania  Communications  Tanzanian shilling  Tourism  Transport  Water supply and sanitation Demographics and society Ethnic groups  Notable Tanzanians  Education  Public holidays Culture Cuisine  Music  Religion Zanzibar History  Pemba  Unguja  Zanzibar Archipelago Portal Coordinates: 608S 3919E / 6.133S 39.317E / -6.133; 39.317